Ikholera: kuyini, izimpawu, izimbangela kanye nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Yini ebangela ikholera
• Yelashwa kanjani
• Izimpawu zokuthuthuka nokuya ngokuya ziba zimbi
• Ungakugwema kanjani ukubamba

Ikholera yisifo esithathelwanayo esingatholwa ngokusebenzisa amanzi nokudla okungcoliswe yigciwaneI-Vibrio cholerae. Lolu hlobo lokutheleleka luvame kakhulu futhi lubangela ukuqubuka kalula ezindaweni ezingenawo amanzi ompompi noma ngendle eyanele, lapho kungekho ukuqoqwa kukadoti noma indle evulekile, ngokwesibonelo.

Yize kungazibangeli njalo izimpawu, abanye abantu abanegciwane bangaba nesimo esibi kakhulu, esincike enanini lamabhaktheriya angenisiwe nesimo sempilo yomuntu onegciwane, esingazibonakalisa sisuka kuhudo oluncane siye kuhudo olunamandla futhi olungaba yingozi.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Kwezinye izimo, ikholera ingaba ne-asymptomatic noma ithathe izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezingu-5 ngemuva kokuthintana namanzi noma ukudla okungcolisiwe ukuze kuvele izimpawu zokuqala, okuyinhloko:

• Uhudo olunzima, ngaphezu kwesisodwa ngehora, okuvela ngoba ubuthi begciwane bangela ukuthi amangqamuzana angene emathunjini akhiqize inani elikhulu loketshezi;
• Izindle zamanzi ngombala omhlophe, ofana nobisi noma amanzi elayisi;
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza izakhi;
• Ukungabikho kokukhiqizwa komchamo;
• Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka ngokweqile;
• Ukuphela kwamanzi emzimbeni, ngokoma okweqile, nomlomo owomile nesikhumba;
• Ukunyuka kwenhliziyo nokwehlisa umfutho wegazi.

Kubalulekile ukuthi ikholera ikhonjwe futhi yelashwe ngokushesha ukuvimbela izinkinga ezingavela, njengokuphelelwa ngamandla kwamanzi, i-renal necrosis, i-hypoglycemia kanye ne-hypovolemic shock, okungaholela ekufeni ngaphansi kwamahora angama-24, ngokwesibonelo.

Amagciwane ahlala endle izinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kwezingu-14, futhi angaba yindlela yokungcola kwabanye abantu, ikakhulukazi uma ungazigezi izandla zakho ngemuva kokuya endlini yangasese, ngokwesibonelo. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokwelashwa njengokuyalelwa ngudokotela noma ngabe izimpawu azisekho.

Yini ebangela ikholera

Umuntu angangcoliswa ngokufaka amanzi noma ukudla okungcoliswe yigciwane, ngoba kukhishwa ngokuhlanza nangokuhuda, futhi kungasakazeka kalula. Ngakho-ke, kujwayelekile ukuthi ukutheleleka kudluliselwe phakathi kwabantu abahlala endaweni efanayo, njengabahlali bendlu eyodwa noma abantu abafunda esikoleni esifanayo nasemsebenzini, ngokwesibonelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile ezingcolile kanye nama-crustaceans noma amanzi olwandle nakho kungadala lesi sifo, ngoba amabhaktheriya ayingxenye yemvelo yasemanzini. Imifula, amadamu namachibi angcolile kungadala ubhadane lwezifo ezindaweni ezithile futhi, ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuphuza kuphela amanzi ahlungiwe noma abilisiwe.

Njengoba amabhaktheriya akhona endle ephindaphindeka kalula phakathi kuka-5 no-40ºC, futhi futhi amelana nokubanda, ubhadane lwekholera luvamile ezindaweni ezigcwele abantu, ngezimo zenhlanzeko ezingekho esimeni nokuntuleka kwezindlu zangasese eziyisisekelo.

Yelashwa kanjani

Asikho isidingo sanoma yikuphi ukwelashwa okukhethekile ngekholera, kunconywa kuphela ukugcina ukuphuza uketshezi noma i-serum ukugwema ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi okubangelwa uhudo olunzima. I-serum rehydration serum, ethengwe emakhemisi, noma i-serum eyenziwe ekhaya, nayo iyathakazelisa ukuvimbela nokwelapha ukomisa, ukufaka esikhundleni samanzi namaminerali alahlekile kuhudo nasekuhlanzeni.

Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokuqeda uhudo nokuhlanza akukhuthazwa, ngoba kungavimbela ubuthi obukhiqizwa ngama-microorganisms ukuthi bungaqedwa. Kodwa-ke, uma kuvela izimpawu ezingahle zingaphatheki kahle kumuntu, udokotela angakhombisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhambi okugula kwasolwandle, ubuhlungu nokugcwalisa i-microbiota yamathumbu.

Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, lapho ukuphelelwa amandla emzimbeni kubangela izimpawu ezifana nesiyezi noma ukukhathala ngokweqile, kungadingeka ukuhlala esibhedlela ukuze wenze i-serum ngqo emthanjeni futhi uhlole izimpawu ezibalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yize ama-antibiotic engadingeki ukuqeda ikholera, udokotela angancoma ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kubonakala isifo sohudo esinegazi, ukusetshenziswa kweSulfametoxazol-Trimethoprim, Doxycycline noma i-Azithromycin ukuze kuncishiswe ukudluliswa kwegciwane.

Izimpawu zokuthuthuka nokuya ngokuya ziba zimbi

Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokwenza ngcono ikholera ukwehlisa ukuhlanza nokuhuda, ngaphezu kombala othuthukisiwe nokwehla kobuthakathaka. Kakade izimpawu zokuba zimbi kakhulu yi-pallor, ukwehla kwesisindo, amehlo acwile, umlomo owomile, isikhumba esomile, ngaphezu kokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, amajaqamba nokuquleka. Uma lezi zimpawu zikhona, umuntu olaliswe esibhedlela kufanele agcinwe ukuze athole ukwelashwa okufanele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma isifo sohudo sinzima singadala ukoma emzimbeni emahoreni ambalwa futhi le nkinga ingaholela ekulimaleni kwezinso, ukushintsha kwamathumbu, i-arrhythmia yenhliziyo, umfutho wegazi ophansi kanye nokuwa kwenhliziyo.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukubamba

O I-Vibrio cholerae, okuyi-agent ethelelanayo yesifo, ayikwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-80ºC, ngakho-ke ukuvimbela ikholera kuyanconywa ukuthi uphuze amanzi ahlungiwe, ubilise amanzi ompompi ngaphambi kokuwangena, kanye nokudla ukudla okulungiselelwe nokuphakelwe, ukugwema ukudla okuluhlaza njengamasaladi noma i-sushi.

Lapho ulungisa ukudla, kubalulekile ukuthi ugeze izandla zakho futhi unake ukudla, ikakhulukazi izithelo ezinesikhumba esincanyana, okufanele zifakwe emanzini ane-chlorine encane okufanele ikhishwe nge-magciwane. Ngaphezu kokugeza izandla ngaphambi kokulungisa ukudla, kunconywa ukuthi ugeze izandla zakho ngensipho namanzi noma nini lapho usebenzisa indlu yangasese nanoma nini lapho uhlanza futhi uhudoza. Ngale ndlela kungenzeka ukuvimbela ukudluliswa kwamagciwane.

Lezi zindlela zokuvikela kufanele zisetshenziswe ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezingenakho ukuthuthwa kwendle okuyisisekelo, okunabantu abaningi noma abake bahlangabezana nenhlekelele yemvelo, ngokwesibonelo.

Ngaphezu kwezindlela zokuzivikela, enye indlela yokuvimbela ikholera ngokugoma, okutholakala emazweni asengozini enkulu yekholera kanye nabahambi noma abasebenzi abazoya ezifundeni ezihlasele kakhulu. Funda konke ngomuthi wokugomela ikholera.