Siyini isifo se-Coronary Artery?

-Delile

• Izimbangela zesifo semithambo yenhliziyo
• Izimpawu ze-CAD
• Izimpawu ze-CAD kwabesifazane
• Izici zobungozi ze-CAD
• Ukuhlonza i-CAD
• Yini ukwelashwa kwe-CAD?
• Uyini umbono we-CAD?

Ukubuka konke

Isifo somthambo iCoronary (CAD) sidala ukungahambi kahle kwegazi emithanjeni eletha igazi enhliziyweni. Ebizwa nangokuthi isifo senhliziyo (i-CHD), i-CAD iyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yesifo senhliziyo futhi ithinta cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyi-16.5 baseMelika abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-20.

Futhi kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa kwabesilisa nabesifazane e-United States. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi njalo ngemizuzwana engama-40, othile e-United States uhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.

Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kungavela ku-CAD engalawulwa.

Izimbangela zesifo semithambo yenhliziyo

Isizathu esivame kakhulu se-CAD ukulimala kwemithambo nge-cholesterol plaque buildup emithanjeni, eyaziwa njenge-atherosclerosis. Ukuhamba kwegazi okwehlisiwe kwenzeka lapho eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yale mithambo ivimba kancane noma ngokuphelele.

Imithambo yegazi eyinhloko eyishumi etholakala ebusweni benhliziyo:

• umthambo omkhulu we-coronary
• kwesobunxele umthambo omkhulu wenhliziyo
• umthambo we-circumflex ongakwesokunxele
• kwesobunxele kwehla umthambo

Le mithambo iletha umoya-mpilo negazi elinothe ngomsoco enhliziyweni yakho. Inhliziyo yakho iyisicubu esibhekene nokupompa igazi emzimbeni wakho wonke. Ngokusho komtholampilo waseCleveland, inhliziyo enempilo ihambisa cishe amalitha we-3,000 wegazi emzimbeni wakho nsuku zonke.

Njenganoma yisiphi esinye isitho noma imisipha, inhliziyo yakho kufanele ithole igazi elanele nelinokwethenjelwa ukuze lenze umsebenzi walo. Ukunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi kuye enhliziyweni yakho kungadala izimpawu ze-CAD.

Ezinye izimbangela ezingavamile zokulimala noma ukuvinjelwa emthanjeni we-coronary futhi kunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi kuye enhliziyweni.

Izimpawu ze-CAD

Lapho inhliziyo yakho ingalitholi igazi elanele lamathambo, ungahle ube nezimpawu ezahlukahlukene. I-Angina (ukungakhululeki kwesifuba) uphawu oluvame kakhulu lwe-CAD. Abanye abantu bachaza lokhu kungakhululeki njengo:

• ubuhlungu besifuba
• ubunzima
• ukuqina
• evuthayo
• ukukhama

Lezi zimpawu zingaphanjaniswa nokushiswa yinhliziyo noma ukuqunjelwa.

Ezinye izimpawu ze-CAD zifaka:

• ubuhlungu ezandleni noma emahlombe
• ukuphelelwa umoya
• ukujuluka
• isiyezi

Ungathola izimpawu eziningi lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kwakho kunqandwe kakhulu. Uma ukuvinjelwa kusika ukuphuma kwegazi ngokuphelele noma cishe ngokuphelele, imisipha yenhliziyo yakho izoqala ukufa uma ingabuyiswanga. Lesi yisifo senhliziyo.

Ungazinaki noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma zibuhlungu noma zihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu emihlanu. Ukwelashwa ngokushesha kuyadingeka.

Izimpawu ze-CAD kwabesifazane

Abesifazane nabo bangathola lezi zimpawu ezingenhla, kodwa futhi kungenzeka ukuthi babe:

• isicanucanu
• ukuhlanza
• ukuhlungu obusemhlane
• ubuhlungu bomhlathi
• ukuphefumula kancane ngaphandle kokuzwa ubuhlungu besifuba

Abesilisa basengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo senhliziyo kunabesifazane abangaphambi kokuya esikhathini. Abesifazane be-Postmenopausal abaneminyaka engama-70 ubudala banengozi efanayo neyabesilisa.

Ngenxa yokwehla kokugeleza kwegazi, inhliziyo yakho nayo inga:

• ube buthakathaka
• thuthukisa isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile (arrhythmia) noma amanani
• yehluleka ukupompa igazi eliningi njengoba umzimba wakho udinga

Udokotela wakho uzokubona lokhu okungajwayelekile kwenhliziyo ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa.

Izici zobungozi ze-CAD

Ukuqonda izici eziyingozi ze-CAD kungasiza ohlelweni lwakho ukuvimbela noma ukunciphisa amathuba okuba nesifo.

Izici zobungozi zifaka:

• umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol egazini
• ukubhema ugwayi
• ukumelana ne-insulin / i-hyperglycemia / isifo sikashukela
• ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• ukungasebenzi
• imikhuba yokudla engenampilo
• ukuvimbela ukuphefumula kokulala
• ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo
• ukuphuza ngokweqile
• umlando we-preeclampsia ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Ingozi ye-CAD nayo inyuka ngokukhula. Ngokuya ngeminyaka kuphela njengengcuphe, abesilisa baba nengozi enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo kusukela eminyakeni engama-45 kanti abesifazane baba nengozi enkulu kusukela eminyakeni yobudala engama-55. Ingozi yesifo semithambo yenhliziyo nayo iphakeme uma unomlando womndeni walesi sifo .

Ukuhlonza i-CAD

Ukuhlonza i-CAD kudinga ukubuyekezwa komlando wakho wezokwelapha, ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, nokunye ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha. Lezi zivivinyo zifaka:

• I-Electrocardiogram: Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlola amasiginali kagesi ahamba enhliziyweni yakho. Kungasiza udokotela wakho ukunquma ukuthi uke wahlaselwa yinhliziyo.
• I-Echocardiogram: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-imaging kusebenzisa amagagasi e-ultrasound ukudala isithombe senhliziyo yakho. Imiphumela yalolu vivinyo iveza ukuthi izinto ezithile enhliziyweni yakho zisebenza kahle yini.
• Ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi: Lokhu kuhlolwa okuthile kukala ukucindezeleka enhliziyweni yakho ngesikhathi somzimba nangesikhathi sokuphumula. Isivivinyo sihlola umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo yakho ngenkathi uhamba esitendhini noma ugibela ibhayisikili elimile. Ukucabanga kwenuzi kungabuye kwenziwe engxenyeni yalolu vivinyo. Kulabo abangakwazi ukuzivocavoca umzimba, imithi ethile ingasetshenziswa esikhundleni sokuhlolwa kwengcindezi.
• I-catheterization yenhliziyo (i-catheterization yenhliziyo engakwesokunxele): Phakathi nale nqubo, udokotela wakho ufaka udayi okhethekile emithanjeni yakho ye-coronary ngokusebenzisa ipayipi elifakwe ngomthambo ku-groin noma ingalo yakho. Idayi isiza ukuthuthukisa isithombe se-radiographic semithambo yakho ye-coronary ukukhomba noma yikuphi ukuvinjelwa.
• Ukuskena kwe-Heart CT: Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-imaging ukuhlola ama-calcium deposits emithanjeni yakho.

Yini ukwelashwa kwe-CAD?

Kubalulekile ukunciphisa noma ukulawula izici zakho zobungozi futhi ufune ukwelashwa ukuze wehlise amathuba okuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi, uma kutholakala ukuthi une-CAD. Ukwelashwa futhi kuya ngesimo sakho sempilo samanje, izinto ezinobungozi, kanye nenhlalakahle jikelele. Isibonelo, udokotela wakho angakunikeza ukwelashwa kwemithi yokwelapha i-cholesterol ephezulu noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme, noma ungathola imithi yokulawula ushukela wegazi uma unesifo sikashukela.

Izinguquko zokuphila zinganciphisa nengozi yesifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi. Ngokwesibonelo:

• yeka ukubhema ugwayi
• ukunciphisa noma ukumisa ukuphuza kwakho utshwala
• zivocavoca njalo
• ukunciphisa isisindo ezingeni eliphilile
• yidla ukudla okunempilo (okunamafutha amancane, ne-sodium encane)

Uma isimo sakho singathuthuki ngokushintshwa kwendlela yokuphila nemithi, udokotela wakho angancoma inqubo yokwandisa ukugeleza kwegazi kuye enhliziyweni yakho. Lezi zinqubo kungaba:

• ibhaluni angioplasty: ukunweba imithambo evinjiwe futhi unciphise ukwakheka kocwecwe, okuvame ukwenziwa ngokufakwa kwe-stent ukusiza ukugcina ukukhanya kuvulekile ngemuva kwenqubo
• Umthambo wenhliziyo udlula ukuhlinzwa ngokuxhunyelelwa: ukubuyisa ukugeleza kwegazi liye enhliziyweni ngokuhlinzwa esifubeni esivulekile
• ukuqiniswa kwangaphandle okuthuthukisiwe: ukugqugquzela ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emincane emisha ukweqa imithambo evinjiwe ngokwemvelo kunqubo engeyona eyokuhlasela

Uyini umbono we-CAD?

Umbono wawo wonke umuntu we-CAD uhlukile. Unamathuba angcono okuvimbela ukulimala okukhulu enhliziyweni yakho kusenesikhathi lapho ungaqala khona ukwelashwa kwakho noma usebenzise izinguquko zokuphila.

Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalo kadokotela wakho. Thatha imishanguzo njengoba uqondisiwe futhi wenze izinguquko ezinconywayo zokuphila. Uma unengozi enkulu ye-CAD, ungasiza ekuvikeleni lesi sifo ngokunciphisa izinto ezinobungozi.