Konke Okufanele Ukwazi Nge-2019 Coronavirus ne-COVID-19

-Delile

• Iyini i-coronavirus ka-2019?
• Ziyini izimpawu?
• I-COVID-19 iqhathaniswa nomkhuhlane
• Yini ebangela ama-coronaviruses?
• Ubani osengozini eyengeziwe?
• Atholakala kanjani ama-coronaviruses?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okutholakalayo?
• Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ezivela ku-COVID-19?
• Ungawavikela kanjani ama-coronaviruses?
• Amathiphu okuvimbela
• Ingabe kufanele ugqoke imaski?
• Yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo zama-coronaviruses?
• I-COVID-19 vs. SARS
• Uyini umbono?

Iyini i-coronavirus ka-2019?

Ekuqaleni kuka-2020, igciwane elisha laqala ukudala izihloko zezindaba emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yejubane elingakaze libonwe lokudluliswa kwalo.

Umsuka wayo ulandelwe emakethe yokudla eWuhan, China, ngoDisemba 2019. Ukusuka lapho, ifinyelele emazweni akude njenge-United States nePhilippines.

Leli gciwane (elibizwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi yi-SARS-CoV-2) libe nesandla ezigidini zezifo emhlabeni jikelele, okudala ukufa kwamakhulu ezinkulungwane. Izwe laseMelika yilona elithinteke kakhulu.

Lesi sifo esidalwa ukutheleleka nge-SARS-CoV-2 sibizwa nge-COVID-19, emele isifo se-coronavirus 2019.

Ngaphandle kokwethuka komhlaba wonke ezindabeni ezimayelana naleli gciwane, akunakwenzeka ukuthi uthole i-SARS-CoV-2 ngaphandle kokuthi uxhumane nomuntu one-SARS-CoV-2 ukutheleleka.

Ake sigweme ezinye izinganekwane.

Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde:

• idluliselwa kanjani le coronavirus
• ifana kanjani futhi yehluke kanjani kwamanye ama-coronaviruses
• ukuvimbela kanjani ukulidlulisela kwabanye uma usola ukuthi uthole leli gciwane

Hlala unolwazi ngezibuyekezo zethu ezibukhoma mayelana nokuqubuka kwamanje kwe-COVID-19.

Futhi, vakashela ihabhu lethu le-coronavirus ukuthola eminye imininingwane yokuthi ungazilungiselela kanjani, izeluleko ngokuvikela nokwelashwa, nezincomo zochwepheshe.

Ziyini izimpawu?

Odokotela bafunda izinto ezintsha ngaleli gciwane nsuku zonke. Kuze kube manje, siyazi ukuthi i-COVID-19 kungenzeka ingabangi izimpawu kwabanye abantu ekuqaleni.

Ungahle ulithwale leli gciwane ngaphambi kokubona izimpawu.

Ezinye izimpawu ezijwayelekile ezixhunyaniswe ngqo ne-COVID-19 zifaka:

• ukuphelelwa umoya
• ukukhwehlela okuba nzima kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• umkhuhlane osezingeni eliphansi okhuphuka kancane kancane ekushiseni
• ukukhathala

Izimpawu ezingavamile kakhulu zifaka:

• Ukugodola
• ukuqhaqhazela okuphindiwe ngamakhaza
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• ikhanda
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha nezinhlungu
• ukulahlekelwa ukunambitheka
• ukulahlekelwa iphunga

Lezi zimpawu zingaba nzima kakhulu kwabanye abantu. Shayela izinsizakalo zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo uma wena noma umuntu omnakekelayo unalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• inkinga yokuphefumula
• izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ubuso
• ubuhlungu obungapheli noma ingcindezi esifubeni
• ukudideka
• ukozela ngokweqile

Kusaphenywa uhlu olugcwele lwezimpawu.

I-COVID-19 iqhathaniswa nomkhuhlane

Sisafunda ukuthi ngabe i-coronavirus ka-2019 iyabulala kakhulu noma incane kunomkhuhlane wonyaka.

Lokhu kunzima ukunquma ngoba inani lamacala esewonke, okubandakanya amacala amancane kubantu abangafuni ukwelashwa noma abahlolwa, alaziwa.

Kodwa-ke, ubufakazi bokuqala bukhombisa ukuthi le coronavirus ibangela ukufa okuningi kunomkhuhlane wonyaka.

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu ababa nomkhuhlane ngesikhathi semfuluwenza e-United States bashone ngo-Ephreli 4, 2020.

Lokhu kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angama-6 alabo abanecala eliqinisekisiwe le-COVID-19 e-United States, ngokusho kwe.

Nazi ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zomkhuhlane:

• ukukhwehlela
• ikhala eligijimayo noma eligcwele
• ukuthimula
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• imfiva
• ikhanda
• ukukhathala
• Ukugodola
• Ubuhlungu bomzimba

Yini ebangela ama-coronaviruses?

Ama-Coronaviruses yi-zoonotic. Lokhu kusho ukuthi aqala ukukhula ezilwaneni ngaphambi kokudluliselwa kubantu.

Ukuze leli gciwane lidluliselwe lisuka ezilwaneni liye kubantu, umuntu kufanele axhumane kakhulu nesilwane esithwala leli gciwane.

Lapho nje igciwane selikhule kubantu, ama-coronaviruses angadluliselwa kusuka kumuntu kuye komunye ngamaconsi okuphefumula. Leli igama lobuchwepheshe lezinto ezimanzi ezihamba emoyeni lapho ukhwehlela, uthimula noma ukhuluma.

Izinto ezibangelwa amagciwane zilengela kulawa mathonsi futhi zingaphefumulelwa emgodini wokuphefumula (i-windpipe yakho namaphaphu), lapho igciwane lingaholela khona ekutheleleni.

Kungenzeka ukuthi ungathola i-SARS-CoV-2 uma uthinta umlomo wakho, ikhala, noma amehlo ngemuva kokuthinta ubuso noma into enegciwane kuyo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akucatshangwa ukuthi kuyindlela eyinhloko igciwane elisakazeka ngayo

I-coronavirus ye-2019 ayixhunyanisiwe ngokuqinisekile nesilwane esithile.

Abaphenyi bakholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi leli gciwane lidluliselwe lisuka kumalulwane laya kwesinye isilwane - kungaba izinyoka noma ama-pangolin - labe selidluliselwa kubantu.

Lokhu kudluliswa kungenzeka kwenzeke emakethe yokudla evulekile eWuhan, eChina.

Ubani osengozini eyengeziwe?

Usengozini enkulu yokuthola i-SARS-CoV-2 uma uthola ukuxhumana nomuntu oyiphethe, ikakhulukazi uma uvezwe ngamathe akhe noma ubusondele kubo lapho ekhwehlele, ethimula, noma ekhuluma.

Ngaphandle kokuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokuzivikela, usengozini enkulu uma:

• hlala nomuntu othole leli gciwane
• banikezela ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kumuntu othole leli gciwane
• ube nomlingani osondelene naye othole leli gciwane

Ukugeza izandla zakho nokubulala amagciwane kungasiza ekunciphiseni ubungozi bokuthola leli gciwane kanye namanye.

Abantu abadala asebekhulile nabantu abanezimo ezithile zempilo basengozini enkulu yezinkinga ezinzima uma bethola igciwane. Lezi zimo zezempilo:

• izimo zenhliziyo ezinzima, njengokuhluleka kwenhliziyo, isifo semithambo yegazi, noma i-cardiomyopathies
• isifo sezinso
• isifo esingapheliyo sokuvimbela kwamaphaphu (COPD)
• ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, okwenzeka kubantu abanenkomba yomzimba (BMI) engama-30 noma ngaphezulu
• isifo se-sickle cell
• amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka avela ekufakweni komzimba oqinile
• thayipha 2 sikashukela

Abesifazane abakhulelwe banobungozi obukhulu bezinkinga ezivela kwezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, kodwa akukaziwa ukuthi ngabe kunjalo yini nge-COVID-19.

Izifundazwe zithi abantu abakhulelwe babonakala benengozi efanayo yokuthola igciwane njengabantu abadala abangakhulelwe. Kodwa-ke, iCDC ibuye iphawule ukuthi labo abakhulelwe basengozini enkulu yokugula ngenxa yamagciwane okuphefumula uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abangakhulelwe.

Ukudlulisa igciwane lisuka kumama liye enganeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa akunakwenzeka, kodwa umntwana osanda kuzalwa uyakwazi ukuthola igciwane ngemuva kokuzalwa.

Atholakala kanjani ama-coronaviruses?

I-COVID-19 ingatholwa ngokufana nezinye izimo ezibangelwa ukutheleleka ngegciwane: ukusebenzisa igazi, amathe, noma isampula lesishubhu. Kodwa-ke, izivivinyo eziningi zisebenzisa i-swab kakotini ukuthola isampula ngaphakathi kwamakhala akho.

ICDC, eminye iminyango yezempilo yombuso, kanye nezinye izinkampani zentengiso zenza izivivinyo. Bona eyakho ukuthola ukuthi ukuhlolwa kunikezwa kuphi eduze kwakho.

Ngo-Ephreli 21, 2020, kwavuma ukusetshenziswa kwethuluzi lokuqala lokuhlola ikhaya le-COVID-19.

Besebenzisa i-swab yekotini enikeziwe, abantu bazokwazi ukuqoqa isampula yamakhala bese bayithumela elabhorethri ebekiwe ukuze ihlolwe.

Ukugunyazwa kokusetshenziswa kwezimo eziphuthumayo kucacisa ukuthi ikhithi yokuhlola igunyaziwe ukuthi isetshenziswe ngabantu abaqashelwe ochwepheshe bezempilo njengabasola i-COVID-19.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma ucabanga ukuthi une-COVID-19 noma ubona izimpawu.

Udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ngokuthi ngabe kufanele:

• hlala ekhaya futhi ubheke izimpawu zakho
• angene ehhovisi likadokotela azohlolwa
• iya esibhedlela ukuthola usizo oluphuthumayo

Yikuphi ukwelashwa okutholakalayo?

Okwamanje akukho ukwelashwa okuvunyelwe ngqo i-COVID-19, futhi alikho ikhambi lokutheleleka, yize izindlela zokwelapha kanye nemithi yokugoma isacwaningwa njengamanje.

Esikhundleni salokho, ukwelashwa kugxila ekuphatheni izimpawu njengoba igciwane liqhubeka.

Funa usizo lwezokwelapha uma ucabanga ukuthi une-COVID-19. Udokotela wakho uzoncoma ukwelashwa nganoma yiziphi izimpawu noma izinkinga eziqubukayo futhi akwazise uma udinga ukufuna ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.

Amanye ama-coronaviruses afana ne-SARS ne-MERS nawo aphathwa ngokulawula izimpawu. Kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa kokuhlola kuhlolwe ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kusebenza kangakanani.

Izibonelo zokwelashwa ezisetshenziselwa lezi zifo zifaka:

• imishanguzo yokulwa namagciwane noma ama-retroviral
• ukuphefumula ukwesekwa, njengokungeniswa komoya ngomshini
• ama-steroids ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu
• ukumpontshelwa i-plasma yegazi

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ezivela ku-COVID-19?

Inkinga ebucayi kakhulu ye-COVID-19 wuhlobo lwe-pneumonia olubizwa ngokuthi yi-2019 novel coronavirus-infection pneumonia (NCIP).

Imiphumela yocwaningo lwango-2020 lwabantu abangu-138 abangeniswe ezibhedlela eziseWuhan, eChina, neNCIP lithole ukuthi amaphesenti angama-26 alabo abangeniswe amacala abucayi futhi adinga ukwelashwa egumbini labagula kakhulu (ICU).

Cishe amaphesenti ama-4.3 wabantu ababengeniswe e-ICU babulawa yilolu hlobo lwe-pneumonia.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi abantu ababengeniswe e-ICU babemdala ngokwesilinganiso futhi babenezimo zezempilo eziyisisekelo kakhulu kunabantu abangayanga e-ICU.

Kuze kube manje, i-NCIP ukuphela kwenkinga exhunyaniswe ngqo ne-coronavirus ka-2019. Abaphenyi babone izinkinga ezilandelayo kubantu abenze i-COVID-19:

• isifo sokuphefumula esibucayi (i-ARDS)
• isilinganiso senhliziyo esingajwayelekile (arrhythmia)
• ukushaqeka kwenhliziyo
• ubuhlungu obukhulu bemisipha (myalgia)
• ukukhathala
• ukulimala kwenhliziyo noma isifo senhliziyo
• i-multisystem inflammatory syndrome ezinganeni (MIS-C), eyaziwa nangokuthi isifo sokuvuvukala kwezingane (PMIS)

Ungawavikela kanjani ama-coronaviruses?

Indlela engcono yokuvimbela ukudluliswa kokutheleleka ukugwema noma ukunciphisa ukuthintana nabantu abakhombisa izimpawu ze-COVID-19 noma yikuphi ukutheleleka okuphefumulayo.

Into elandelayo engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuzijwayeza inhlanzeko nokuqhelanisa umzimba ukuvikela amabhaktheriya namagciwane ukuthi angadluliswa.

Amathiphu okuvimbela

• Geza izandla zakho njalo okungenani imizuzwana engama-20 ngesikhathi ngamanzi afudumele nensipho. Yinde kangakanani imizuzwana engama-20? Cishe isikhathi eside uma kuthatha ukucula "ama-ABC" akho.
• Ungathinti ubuso bakho, amehlo, ikhala, noma umlomo lapho izandla zakho zingcolile.
• Ungaphumi uma uzizwa ugula noma unezimpawu zomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane.
• Hlala (2 amamitha) kude nabantu.
• Vala umlomo wakho ngesicubu noma ngaphakathi kwendololwane yakho noma kunini lapho uthimula noma ukhwehlela. Lahla noma yiziphi izicubu ozisebenzisayo ngokushesha.
• Hlanza noma yiziphi izinto ozithinta kakhulu. Sebenzisa izibulala-magciwane ezintweni ezifana nezingcingo, amakhompiyutha nezindwangu zomnyango. Sebenzisa insipho namanzi ezintweni opheka noma odla ngazo, njengezitsha ne-dishware.

Ingabe kufanele ugqoke imaski?

Uma uphume endaweni esesidlangalaleni lapho kunzima ukulandela imihlahlandlela yokuqaqeka ngokomzimba, izincomo zokuthi ugqoke imaski yobuso bendwangu emboza umlomo wakho nekhala.

Uma zigqokwe kahle, nangamaphesenti amakhulu omphakathi, lezi zimaski zingasiza ekunciphiseni ukudluliswa kwe-SARS-CoV-2.

Lokho kungenxa yokuthi zingavimba amaconsi okuphefumula abantu okungenzeka bangabonakali noma abantu abanegciwane kodwa abangatholakali.

Amaconsi okuphefumula angena emoyeni lapho:

• khipha
• khuluma
• ukukhwehlela
• thimula

Ungenza imaski yakho usebenzisa izinto eziyisisekelo ezifana:

• i-bandana
• isikibha
• indwangu kakotini

I-CDC ihlinzeka ngokwenza imaski ngesikele noma ngomshini wokuthunga.

Izifihla-buso zezindwangu zincanyelwa umphakathi jikelele ngoba ezinye izinhlobo zobuso kufanele zigcinelwe abasebenzi bezempilo.

Kubalulekile ukugcina imaski ihlanzekile. Yigeze njalo uma uyisebenzisa. Gwema ukuthinta ingaphambili layo ngezandla zakho. Futhi, zama ukugwema ukuthinta umlomo, ikhala, namehlo lapho ususa.

Lokhu kukuvimbela ukuthi ungadluliseli igciwane lisuka kumaski liye ezandleni zakho nasezandleni zakho liye ebusweni bakho.

Khumbula ukuthi ukugqoka imaski akuyona indawo yezinye izindlela zokuvimbela, njengokugeza izandla kaningi nokwenza ukuziqhelanisa nokubanga umzimba. Zonke zibalulekile.

Abantu abathile akufanele bagqoke izifihla-buso zobuso, kufaka phakathi:

• izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili
• abantu abanenkinga yokuphefumula
• abantu abangakwazi ukususa izifihla-buso zabo

Yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo zama-coronaviruses?

I-coronavirus ithola igama layo ngendlela ebukeka ngayo ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu.

Igama elithi corona lisho "umqhele."

Uma lihlolisiswa, igciwane eliyindilinga "linomqhele" wamaprotheni abizwa ngokuthi ama-peplomers aphuma enkabeni yawo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Lawa maprotheni asiza igciwane ukuthi likhombise ukuthi lingalithelela yini umuntu elihlala kulo.

Isimo esaziwa njenge-acute acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) saphinde saxhunyaniswa ne-coronavirus etheleleka kakhulu ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-2000. Igciwane lakwaSARS selivele laqukethwe.

I-COVID-19 vs. SARS

Lesi akusona okokuqala ukuthi i-coronavirus yenze izindaba. Ukuqubuka kwesifo sakwaSARS ngo-2003 nakho kubangelwe yi-coronavirus.

Njengegciwane lango-2019, igciwane lakwaSARS laqala ukutholakala ezilwaneni ngaphambi kokuba lidluliselwe kubantu.

Igciwane le-SARS kucatshangwa ukuthi livela futhi ladluliselwa kwesinye isilwane labe selidluliselwa kubantu.

Lapho selidluliselwe kubantu, igciwane leSARS laqala ukusabalala ngokushesha phakathi kwabantu.

Okwenza i-coronavirus entsha ifane nezindaba ukuthi ukwelashwa noma ukwelashwa akukakakhiwa ukusiza ukuvimbela ukudluliswa kwayo ngokushesha kusuka kumuntu kuye komunye umuntu.

Abakwa-SARS baqukethwe ngempumelelo.

Uyini umbono?

Okokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu, ungethuki. Awudingi ukuvalelwa wedwa ngaphandle kokuthi usola ukuthi uthole igciwane noma unemiphumela yokuqinisekisa eqinisekisiwe.

Ukulandela izinkombandlela ezilula zokugeza izandla nezindlela zokuzivikela emzimbeni kuyizindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuzivikela ekungenweni yigciwane.

I-coronavirus ye-2019 mhlawumbe ibonakala isabeka lapho ufunda izindaba ngokufa okusha, ukuhlukaniswa kwabantu, nokuvinjelwa kohambo.

Hlala uzolile bese ulandela imiyalo kadokotela wakho uma kutholakala ukuthi une-COVID-19 ukuze ukwazi ukululama futhi usize ukuyivimba ukuthi ingadluliswa.

Funda le ndatshana ngeSpanishi.