Okufanele Ukwazi Ngokuxilongwa kwe-COVID-19

-Delile

• Kunini lapho kufanele ucabange ukuhlolelwa ukuxilongwa kwe-COVID-19
• Izimpawu okufanele uzibheke
• Yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele uzithathe uma ufuna ukuhlolwa?
• Yini ehilelekile ekuhlolweni?
• Ngabe ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlolwa zizotholakala?
• Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa?
• Ngabe isivivinyo sinembile?
• Kunini ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kubalulekile?
• Okubalulekile

Lo mbhalo ubuyekezwe ngo-Ephreli 27, 2020 ukufaka imininingwane ngamakhithi okuhlola amakhaya futhi ngo-Ephreli 29, 2020 ukufaka izimpawu ezingeziwe ze-coronavirus ka-2019.

Ukuqubuka kwesifo esisha se-coronavirus, esatholwa okokuqala eChina ngoDisemba 2019, kuyaqhubeka nokuthinta abantu emhlabeni jikelele.

Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi futhi kunembile kwe-COVID-19 - isifo esibangelwa ukutheleleka nge-coronavirus entsha - kubalulekile ekunqandeni ukusabalala kwayo nokwenza ngcono imiphumela yezempilo.

Qhubeka ufunda ukuthola ukuthi wenzeni uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimpawu ze-COVID-19, nokuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziswayo ukuxilonga lesi sifo e-United States.

Kunini lapho kufanele ucabange ukuhlolelwa ukuxilongwa kwe-COVID-19

Uma uvezwe igciwane noma ukhombisa izimpawu ezimnene ze-COVID-19, shayela udokotela wakho ukuthola izeluleko mayelana nokuthi ungahlolwa kanjani futhi nini. Ungayi ehhovisi likadokotela wakho mathupha, ngoba ungathelelana.

Ungangena futhi naseCenters for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) ukukusiza uthathe isinqumo sokuthi uzohlolwa nini noma ufune usizo lwezempilo.

Izimpawu okufanele uzibheke

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ezibikwe ngabantu abane-COVID-19 zifaka:

• imfiva
• ukukhwehlela
• ukukhathala
• ukuphelelwa umoya

Abanye abantu bangase babe nezinye izimpawu, futhi, njenge:

• umphimbo obuhlungu
• ikhanda
• ikhala eligijimayo noma eligcwele
• isifo sohudo
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha nezinhlungu
• Ukugodola
• ukuqhaqhazela okuphindiwe ngamakhaza
• ukulahlekelwa iphunga noma ukunambitheka

Izimpawu ze-COVID-19 zivame ukubonakala ngaphakathi ngemuva kokuvezwa kokuqala kwegciwane.

Abanye abantu abakhombisi zimpawu ezimbalwa zokugula ngesikhathi sokuqala kokutheleleka kepha basengadlulisela igciwane kwabanye.

Ezimweni ezimnene, izindlela zokunakekelwa kwasekhaya nokuhlukaniswa komuntu uqobo kungaba yikho konke okudingekayo ukwelulama ngokuphelele nokugcina igciwane lingasabalali liye kwabanye. Kepha amanye amacala afuna ukungenelela okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe kwezokwelapha.

Yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele uzithathe uma ufuna ukuhlolwa?

Ukuhlolelwa i-COVID-19 okwamanje kukhawulelwe kubantu abadalulwe ku-SARS-CoV-2, igama elisemthethweni le-coronavirus yenoveli, noma abanezimpawu ezithile, njengalezo ezichazwe ngenhla.

Shayela ihhovisi likadokotela wakho uma usola ukuthi unenkontileka yakwa-SARS-CoV-2. Udokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi angahlola isimo sakho sempilo nezingozi ngocingo. Bangabe bekuqondisa ngokuthi ungaya kuphi futhi kuphi ukuze uhlolwe, futhi bakusize ukukuqondise ohlotsheni lokunakekelwa olufanele.

Ngo-Ephreli 21, kuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwethuluzi lokuqala lokuhlola ikhaya le-COVID-19. Besebenzisa i-swab yekotini enikeziwe, abantu bazokwazi ukuqoqa isampula yamakhala bese bayithumela elabhorethri ebekiwe ukuze ihlolwe.

Ukugunyazwa kokusetshenziswa kwezimo eziphuthumayo kucacisa ukuthi ikhithi yokuhlola igunyaziwe ukuthi isetshenziswe ngabantu ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo abakhombe njengabasola i-COVID-19.

Yini ehilelekile ekuhlolweni?

ihlala iyindlela yokuhlola yokuxilonga eyi-COVID-19 eyinhloko e-United States. Lolu wuhlobo olufanayo lokuhlola olwasetshenziselwa ukuthola isifo sokuphefumula esibi (i-SARS) lapho iqala ukuvela ngo-2002.

Ukuqoqa isampula yalolu vivinyo, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo kungenzeka enze okukodwa kokulandelayo:

• swab ikhala lakho noma umhlane womphimbo wakho
• aspirate fluid kusuka kumgudu wakho wokuphefumula ongezansi
• thatha isampula yamathe noma indle

Abaphenyi babe sebekhipha i-nucleic acid kwisampula yegciwane bese bekhulisa izingxenye zofuzo lwayo ngokusebenzisa inqubo yokubhala ngokuguqula i-PCR (RT-PCR). Lokhu kubanikeza isampula elikhudlwana lokuqhathanisa amagciwane. Izakhi zofuzo ezimbili zingatholakala ngaphakathi kofuzo lukaSARS-CoV-2.

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa yilena:

• okuhle uma kutholakala izakhi zofuzo zombili
• kungenakuphikiswa uma kutholakala isakhi esisodwa kuphela
• okungekuhle uma kungatholakali isakhi sofuzo

Udokotela wakho angaphinde ayalele iskena se-CT esifubeni ukusiza ukuxilonga i-COVID-19 noma ukuthola umbono ocacile wokuthi igciwane lisabalale kanjani futhi kuphi.

Ngabe ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlolwa zizotholakala?

I-FDA isanda kugunyaza ukusetshenziswa kwengxenye yemizamo yayo yokwandisa amandla wokuhlola.

Imishini yokuhlola i-FDA evume iphoyinti lokunakekelwa (POC) elenziwe yinkampani yaseCalifornia esekwe ngamangqamuzana i-Cepheid yamasethingi okunakekela iziguli. Ukuhlolwa kuzoqala kukhishwe kuzimo eziseqophelweni eliphezulu njengeminyango yezimo eziphuthumayo nezinye izingxenye zasesibhedlela.

Ukuhlolwa okwamanje kugcinelwe ukusula abasebenzi bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuthi babuyele emsebenzini kulandela ukuvezwa ku-SARS-CoV-2 nalabo abane-COVID-19.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa?

Amasampula we-RT-PCR avame ukuvivinywa ngamaqoqo ezindaweni ezikude nalapho aqoqwe khona. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungathatha usuku noma ngaphezulu ukuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-POC okusanda kuvunywa kuvumela amasampula ukuthi aqoqwe futhi ahlolwe endaweni efanayo, okuholela ezikhathini zokushesha ezisheshayo.

Amadivayisi weCepheid POC akhiqiza imiphumela yokuhlolwa kungakapheli imizuzu engama-45.

Ngabe isivivinyo sinembile?

Ezimweni eziningi, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-RT-PCR inembile. Imiphumela kungenzeka ingakhiphi ukutheleleka uma ukuhlolwa kwenziwa kusenesikhathi enkambweni yesifo. Umthamo wegciwane kungenzeka uphansi kakhulu ukuthola ukutheleleka ngalesi sikhathi.

Ucwaningo lwakamuva lwe-COVID-19 luthole ukuthi ukunemba kuyahlukahluka, kuya ngokuthi amasampula aqoqwa nini futhi kanjani.

Ucwaningo olufanayo luye lwathola nokuthi isifuba se-CT scan sihlonza ngokunembile ukutheleleka kumaphesenti angama-98 wamacala kanti ukuhlolwa kwe-RT-PCR kuthole ngokufanele amaphesenti angama-71 esikhathi.

I-RT-PCR kungenzeka ukuthi isesivivinyweni esifinyeleleka kakhulu, ngakho-ke khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo mayelana nezinketho zakho uma unezinkinga ngokuhlolwa.

Kunini ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kubalulekile?

Abanye abantu abane-COVID-19 bazizwa bencipha ngokuphefumula kanti abanye baphefumula ngokwejwayelekile kepha banokufundwa okuphansi komoya-mpilo - isimo esaziwa njenge-hypoxia ethule. Zombili lezi zimo zingakhuphuka ngokushesha ziye kwi-acute zokuphefumula syndrome (i-ARDS), okuyisimo esiphuthumayo kwezokwelapha.

Kanye nokuphefumula okungazelelwe futhi okunzima, abantu abane-ARDS nabo bangase baqale isiyezi ngokungazelelwe, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo nokujuluka okukhulu.

Ngezansi kukhona ezinye, kepha hhayi zonke, zezimpawu zesixwayiso eziphuthumayo ze-COVID-19 - ezinye zazo ezibonisa ukuqhubekela phambili ku-ARDS:

• ukuphelelwa umoya noma ukuphefumula kanzima
• ubuhlungu obungapheli, ukuqina, ukukhama noma ukungaphatheki kahle esifubeni sakho noma esiswini esingaphezulu
• ukudideka okungazelelwe noma izinkinga zokucabanga kahle
• umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka esikhunjeni, ikakhulukazi ezindebeni, emibhedeni yezipikili, ezinsinini, noma eduze kwamehlo
• imfiva ephezulu engaphenduli ezinyathelweni ezijwayelekile zokupholisa
• izandla ezibandayo noma izinyawo
• ishayela elibuthakathaka

Thola ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma unalezi noma ezinye izimpawu ezimbi. Shayela udokotela wakho noma isibhedlela sendawo kusengaphambili, uma ukwazi, ukuze bakunikeze iziyalezo zalokho okufanele ukwenze.

Ukuthola ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo kubaluleke kakhulu kunoma ngubani osengozini enkulu yezinkinga ze-COVID-19.

Abantu abadala abadala basengozini yokugula okunzima, njengabantu abanezimo zempilo ezingapheli ezilandelayo:

• izimo zenhliziyo ezinzima, njengokuhluleka kwenhliziyo, isifo semithambo yegazi, noma i-cardiomyopathies
• isifo sezinso
• isifo esingapheliyo sokuvimbela kwamaphaphu (COPD)
• ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, okwenzeka kubantu abanenkomba yomzimba (BMI) engama-30 noma ngaphezulu
• isifo se-sickle cell
• amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka avela ekufakweni komzimba oqinile
• thayipha 2 sikashukela

Okubalulekile

Ukuhlolwa kwe-RT-PCR kuhlala kuyindlela eyinhloko yokuthola i-COVID-19 e-United States. Kodwa-ke, abanye odokotela bangasebenzisa ukuskena kwesifuba se-CT njengendlela elula, esheshayo, nethembeke ngokwengeziwe yokuhlola nokuxilonga lesi sifo.

Uma unezimpawu ezincane noma ukutheleleka okusolisayo, shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Bazohlola ubungozi bakho, bakubekele uhlelo lokuvikela nokunakekela, futhi bakunikeze nemiyalo yokuthi ungahlolwa kanjani nokuthi kuphi.