Okufanele Ukwazi Nge-COVID-19 Nenyumoniya

-Delile

• Yini ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-coronavirus entsha ne-pneumonia?
• Ihluke kanjani i-pneumonia ye-COVID-19 kunenyumoniya ejwayelekile?
• Ziyini izimpawu?
• Ukufuna nini usizo oluphuthumayo
• Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa i-COVID-19 pneumonia?
• Abantu abadala asebekhulile
• Izimo zezempilo ezingaphansi
• Amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka
• Itholakala kanjani i-COVID-19 pneumonia?
• Ilashwa kanjani?
• Imiphumela yesikhathi eside
• Amathiphu okuvimbela
• Okubalulekile

I-pneumonia ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu. Amagciwane, amabhaktheriya nesikhunta kungayibangela. I-pneumonia ingadala ukuthi izikhwama zomoya ezincane emaphashini akho, ezaziwa ngokuthi i-alveoli, zigcwale uketshezi.

I-pneumonia ingaba inkinga ye-COVID-19, ukugula okubangelwa yi-coronavirus entsha eyaziwa njenge-SARS-CoV-2.

Kule ndatshana sizobhekisisa i-pneumonia i-COVID-19, yini eyenza yehluke, izimpawu okufanele uzibheke, nokuthi ilashwa kanjani.

Yini ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-coronavirus entsha ne-pneumonia?

Ukutheleleka nge-SARS-CoV-2 kuqala lapho amaconsi okuphefumula aqukethe igciwane engena emkhakheni wakho wokuphefumula ophezulu. Njengoba igciwane landa, ukutheleleka kungadlulela emaphashini akho. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa i-pneumonia.

Kepha kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? Imvamisa, umoya-mpilo owuphefumulela emaphashini akho unqamula ungene egazini lakho ngaphakathi kwe-alveoli, amasaka omoya amancane emaphashini akho. Kodwa-ke, ukutheleleka nge-SARS-CoV-2 kungalimaza i-alveoli nezicubu ezizungezile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba izivikeli mzimba zakho zilwa naleli gciwane, ukuvuvukala kungadala uketshezi namangqamuzana afile ukuba akhe emaphashini akho. Lezi zinto ziphazamisa ukudluliswa komoya-mpilo, okuholela ezimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela nokuphefumula okuncane.

Abantu abane-pneumonia ye-COVID-19 bangaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa isifo sokuphefumula esibucayi (i-ARDS), uhlobo oluqhubekayo lokuhluleka ukuphefumula okwenzeka lapho izikhwama zomoya emaphashini zigcwala uketshezi. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukuphefumula.

Abantu abaningi abane-ARDS badinga umoya opholile ukuze ubasize baphefumule.

Ihluke kanjani i-pneumonia ye-COVID-19 kunenyumoniya ejwayelekile?

Izimpawu ze-COVID-19 pneumonia zingafana nezinye izinhlobo ze-pneumonia yegciwane. Ngenxa yalokhu, kungaba nzima ukutshela ukuthi yini ebangela isimo sakho ngaphandle kokuhlolelwa i-COVID-19 noma ezinye izifo zokuphefumula.

Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka ukuthola ukuthi i-COVID-19 pneumonia ihluke kanjani kwezinye izinhlobo zenyumoniya. Imininingwane evela kulezi zifundo ingasiza ekuxilongweni nasekuqhubekiseni ukuqonda kwethu ukuthi i-SARS-CoV-2 iwathinta kanjani amaphaphu.

Ucwaningo olulodwa lusebenzise ukuskena kwe-CT nokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri ukuqhathanisa izici zomtholampilo we-COVID-19 pneumonia nezinye izinhlobo zenyumoniya. Abaphenyi bathola ukuthi abantu abane-pneumonia ye-COVID-19 babenamathuba amaningi okuba:

• inyumoniya ethinta womabili amaphaphu ngokungafani nelilodwa nje
• amaphaphu ayebonakala njengesici "ingilazi yomhlaba" nge-CT scan
• ukungajwayelekile kokunye ukuhlolwa kwelabhoratri, ikakhulukazi lokho okuhlola ukusebenza kwesibindi

Ziyini izimpawu?

Izimpawu ze-COVID-19 pneumonia ziyefana nezimpawu zezinye izinhlobo zenyumoniya futhi zingafaka:

• imfiva
• Ukugodola
• ukukhwehlela, okungakhiqiza noma okungakhiqizi
• ukuphelelwa umoya
• ubuhlungu besifuba obenzeka lapho uphefumula kakhulu noma ukhwehlela
• ukukhathala

Izimo eziningi ze-COVID-19 zibandakanya izimpawu ezimnene nezilinganiselayo. Ngokuya nge-pneumonia emnene ingaba khona kwabanye balaba bantu.

Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi i-COVID-19 iba yimbi kakhulu. Ovela eChina uthole ukuthi cishe amaphesenti ayi-14 amacala abebucayi, kuyilapho amaphesenti ama-5 abekwe njengabucayi.

Abantu abanezimo ezinzima ze-COVID-19 bangabhekana nezikhathi ezinzima kakhulu ze-pneumonia. Izimpawu zingafaka ukuphefumula kanzima namazinga e-oxygen aphansi. Ezimweni ezibucayi, inyumoniya ingathuthukela ku-ARDS.

Ukufuna nini usizo oluphuthumayo

Qiniseka ukuthi ufuna usizo oluphuthumayo ngokushesha uma wena noma omunye umuntu ehlangabezana:

• ukuphefumula kanzima
• ukuphefumula okusheshayo, okungajulile
• imizwa eqhubekayo yengcindezi noma ubuhlungu esifubeni
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• ukudideka
• umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wezindebe, ubuso, noma izinzipho zeminwe
• unenkinga yokuhlala uphapheme noma ubunzima bokuvuka

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa i-COVID-19 pneumonia?

Abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokuthola izinkinga ezinkulu - njenge-pneumonia ne-ARDS - ngenxa ye-COVID-19. Ake sihlole lokhu ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi.

Abantu abadala asebekhulile

Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu basengozini eyengeziwe yokugula okungathi sína ngenxa ye-COVID-19.

Ngokwengeziwe, ukuhlala esikhungweni sokunakekelwa isikhathi eside, njengekhaya labahlengikazi noma indawo yokuhlala esiziwayo, nakho kungakubeka engcupheni enkulu.

Izimo zezempilo ezingaphansi

Abantu banoma yibuphi ubudala abanezimo ezingaphansi kwezempilo basengozini enkulu yokugula okungathi sína kwe-COVID-19, kufaka phakathi i-pneumonia. Izimo zezempilo ezingakubeka engcupheni enkulu zifaka:

• izifo ezingapheli zamaphaphu, njengezifo ezingapheli ze-pulmonary disease (COPD)
• isifuba somoya
• isifo sikashukela
• izimo zenhliziyo
• isifo sesibindi
• isifo esingapheliyo sezinso
• ukukhuluphala ngokweqile

Amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka

Ukungavumelani nomzimba kungakhuphula ubungozi bokugula okungathi sína kwe-COVID-19. Umuntu kuthiwa akavikelwa yikhanda uma amasosha omzimba ebuthakathaka kunokujwayelekile.

Ukuba namasosha omzimba abuthakathaka kungavela ku:

• ukuthatha imishanguzo eyenza amasosha akho omzimba abe buthakathaka, njenge-corticosteroids noma izidakamizwa zesimo sokuzivikela komzimba
• kwelashwa umdlavuza
• ukuthola isitho somzimba noma umnkantsha
• une-HIV

Itholakala kanjani i-COVID-19 pneumonia?

Ukuxilongwa kwe-COVID-19 kwenziwa kusetshenziswa uhlolo oluthola ubukhona bezinto zofuzo ezibangelwa yisampula yokuphefumula. Lokhu kuvame ukufaka ukuqoqa isampula ngokuswayipha ikhala lakho noma umphimbo.

Ukufanekisa ubuchwepheshe, njenge-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan, kungasetshenziswa futhi njengengxenye yenqubo yokuxilonga. Lokhu kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuba abone ngamehlo enguquko ushintsho emaphashini akho okungenzeka ukuthi lubangelwe yi-COVID-19 pneumonia.

Ukuhlolwa kwelabhoratri nakho kungasiza ekuhloleni ukuqina kwesifo. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuqoqa isampula segazi emthanjeni noma emthanjeni engalweni yakho.

Ezinye izibonelo zezivivinyo ezingasetshenziswa zifaka ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC) nephaneli yemethabolic.

Ilashwa kanjani?

Okwamanje alukho unyango oluthile olugunyazelwe i-COVID-19. Kodwa-ke, izidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene zinjengezindlela zokwelapha ezingaba khona.

Ukwelashwa kwe-COVID-19 pneumonia kugxile ekunakekelweni okusekelayo. Lokhu kuhilela ukunciphisa izimpawu zakho nokuqiniseka ukuthi uthola i-oxygen eyanele.

Abantu abane-pneumonia ye-COVID-19 bavame ukuthola ukwelashwa komoya-mpilo. Izimo ezinzima zingadinga ukusetshenziswa komoya.

Kwesinye isikhathi abantu abane-pneumonia yegciwane bangabuye bathuthukise ukutheleleka kwesibhaktheriya kwesibili. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ama-antibiotic asetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukutheleleka kwamagciwane.

Imiphumela yesikhathi eside

Ukulimala kwamaphaphu ngenxa ye-COVID-19 kungaholela emiphumeleni yezempilo ehlala njalo.

Ucwaningo oluthile lwathola ukuthi abantu abangama-66 kwabangu-70 ababene-pneumonia ye-COVID-19 babesenezilonda zamaphaphu ezibonakala nge-CT scan lapho bephuma esibhedlela.

Ngakho-ke, lokhu kungayithinta kanjani impilo yakho yokuphefumula? Kungenzeka ukuthi ubunzima bokuphefumula bungaqhubeka ngesikhathi nangemva kokululama ngenxa yokulimala kwamaphaphu. Uma une-pneumonia enamandla noma i-ARDS, ungaba nesibazi samaphaphu esihlala njalo.

Kwalandelwa abantu abangama-71 eminyakeni eyi-15 bethola i-SARS, evela ku-coronavirus ehlobene nayo. Abaphenyi bathole ukuthi izilonda zamaphaphu zehle kakhulu onyakeni ngemuva kokululama. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi sokululama, izilonda zagcwala.

Amathiphu okuvimbela

Yize kungenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuvimbela i-COVID-19 pneumonia ekuthuthukiseni, kunezinyathelo ezithile ongazithatha ukwehlisa ubungozi bakho:

• Qhubeka nokusebenzisa izindlela zokulawula ukutheleleka, njengokugeza izandla njalo, ukuphambanisa umzimba, nokuhlanza njalo izindawo ezithinta kakhulu.
• Yenza imikhuba yokuphila engasiza ukukhulisa amasosha akho omzimba, njengokuhlala unamanzi amaningi, ukudla ukudla okunempilo nokulala ngokwanele.
• Uma unesimo sempilo esiyisisekelo, qhubeka nokulawula isimo sakho bese uphuza yonke imithi njengokuyalelwa.
• Uma ugula nge-COVID-19, ziqaphele ngokucophelela izimpawu zakho bese uhlala uthintana nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Unganqikazi ukufuna usizo oluphuthumayo uma izimpawu zakho ziqala ukuba zimbi.

Okubalulekile

Ngenkathi izimo eziningi ze-COVID-19 zimnene, inyumoniya iyinkinga engaba khona. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, i-COVID-19 pneumonia ingaholela ohlotsheni oluqhubekayo lokwehluleka kokuphefumula okubizwa nge-ARDS.

Izimpawu ze-COVID-19 pneumonia zingafana nezinye izinhlobo zenyumoniya. Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi bathole ushintsho emaphashini olungakhomba i-COVID-19 pneumonia. Lezi zinguquko zingabonakala nge-imaging ye-CT.

Akukho ukwelashwa kwamanje kwe-COVID-19. Abantu abane-pneumonia ye-COVID-19 badinga ukunakekelwa okusekelayo ukunciphisa izimpawu zabo nokuqinisekisa ukuthi bathola umoya-mpilo owenele.

Ngenkathi ungeke ukwazi ukuvimbela i-COVID-19 pneumonia ekuthuthukiseni, kunezinyathelo ongazithatha ukwehlisa ubungozi bakho. Lokhu kufaka ukusebenzisa izindlela zokulawula ukutheleleka, ukuphatha noma yiziphi izimo zempilo ezingaphansi, nokuqapha izimpawu zakho uma uthola ukutheleleka nge-coronavirus entsha.