Izindleko Zokuphatha Uhlobo Lwesifo Sikashukela Sohlobo 2: Indaba kaShelby

-Delile

• Izindleko zokushintsha okukhulu kwempilo
• Uhlobo lwe-2 sikashukela luyaqhubeka futhi nezindleko ziyaqhubeka
• Izindleko eziphakeme zokugcina ukufakwa komshuwalense
• Ukubhekana nezinguquko nezindleko ezikhuphukayo
• Ukukhokhela izindleko zokunakekelwa
• Ukulwela ukwelashwa okungabizi kakhulu

Impilo nokuphila kahle kuthinta ngamunye wethu ngokuhlukile.Le yindaba yomuntu oyedwa.

Lapho uShelby Kinnaird eneminyaka engama-37 ubudala, wavakashela udokotela wakhe ukuyohlolwa njalo. Ngemuva kokuthi udokotela wakhe eyalele ukuhlolwa kwegazi, wafunda ukuthi amazinga kashukela egazi aphezulu.

Njengabantu baseMelika, uShelby wayesethuthukise uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 - isimo lapho umzimba ungakwazi ukugcina kahle noma ukusebenzisa ushukela ekudleni, eziphuzweni, nakweminye imithombo.

Kodwa ukuhlala nohlobo 2 sikashukela akuyona nje indaba yokufunda ukuphatha ushukela wegazi. Ukulungisa izindleko zalesi simo - kusuka kumaphrimiyamu omshwalense, ama-copay, nemithi ekungeneleleni kwendlela yokuphila njengamakilasi wokuzivocavoca nokudla okunempilo - kuletha izinselelo ezihlukile.

Ekuqaleni, ngemuva kokuxilongwa kukaShelby, izindleko zakhe zazincane futhi zihlobene kakhulu nokwenza izinqumo ezinempilo zansuku zonke. Udokotela kaShelby wamdlulisela kumfundisi wesifo sikashukela ukuze amsize afunde ukuphatha i-type 2 diabetes, esebenzisa indlela adla ngayo, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, kanye nezinye izinguquko zendlela aphila ngayo.

Ngosizo lomfundisi wakhe wesifo sikashukela, uShelby waba nemikhuba emisha yansuku zonke.

Uqale ukulandelela konke ukudla akudlayo, esebenzisa indlela eyaziwa ngokuthi “uhlelo lokushintshana,” ukuhlela ukudla okungasiza ukunciphisa amazinga kashukela egazini lakhe.

Waqala ukuzivocavoca umzimba ngokwengeziwe, ehambahamba nsuku zonke ngemuva komsebenzi.

Ubuye wabuza umphathi wakhe ukuthi angahamba kancane yini. Kwakunzima ukunamathela ekudleni okunempilo nokuzijwayeza ukuzivocavoca ngenkathi usohambweni njengoba ayekade esebenza.

Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuxilongwa kwakhe, uShelby wehlise okungenani amakhilogremu angama-30 futhi amazinga kashukela egazi ehla aya ebangeni elihlosiwe elinempilo.

Eminyakeni embalwa eyalandela, wakwazi ukuphatha amazinga kashukela egazini lakhe esebenzisa amasu okuphila aphansi yedwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, izindleko zakhe zaziphansi. Abanye abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili bangakwazi ukuphatha isimo ngaphandle kwemithi iminyaka eminingana noma ngaphezulu. Kepha ekugcineni, iningi lidinga imishanguzo ukugcina ushukela wegazi lalo lingaphakathi kwenhloso.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, udokotela kaShelby wengeza umuthi owodwa wabe esefaka neminye ohlelweni lwakhe lokwelashwa.

Ngenxa yalokho, izindleko zakhe zokuphila nesifo sikashukela zenyuka - ekuqaleni kancane kancane zabe seziphawuleka kakhulu.

Izindleko zokushintsha okukhulu kwempilo

Ngama-2000s okuqala, eminyakeni embalwa ngemuva kokutholakala kwakhe, uShelby wabhekana nezinguquko ezinkulu ezimbalwa empilweni yakhe.

Wahlukana nomyeni wakhe wokuqala. Wasuka eMassachusetts waya eMaryland. Ushiye umsebenzi wesikhathi esigcwele waya emsebenzini wesikhashana, ngenkathi ebuyela esikoleni eyofundela ukuklanywa kwezincwadi. Ngemuva kokuphothula iziqu, washiya inkampani yobunjiniyela be-software lapho ayesebenzele khona ukuqala ibhizinisi lakhe.

Impilo yaba matasa - futhi wakuthola kunzima ukubeka phambili ukuphatha isifo sikashukela.

“Izinguquko eziningi zenzeka ngasikhathi sinye,” esho, “nesifo sikashukela, ekuqaleni, bekuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu kimi, bese ngicabanga ukuthi, 'oh izinto zilungile, ngisebenza kahle,' futhi ngokuzumayo, yehla yaya ohlwini. ”

Ngo-2003, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukhombisile ukuthi amazinga kashukela egazini lakhe ayengasekho ebangeni ayeqonde kulo. Ukusiza ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini lakhe, udokotela wakhe wamnika i-metformin, umuthi womlomo osetshenziselwe ukwelapha uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 amashumi eminyaka. IMetformin iyatholakala njengesidakamizwa esijwayelekile ngentengo ephansi noma mahhala.

"Akukaze kungibize ngaphezu kuka- $ 10 ngenyanga," kusho uShelby.

"Empeleni, ngenkathi [kamuva] ngihlala eNyakatho Carolina, kwakukhona isitolo sokudla lapho esasinikeza i-metformin mahhala," eqhubeka. "Ngicabanga ukuthi ngoba umuthi kade ukhona, ushibhile kakhulu, kufana nokuthi uma sikunikeza i-metformin mahhala, uzoza lapha ukuthola ezinye izinto."

NgoMeyi 2020, okunconywayo ukuthi abanye abenzi be-metformin enwetshiwe bakhiphe amanye amaphilisi abo emakethe yase-U.S. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinga elingamukeleki le-carcinogen (i-agent ebangela umdlavuza) itholakale kwamanye amaphilisi e-metformin akhululwa isikhathi eside. Uma okwamanje uthatha lo muthi, shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Bazokweluleka ngokuthi ngabe kufanele uqhubeke nokudla imishanguzo yakho noma uma udinga incwadi kadokotela entsha.

Uhlobo lwe-2 sikashukela luyaqhubeka futhi nezindleko ziyaqhubeka

Ngo-2006, uShelby wathutha nomyeni wakhe wesibili baya eCape Hatteras, uchungechunge lweziqhingi ezisuka ezwekazini laseNyakatho Carolina ziye olwandle i-Atlantic Ocean.

Kwakungekho zikhungo zokunakekela isifo sikashukela noma izazi ze-endocrinologists endaweni, ngakho-ke wathembela kudokotela wokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo ukusiza ukuphatha isimo sakhe.

Uqhubeke nokuthatha imithamo yansuku zonke yemethformin, adle ukudla okunempilo, nokuzivocavoca umzimba njalo. Kodwa ngemuva kweminyaka eminingana, wathola ukuthi lawo macebo ayenganele.

"Ngifike lapho ucabanga ukuthi wenza konke kahle, futhi noma ngabe udlani, ushukela wegazi uyakhuphuka," esho.

Ukusiza ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini lakhe, udokotela wakhe oyinhloko wamnikeza umuthi womlomo owaziwa nge-glipizide. Kodwa kubangele ukuthi amazinga kashukela egazini lakhe ehle kakhulu, ngakho-ke wayeka ukuwuthatha futhi “waqina kakhudlwana” ngokudla kwakhe nangemikhuba yokuzivocavoca ukuze azame ukugcina ushukela wegazi lakhe lisendaweni ebekiwe.

Ngenkathi uShelby nomyeni wakhe bethuthela eChapel Hill, eNorth Carolina, ngo-2013, wayesalwela ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini lakhe. Udokotela wakhe omusha wokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo wamdlulisela kudokotela we-endocrinologist.

"Ngiye kobona udokotela we-endocrinologist esikhungweni sabo sikashukela lapho," kusho uShelby, "futhi wathi ngokuyisisekelo," Ungazishayi, lokhu kuyinto eqhubekayo. Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe wenza izinto kahle, uzokuthola ekugcineni. '”

Udokotela we-endocrinologist unikeze umuthi ojojwayo owaziwa ngokuthi yiVictoza (liraglutide), uShelby awusebenzisa ngamasu we-metformin nezindlela zokuphila ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini lakhe.

Ekuqaleni, wayekhokha u- $ 80 kuphela ngokunikezwa ngakunye kwezinsuku ezingama-90 kweVictoza.

Kepha kungakapheli iminyaka embalwa, lokho bekuzoshintsha ngendlela enkulu.

Izindleko eziphakeme zokugcina ukufakwa komshuwalense

Ngesikhathi uShelby etholakala enesifo sikashukela okokuqala, wayembozwa ngumshuwalense wezempilo oxhaswe ngumqashi.

Ngemuva kokushiya umsebenzi wakhe ukuze aqale umsebenzi wokuzimela, wakhokha ukuze agcine uhlelo lwakhe lomshuwalense wakudala isikhashana ngaphambi kokuthenga umshuwalense wangasese yedwa. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuthola umshwalense wezempilo wangasese kungaba nzima kulabo abanesimo esivele sikhona njengesifo sikashukela.

Ngemuva kwalokho i-Affordable Care Act (ACA) yaqaliswa ngo-2014 futhi izinketho zakhe zashintsha. UShelby nomyeni wakhe babhalisa ohlelweni lweBlue Cross Blue Shield ngokushintshana kwe-ACA yaseNorth Carolina.

Ngo-2014, bakhokha u- $ 1,453 ngenyanga kumaphrimiyamu ahlanganisiwe futhi babenomndeni otholakala kwinethiwekhi odonswa ku- $ 1,000.

Ngo-2015, lokho kwashintsha. I-premium yabo yanyanga zonke yehle kancane, kepha imindeni yabo kwi-network deductible yehlela ku- $ 6,000. Ngenkathi besuka eNyakatho Carolina beya eVirginia ngokuhamba konyaka, amaphrimiyamu abo ehla kancane kancane aya ku- $ 1,251 ngenyanga - kepha imali yabo ebanjwayo yakhula yanda kakhulu, yanda yaya ku- $ 7,000 ngonyaka.

Njengomndeni, bathola ikhefu elincane lezezimali lapho umyeni kaShelby eqala ukuthola iMedicare. Imali ayikhokhela iwele ku- $ 506 ngenyanga, kwathi imali yakhe ayidonsela kwinethiwekhi yamiswa ku- $ 3,500 ngonyaka.

Kodwa ukwehla kwezindleko akuzange kume. Ngo-2016, amaprimiyamu kaShelby nyangazonke ehla kancane aya ku- $ 421 ngenyanga - kodwa imali yakhe ayisebenzisayo ekuxhumaneni nenethiwekhi inyuke yaya ku- $ 5,750 ngonyaka.

Ku-2017, ushintshele ku-Anthem, wakhetha uhlelo olunamaprimiyamu anyanga zonke angama- $ 569 kanye ne-in-network ekhishwa ngo- $ 175 kuphela ngonyaka.

Lolo hlelo lwe-Anthem lunikeze umshwalense omuhle kunayo yonke ake waba nayo, kusho uShelby.

"Ukusabalala bekumangalisa," utshele iHealthline. "Ngiqonde ukuthi angiyanga kudokotela noma kwinqubo yokwelashwa ebengikhokhela into eyodwa unyaka wonke."

Waqhubeka wathi, “Ukuphela kwento okwakumele ngiyikhokhele kwakuyimibhalo kadokotela, futhi uVictoza wayenamadola angama-80 izinsuku ezingama-90.”

Kodwa ekupheleni konyaka we-2017, i-Anthem yaphuma ekushintsheni kwe-ACA yaseVirginia.

UShelby bekufanele abhalise uhlelo olusha ngoCigna - bekuwukuphela kwendlela yakhe.

"Benginenketho eyodwa," esho. "Ngithole uhlelo olungu- $ 633 ngenyanga, futhi engidonselwayo ibingu- $ 6,000, futhi engikhiphe ephaketheni ibingu- $ 7,350."

Ezingeni lomuntu ngamunye, kwakuwuhlelo olubiza kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi inshuwalense yezempilo ayenayo.

Ukubhekana nezinguquko nezindleko ezikhuphukayo

Ngaphansi kohlelo lomshuwalense kaShelby’s Cigna, izindleko zeVictoza zakhuphuka ngamaphesenti angama-3 000 zisuka ku- $ 80 zaya ku- $ 2,400 ngokuthengwa kwezinsuku ezingama-90.

UShelby wayengajabule ngokunyuka kwezindleko, kodwa wezwa ukuthi umuthi umsebenzele kahle. Ubuye futhi wakuthanda ukuthi kunikela ngezinzuzo ezingaba khona empilweni yakhe yenhliziyo.

Yize izinketho zemithi ezishibhile zazikhona, wayekhathazekile ukuthi beza nengozi ephezulu ye-hypoglycemia, noma ushukela ophansi wegazi.

"Ngiyakuzonda ukuthuthela eminye yemithi eshibhile," kusho uShelby, "ngoba ingadala ukuthi ushukela wegazi lakho wehle, ngakho-ke kufanele ukhathazeke ngamazinga aphansi."

Uthathe isinqumo sokunamathela kuVictoza bese ekhokha inani.

Ukube wayenelungelo elincane lezezimali, wayezothatha isinqumo esihlukile, esho.

“Ngizizwa ngibusisekile ngokuthi ngikwazi ukukhokha ama- $ 2,400 ngemithi,” kusho yena. "Ngiyakuqonda ukuthi abanye abantu abakwazi."

Uqhubeke nohlelo olufanayo lokwelashwa kwaze kwaba ngonyaka odlule, lapho umhlinzeki wakhe womshuwalense emtshela ukuthi ngeke usasibekela lesi sidakamizwa - nhlobo. Ngaphandle kwesizathu sobudokotela, umhlinzeki wakhe womshuwalense wamtshela ukuthi ngeke umboze uVictoza kodwa uzokhipha omunye umuthi, iTrulicity (dulaglutide).

Izindleko eziphelele zeTrulicity zazibekwe kuma- $ 2,200 ngokuthengwa ngakunye kwezinsuku ezingama-90 ngo-2018. Kepha ngemuva kokushaya imali yakhe ebanjwayo yonyaka, wakhokha u- $ 875 ngokugcwalisa ngakunye okuthengwe e-United States.

“Amakhadi Okonga” Abakhiqizi atholakala kokubili iTrulicity neVictoza, kanye neminye imithi, engasiza abantu abanomshuwalense wezempilo wangasese ngezindleko. Ukulondolozwa okuphezulu kweTrulicity kungama- $ 450 kokunikezwa kwezinsuku ezingama-90. KwiVictoza, imali esongiwayo enkulu ingama- $ 300 yokuthengwa kwezinsuku ezingama-90.

NgoDisemba, uShelby nomyeni wakhe bavakashela eMexico futhi bamiswa ikhemisi lendawo ukwenza ukuqhathanisa kwentengo. Ngokunikezwa kwezinsuku ezingama-90, umuthi wawunentengo engu- $ 475.

Ekhaya, uShelby ubheke isilinganiso somhlinzeki wakhe womshuwalense ngeTrulicity yango-2019. Ngemuva kokufaka umuthi enqoleni yakhe nge-oda eliku-inthanethi, intengo yafika ku- $ 4,486.

Manje, angazi noma ngabe yilokho engizogcina ngikukhokhile yini, "kusho uShelby," ngoba kwesinye isikhathi izilinganiso zabo azikho ngqo [kwesokudla]. Kepha uma kunjalo, ngicabanga ukuthi kuzofanele - angazi. Angazi noma ngizoyikhokha noma sengizothuthela kokunye. ”

Ukukhokhela izindleko zokunakekelwa

Imithi yingxenye ebiza kakhulu yohlelo lwamanje lokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sikaShelby.

Kodwa akuzona kuphela izindleko abhekana nazo uma kuziwa ekuphatheni impilo yakhe.

Ngaphandle kokuthenga imishanguzo yesifo sikashukela, ubuye asebenzise i-aspirin yengane ukwehlisa ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi, ama-statin okwehlisa amazinga egazi lakhe egazini, nemithi yegilo yokwelapha i-hypothyroidism.

Lezi zinkinga zezempilo zivame ukuhambisana nohlobo 2 sikashukela. Kukhona ukuxhumana okuseduze phakathi kwalesi simo ne-hypothyroidism. Izinkinga zenhliziyo, njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi, nakho kuvame kakhulu kubantu abane-type 2 yesifo sikashukela.

Izindleko zezokwelapha nezezezimali zohlobo lwesifo sikashukela ezi-2 ziyahlanganiswa. UShelby uphinde wathenga amakhulukhulu ama-strips wokuhlola unyaka ngamunye ukuqapha amazinga kashukela egazini nsuku zonke. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukuthole kushibhile ukuthenga imichilo yokuhlola emashalofini, kunokuba ayinike umhlinzeki wakhe womshuwalense. Ngonyaka odlule, wathola ama-strips wokuhlola mahhala ngokushintshanisa ukuhlola umshayeli we-glucose entsha yomkhiqizi.

Muva nje, uthenge i-glucose monitor (CGM) eqhubekayo elandelela ushukela wakhe wegazi njalo ngaphandle kwemichilo yokuhlola.

"Angikwazi ukusho okwanele ngakho," kusho uShelby etshela abeHealthline. "Ngicabanga ukuthi kufanele banikeze wonke umuntu ophethwe yisifo sikashukela lezi zinhlelo, futhi badinga ukumbozwa ngomshuwalense."

"Angizikholwa izinto engizifundayo," eqhubeka, "kusukela nje ekutheni ngikwazi ukubona igrafu yalapho ushukela wami wegazi ubukhona usuku lonke."

Ngoba uShelby akathathi i-insulin, umhlinzeki wakhe womshuwalense ngeke akhokhele izindleko ze-CGM. Ngakho-ke ukhokhele u- $ 65 ephaketheni umfundi uqobo, kanye no- $ 75 ngayo yonke inzwa ayithengile. Inzwa ngayinye ihlala izinsuku eziyi-14.

UShelby uphinde wabhekana nezindleko ze-copay kanye ne-coinsurance yokuqokwa kochwepheshe nokuhlolwa kwelebhu. Ukusiza ukuphatha nokuqapha isifo sikashukela, uvakashela udokotela we-endocrinologist futhi enze umsebenzi wegazi cishe kabili ngonyaka.

Ngo-2013 watholakala enesifo sesibindi esinamafutha (i-NAFLD) - isimo esingathinta bonke abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Kusukela lapho, uvakashela nongoti wesibindi unyaka nonyaka. Uhlolwe ama-ultrasound wesibindi amaningi kanye nokuhlolwa kwesibindi se-elastography.

UShelby ubuye akhokhele ukuhlolwa kwamehlo konyaka, lapho udokotela wamehlo ehlola khona izimpawu zokulimala kwe-retina nokulahleka kombono okuthinta abantu abaningi abanesifo sikashukela.

Ukhokha ephaketheni ngokubhucungwa njalo ngenyanga kanye nezikhathi ze-yoga ezizimele zamasonto onke, ezimsizayo ukuphatha ukucindezeleka nemiphumela yako engaba khona emazingeni kashukela egazini lakhe. Izinketho ezingabizi kakhulu ziyatholakala - njengamavidiyo we-yoga asekhaya kanye nokuzivocavoca okuphefumulayo - kepha uShelby wenza le mikhuba ngoba imsebenzela kahle.

Ukwenza ushintsho ekudleni kwakhe kuthinte nezindleko zakhe zamasonto onke, ngoba ukudla okunempilo kuvame ukubiza okungaphansi kokukhetha okungenamsoco.

Ukulwela ukwelashwa okungabizi kakhulu

Ngezindlela eziningi, uShelby uzibheka enenhlanhla. Isimo sakhe sezezimali siqinile impela, ngakho-ke akudingeki anikele ngezinto "ezibucayi" ukuze akwazi ukunakekelwa ngosizo lwezempilo.

Ngabe ngincamela ukusebenzisa imali yami kwezinye izinto, njengokuhamba, nokudla, nemoto entsha? Impela, ”kuqhuba yena. "Kodwa nginenhlanhla eyanele yokuthi akudingeki ngidele izinto ukuze ngikwazi ukuzithenga."

Kuze kube manje, uvikele izinkinga ezinzima ezibangelwa yisifo sikashukela.

Lezo zinkinga zingabandakanya isifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi, ukwehluleka kwezinso, ukulimala kwezinzwa, ukulahleka kombono, izinkinga zokuzwa, ukutheleleka okunzima nezinye izinkinga zempilo.

Izinkinga ezinjalo zingathinta kabi impilo nekhwalithi yempilo yabantu abanesifo sikashukela, ngenkathi zandisa kakhulu izindleko zabo zokwelashwa. Ucwaningo lwango-2013 luthole ukuthi kwabesifazane abatholakala benesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 phakathi kweminyaka engama-25 nengama-44 ubudala, izindleko zokwelashwa eziqonde ngqo empilweni yokwelapha lesi simo kanye nezinkinga ezihambisana nazo kwakungu- $ 130,800.

Ocwaningweni, izindleko ezihlobene nenkinga zibalwa cishe ingxenye yesilinganiso samanani entengo. Lokho kusho ukuthi ukugwema lezo zinkinga kungaba ukonga imali enkulu.

Ukusiza ukuqwashisa ngezinselelo zezezimali abantu abaningi abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ababhekene nazo, uShelby waba ngummeli wesiguli.

"I-American Diabetes Association ixhasa okuthile minyaka yonke okubizwa ngeCall to Congress ngoMashi," esho. “Ngiye kwababili bokugcina, futhi ngizoya futhi ngoMashi. Ngakho lelo yithuba lokutshela abomthetho izindaba ezinjengalezi. ”

“Ngisebenzisa wonke amathuba engikwazi ngawo ukwenza izikhulu engizikhethile ukuthi zazi konke esibhekana nakho,” engeza.

UShelby usiza nokwenza amaqembu amabili okweseka abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ngenhlangano eyaziwa ngeDiabetesSisters.

"Iqembu nje labantu bonke ababhekene nalokhu obhekene nakho," esho, "futhi nje ukwesekwa okungokomzwelo okunikeza futhi ukwenze kulezo zinhlobo zezindawo kube kukhulu kakhulu."

"Ngicabanga ukuthi noma ngubani onesifo esingelapheki kufanele azame ukuthola iqembu elinjalo," esho, "ngoba lisiza kakhulu."

• Ama-23% athe abenombono omuhle.
• U-18% uthe uthola ukuzivocavoca umzimba okwanele.
• U-16% uthe bekulawula izimpawu.
• U-9% uthe kungukusebenza kwemithi.

Qaphela: Amaphesenti asuselwa kudatha evela kusesho lwe-Google oluhlobene nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela.

Nazi ezinye izinsiza ongazithola ziwusizo:

• U-34% uthe kugcina ukudla okunempilo.
• Ama-23% athe abenombono omuhle.
• U-16% uthe bekulawula izimpawu.
• U-9% uthe kungukusebenza kwemithi.

Qaphela: Amaphesenti asuselwa kudatha evela kusesho lwe-Google oluhlobene nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela.

Ngokuya ngempendulo yakho, nayi insiza engakusiza:

• U-34% uthe kugcina ukudla okunempilo.
• Ama-23% athe abenombono omuhle.
• U-18% uthe uthola ukuzivocavoca umzimba okwanele.
• U-16% uthe bekulawula izimpawu.

Qaphela: Amaphesenti asuselwa kudatha evela kusesho lwe-Google oluhlobene nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela.

Nazi ezinye izinsiza ongazithola ziwusizo:

• U-34% uthe kugcina ukudla okunempilo.
• U-18% uthe uthola ukuzivocavoca umzimba okwanele.
• U-16% uthe bekulawula izimpawu.
• U-9% uthe kungukusebenza kwemithi.

Qaphela: Amaphesenti asuselwa kudatha evela kusesho lwe-Google oluhlobene nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela.

Nazi ezinye izinsiza ongazithola ziwusizo:

• U-34% uthe kugcina ukudla okunempilo.
• Ama-23% athe abenombono omuhle.
• U-18% uthe uthola ukuzivocavoca umzimba okwanele.
• U-9% uthe kungukusebenza kwemithi.

Qaphela: Amaphesenti asuselwa kudatha evela kusesho lwe-Google oluhlobene nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela.

Ngokuya ngempendulo yakho, nazi ezinye izinsiza ezingakusiza: