I-Craniopharyngioma: kuyini, izimpawu eziyinhloko, ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa
• Yelashwa kanjani
• Izinkinga ezingenzeka
• Ingabe i-craniopharyngioma iyelapheka?

I-Craniopharyngioma uhlobo olungajwayelekile lwesimila, kepha luyingozi. Lesi isimila sithinta isifunda sesihlalo saseTurkey, esimisweni sezinzwa esiphakathi (CNS), sithinta indlala ebuchosheni ebizwa nge-pituitary gland, ekhipha ama-hormone ukwenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yomzimba, futhi njengoba isimila sikhula singafinyelela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.ubuchopho futhi kuphazamise ukusebenza komzimba.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-craniopharyngioma, i-adamantinomatous, okuyiyo evame kakhulu futhi ethinta izingane eziningi kunabantu abadala, nohlobo lwe-papillary, oluyivelakancane futhi oluvame kakhulu kubantu abadala. Zombili zivela ekukhubazekeni ekwakhekeni kwamangqamuzana obuchopho, futhi izimpawu ziyafana, ezinekhanda, ukulahleka okuphelele noma okuncane kombono, izinkinga zokukhula ezinganeni kanye ne-hormone dysregulation kubantu abadala.

Ukwelashwa kwalolu hlobo lwesimila kungenziwa ngokuhlinzwa, i-radiotherapy, i-brachytherapy kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithi. I-Craniopharyngioma inokuvuselelwa okunzima, kepha ngokwelashwa okufanele, kungenzeka uphile ngekhwalithi engcono yokuphila futhi unezinhlayiyana ezimbalwa ze-neurological, visual and endocrine sequelae.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Yize kwezinye izimo izimpawu zingavela ngokuzumayo, imvamisa, izimpawu zivela kancane. Ezinye zazo yilezi:

• Kunzima ukubona;
• Izinhlungu ezinzima zekhanda;
• Ukuzizwa kwengcindezi ekhanda;
• Ukulahleka kwememori nokukhubazeka kokufunda;
• Kunzima ukulala;
• Ukuzuza ngokushesha okukhulu kwesisindo;
• Isifo sikashukela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-craniopharyngioma iguqula amazinga ama-hormone, angadala ukuya esikhathini okungajwayelekile nobunzima bokugcina noma ukuthola ukwakheka futhi, ezinganeni, kungadala ukubambezeleka kokukhula.

Njengoba i-craniopharyngioma iyinhlobo engavamile yesimila futhi ibangela izimpawu ezifana nezinye izifo, kaningi kunzima ukuyixilonga, ukutholwa isikhathi ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu. Ngakho-ke, lapho nje kuvela izimpawu, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wezinzwa, njengoba ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kusiza ekwenziweni kokwelapha okuncane kakhulu nokunciphisa izinkinga.

Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa

Ukuxilongwa kwe-craniopharyngioma ekuqaleni kuqukethe ukuhlola izimpawu nokwenza izivivinyo ukuhlola umbono, ukuzwa, ibhalansi, ukuhlangana kokunyakaza komzimba, ingqondo, ukukhula nentuthuko.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela angakhombisa ukusebenza kokuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlaziya amazinga ama-hormone, njenge-hormone yokukhula (GH) ne-luteinizing hormone (LH), njengoba izinguquko kulawa mahomoni zingahle zihlobene ne-craniopharyngioma. Funda kabanzi ngendima ye-luteinizing hormone namanani ayizethenjwa esivivinyweni.

Ukuhlola indawo ngqo kanye nosayizi wesimila, kukhonjiswa nokuhlolwa kwe-imaging okufana nokufanekiswa kwamagnetic resonance kanye ne-computed tomography. Yize kungavamile, kwezinye izimo, udokotela angancoma ukwenza i-biopsy ukukhipha amathuba okuba ngumdlavuza.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ngokuya ngosayizi nendawo ye-craniopharyngioma, i-neurologist ne-neurosurgeon izokhombisa uhlobo lwezokwelapha, olungaba nalokhu:

• Ukuhlinzwa: wenziwa ukususa isimila, esingenziwa ngokusikwa kogebhezi noma nge-catheter yevidiyo, efakwa emakhaleni. Kwezinye izimo, isimila sisuswa kancane ngoba sisondele ezindaweni ezithile zobuchopho;

• I-Radiotherapy: lapho isimila singasuswanga ngokuphelele, kukhonjiswa i-radiotherapy, eyenziwa emshinini okhipha uhlobo lwamandla ngqo kulesimila futhi ngaleyo ndlela isize ukubulala amaseli agulayo;
• I-Brachytherapy: kufana ne-radiotherapy, kepha kulokhu, udokotela ubeka into enemisebe ngaphakathi kwesimila ukubulala amaseli agulayo;
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: siqukethe ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa ezibhubhisa amangqamuzana e-craniopharyngioma;
• Izidakamizwa ezingena esikhundleni seHormone: kungumuthi osebenzela ukulawula amazinga ama-hormone emzimbeni;
• Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe: iqukethe ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa okufinyelela kumaseli ngokushintshwa kwezakhi zofuzo, okufana nezinye izinhlobo ze-craniopharyngioma.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo luyaqhubeka, lapho kufundwa khona izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha nemithi ye-craniopharyngioma kanti ezinye izibhedlela nemitholampilo zivuma abantu ukuthi bazame lezi zindlela zokwelapha.

Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa ezibuyisela ama-hormone kufanele kwenziwe impilo yonke futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqapha okujwayelekile ngudokotela we-endocrinologist nakho kubaluleke kakhulu. Kwezinye izimo, kungadingeka ukuthi uphinde uhlinzwe, ngoba isimila singaphinde sikhule.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka

I-Craniopharyngioma, noma ngabe selashwa, ingadala ushintsho emzimbeni, ngoba ezimweni eziningi, amazinga ama-hormone ahlala eshintshiwe, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ukwelashwa okunconywe ngudokotela. Futhi-ke, lapho ifinyelela engxenyeni yobuchopho ebizwa nge-hypothalamus, ingadala ukukhuluphala okukhulu, ukubambezeleka kokukhula, izinguquko ekuziphatheni, ukungalingani ekushiseni komzimba, ukoma ngokweqile, ukuqwasha nokwenyuka kwengcindezi yegazi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, lapho i-craniopharyngioma inyuka ngosayizi, ingadala ubumpumputhe noma ivimbe izingxenye zokhakhayi, okuholele ekuqongeleleni uketshezi futhi kubangele i-hydrocephalus. Bheka okuningi mayelana ne-hydrocephalus.

Ingabe i-craniopharyngioma iyelapheka?

I-Craniopharyngioma ayinalo ikhambi yingakho kudingekile ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa imishanguzo impilo yakho yonke, ngenxa yezinkinga ze-hormonal, nokuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile nokuhlolwa kwegazi njengoba kunconywe ngudokotela, njengoba isimila singaphinde sibuye. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukwelashwa sekuthuthuke kakhulu, kukuvumela ukuthi uphile isikhathi eside futhi ube nempilo engcono.