Ukuwohloka komqondo: kuyini, izinhlobo, izimpawu nokuthi ungaxilonga kanjani

-Delile

• 1. I-Alzheimer's
• 2. Ukuwohloka komqondo ngemithambo yegazi
• 3. Ukuwohloka komqondo kukaParkinson
• 4. Ukuwohloka komqondo kukaSenile
• 5. Ukuwohloka komqondo kwangaphambili
• 6. Khetha ukuwohloka komqondo
• 7. Ukuwohloka komqondo ngemizimba yeLeyy
• 8. Ukuwohloka komqondo kotshwala

Ukuwohloka komqondo, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-major or mild neurocognitive disorder in DSM-V, kufana noshintsho oluqhubekayo ezindaweni zobuchopho, okuholela ekuguqulweni kwenkumbulo, indlela yokuziphatha, ulimi nobuntu, kuphazamise ngqo izinga lempilo lomuntu.

Ukuwohloka komqondo kungahunyushwa njengeqoqo lezimpawu nezimpawu ezihlobene nezinguquko zobuchopho ezingaba nezimbangela ezahlukahlukene, zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuguga.

Ngokusho kwesizathu nezimpawu ezethulwe ngumuntu, ukuwohloka komqondo kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana, okuyinhloko:

1. I-Alzheimer's

I-Alzheimer's uhlobo oluphambili lokuwohloka komqondo futhi lubonakala ngokuwohloka okuqhubekayo kwama-neurons nemisebenzi engasebenzi kahle yokuqonda. Ukuthuthuka kwe-Alzheimer's kungumphumela wezici eziningi, ezinjengezofuzo, ukuguga, ukungasebenzi komzimba, ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda nokubhema, ngokwesibonelo.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Izimpawu ze-Alzheimer's zikhula ngezigaba, izimpawu zokuqala zihlobene nobunzima ekutholeni amagama nokwenza izinqumo, ukunganakwa kanye nokukhubazeka kwenkumbulo, ukugxila, ukunaka kanye nokucabanga. Nakhu ukuthi ungazibona kanjani izimpawu ze-Alzheimer's.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani: Ukuxilongwa kwe-Alzheimer's kwenziwa ngokuhlola izimpawu ezethulwe ngumlando wesiguli nomtholampilo nomndeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-neurologist ingacela ukuhlolwa okuvumela ukuthi kubonakale izinguquko zobuchopho, ngaphezu kokuhlaziywa kwe-cerebrospinal fluid ukuhlola ukuqoqwa kwamaprotheni we-beta-amyloid avela ku-Alzheimer's.

Kuyanconywa futhi ukuthi kwenziwe izivivinyo zokucabanga, okumele kwenziwe ngudokotela wezifo zezinzwa noma wezokwelapha, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhubazeka kobuchopho. Bona ukuthi ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwe-Alzheimer kwenziwa kanjani.

2. Ukuwohloka komqondo ngemithambo yegazi

I-Vascular dementia uhlobo lwesibili lokuwohloka komqondo, olulandela i-Alzheimer's, futhi lwenzeka lapho ukunikezwa kwegazi kobuchopho kungasebenzi kahle ngenxa yezinkinga ze-cerebrovascular noma zenhliziyo, okuholela ekushintsheni kobuchopho futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukuwohloka komqondo. Ngalesi sizathu, imbangela enkulu yalolu hlobo lokuwohloka komqondo yisifo sohlangothi. Ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi kuyini ukuwohloka komqondo okuyimithambo yegazi, izimpawu zayo nokuthi ungayelapha kanjani.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Kulolu hlobo lokuwohloka komqondo, kunokukhubazeka okukhulu kwengqondo, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu kumuntu ukwenza imisebenzi elula yansuku zonke, okuholela ekuthembekeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuqhubeka kwalesi sifo, lo muntu angase angondleki, abe sengozini yokutheleleka futhi abe nobunzima bokugwinya, ngokwesibonelo.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani: Ukuxilongwa kokuwohloka komqondo kwe-vascular kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo ze-neurological imaging, ezinjenge-magnetic resonance kanye ne-computed tomography, lapho kuguqulwa khona ubuchopho ngenxa yokwehla kokutholakala kwegazi ebuchosheni.

3. Ukuwohloka komqondo kukaParkinson

Ukuwohloka komqondo kukaParkinson kuvela lapho isifo sikaParkinson siba sibi, kube ngumphumela wezinguquko ezenzeka ezingeni lobuchopho, njengoba kunezinguquko ezihlobene nokwazi nokuziphatha komuntu. Kuvame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-50 ubudala futhi imbangela yayo namanje ayikasungulwa kahle, kepha-ke kuyaziwa ukuthi kukhona ukugqoka ezifundeni zobuchopho ezibhekele ukukhiqizwa kwama-neurotransmitters.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Ngaphezu kwezimpawu zesimo sikaParkinson, ezinjengokuthuthumela nokuqina kwemisipha, kunokulahleka okuqhubekayo kwememori nokuguqulwa kwemicabango ngenxa yokuwohloka kwezindawo zobuchopho ezibhekele ukukhiqizwa kwama-neurotransmitters. Bona ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala zikaParkinson's.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani: Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikaParkinson kwenziwa ngudokotela wezinzwa ngokusebenzisa izimpawu nezimpawu ezivezwa yisiguli nangokuhlolwa kwe-imaging, njengokufanekiswa kwamagnetic resonance kanye ne-computed tomography yogebhezi, ngokwesibonelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungahle kuhlolwe ukuhlolwa kwegazi okungafaka ngaphandle eminye imicabango yokuxilonga.

4. Ukuwohloka komqondo kukaSenile

Ukuwohloka komqondo kweSenile kwenzeka kaningi kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-65 ubudala futhi kubonakala ngokulahlekelwa okuqhubekayo nokungalungiseki kwemisebenzi yobuhlakani, njengokukhumbula, ukubonisana nolimi, ngakho-ke kungenye yezimbangela ezinkulu zokukhubazeka kubantu asebekhulile. Lolu hlobo lokuwohloka komqondo luvame ukuba ngumphumela wezifo ezingenayo i-neurodegenerative, njenge-Alzheimer's noma isifo sikaParkinson, ngokwesibonelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungaba ngumphumela wokusetshenziswa kaningi kweminye imithi, njengamaphilisi okulala, ama-anti-depressants kanye nama-relaxant muscle, ngokwesibonelo. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuwohloka komqondo okuncane.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Izimpawu eziyinhloko ezihlobene nokuwohloka komqondo okuncane, ukudideka, ukulahleka kwememori, ubunzima bokuthatha izinqumo, ukukhohlwa izinto ezilula, ukwehla kwesisindo, ukungasebenzi komchamo, ukushayela kanzima noma ukwenza imisebenzi uwedwa, njengokuthenga, ukupheka noma ukushawa, ngokwesibonelo.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani: Ukuxilongwa kwalolu hlobo lokuwohloka komqondo kwenziwa ngokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri, ukukhipha ezinye izifo, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-imaging, njenge-computed tomography yogebhezi nemifanekiso yamagnetic resonance, ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlola ukusebenza kobuchopho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxilongwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokususelwa emlandweni ophelele womtholampilo kanye nokuhlolwa ukuze kuhlolwe inkumbulo nesimo sengqondo, kanye nezinga lokunakwa, ukugxila kanye nokuxhumana.

5. Ukuwohloka komqondo kwangaphambili

I-Frontotemporal dementia noma i-DFT uhlobo lokuwohloka komqondo okubonakala nge-atrophy kanye nokulahleka kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa kwelinye noma kuwo womabili ama-lobes angaphambili nawesikhashana obuchopho. Ama-lobes angaphambili anesibopho sokulawula imizwa nokuziphatha, kanti ama-lobes wesikhashana ahlobene nombono nenkulumo. Ngakho-ke, ngokuya ngokuthi ukuwohloka kobuchopho kwenzeka kuphi, izimpawu zingahluka.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Izimpawu eziyinhloko ezihlobene ne-FTD yizinguquko ekuziphatheni komphakathi, ukuhlukahluka kobuntu, izinguquko olimini, ukwethula inkulumo elinganiselwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu angakwazi ukuphinda amabinzana akhulunywe ngabanye abantu kaningi futhi angakhumbuli amagama ezinto, akwazi ukuzichaza kuphela.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani: I-FTD itholakala ngokuhlolwa kwengqondo, lapho izinguquko zokuziphatha kanye nalezo ezihlobene nombono wezenhlalo ziqinisekiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izivivinyo zinga-odwa, njenge-imaging yobuchopho kanye ne-electroencephalogram. Thola ukuthi i-electroencephalogram yenziwa kanjani.

6. Khetha ukuwohloka komqondo

Ukuwohloka komqondo noma isifo sikaPick, esaziwa nangokuthi yi-PiD, wuhlobo lokuwohloka komqondo kwangaphambi kokubona okubonakala ngamaprotheni amaningi eTau kuma-neurons abizwa ngokuthi izinkomishi zikaPick. Amaprotheni amaningi ngokweqile avame ukwenzeka engxenyeni engaphambili noma yesikhashana futhi ingenye yezimbangela ezinkulu zokulahleka kwenkumbulo zakuqala, ezingaqala kusukela eminyakeni engama-40

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Isifo sikaPick sinezimpawu eziyinhloko ukwehla kwamandla okucabanga, ubunzima bokukhuluma, ukudideka kwengqondo, ukungazinzi ngokomzwelo nokushintsha kobuntu.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani: Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikaPick kwenziwa ngokuhlaziya izimpawu zokuziphatha ezethulwe ngumuntu, okuvame ukwenziwa ngokuhlolwa kwengqondo, ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kwe-imaging, njenge-imagination yama-magnetic resonance, ngokwesibonelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela angacelwa ukuthi ahlole ukuminyana kweprotheni yeTau kuketshezi lwesistimu yezinzwa, futhi ukuqoqwa koketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal kukhonjisiwe.

7. Ukuwohloka komqondo ngemizimba yeLeyy

Ukuwohloka komqondo ngemizimba yeLewy kufana nokubandakanyeka kwezifunda ezithile zobuchopho ngenxa yobukhona bezakhiwo zamaprotheni, ezaziwa njengemizimba yeLewy, ekhula ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana obuchopho futhi ibangele ukonakala nokufa kwayo, okuholela ekuwohlokeni komqondo. Lolu hlobo lokuwohloka komqondo luvame kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 futhi lungenzeka ngasikhathi sinye ne-Alzheimer's Disease, isibonelo. Funda ukuthi ungasibona kanjani futhi uselaphe ukuwohloka komqondo ngemizimba yeLewy.

​Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Abantu abatholakale benalolu hlobo lokuwohloka komqondo banezimpawu eziyinhloko zokulahlekelwa amandla engqondo, ukudideka kwengqondo, ukudideka, ukubona izinto ezingekho, ukuthuthumela nokuqina kwemisipha. Imvamisa izinguquko zengqondo zivela kuqala futhi, njengoba kunokubandakanyeka okukhulu kobuchopho, izinguquko ekunyakazeni ziyavela nokudideka kwengqondo kuba kubi ngokwengeziwe.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani: Ukuxilongwa kokuwohloka komqondo ngemizimba yeLeyy kumele kwenziwe udokotela wezinzwa ngokuhlola izimpawu, umlando wesiguli nomndeni wezokwelapha kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-imaging, okufana ne-computed tomography noma i-magnetic resonance imaging, ukuze kutholakale ukonakala kwezinye izingxenye zobuchopho.

8. Ukuwohloka komqondo kotshwala

Ukuhlangana phakathi kokuphuza ngokweqile iziphuzo ezidakayo kanye nesimo esikhulu sokuwohloka komqondo kusasafundwa, kepha sekuvele kufakazelwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kweziphuzo ezidakayo kuphazamisa inkumbulo, amandla okuqonda nokuziphatha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi utshwala bungaba nomthelela omubi kumaseli ezinzwa, kuguqule ukusebenza kwawo futhi kuholele ezimpawu zokuwohloka komqondo, isibonelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ukuphuza ngokweqile kuhambisana nokudla okunevithamini B1 ephansi, kungahle kube nokulimala kobuchopho okungenakulungiseka. Bona ukuthi yikuphi ukudla okunothe ku-vitamin B1.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Ubunzima bokufunda, ukushintsha kobuntu, ukwehla kwamakhono omphakathi, ubunzima ekucabangeni okunengqondo nasekushintsheni kwenkumbulo yesikhashana yizimpawu zesifo sokuwohloka komqondo esibangelwa utshwala.