Izinketho ezintsha zokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa zesifo sikashukela

-Delile

• Imithi emisha yesifo sikashukela
• Izidakamizwa ezintsha zomlomo
• I-Xigduo XR
• Okufanayo
• UGlyxambi
• Ngobese
• I-Segluromet
• I-Steglatro
• Imijovo emisha
• UTresiba
• IBasaglar neToujeo
• I-Xultophy
• Soliqua
• Ozempic
• I-Adlyxin
• I-Ryzodeg
• Imithi yesifo sikashukela ekukhuleni
• Izidakamizwa zesifo sikashukela ezivame ukusetshenziswa
• Imithi yomlomo
• Ama-Biguanides afana ne-metformin
• I-Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
• I-Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-IV inhibitors)
• Meglitinides
• I-Sodium-glucose co-Transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2)
• I-Sulfonylureas
• Abongile
• Imithi yokuhlanganiswa
• Imithi yokujova
• I-insulini
• I-analogue ye-Amylin
• I-Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (i-GLP-1 agonists)
• Izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha umuthi

NgoMeyi 2020, okunconywayo ukuthi abanye abenzi be-metformin enwetshiwe bakhiphe amanye amaphilisi abo emakethe yase-U.S. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinga elingamukeleki le-carcinogen (i-agent ebangela umdlavuza) itholakale kwamanye amaphilisi e-metformin akhululwa isikhathi eside. Uma okwamanje uthatha lo muthi, shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Bazokweluleka ngokuthi ngabe kufanele uqhubeke nokudla imishanguzo yakho noma uma udinga incwadi kadokotela entsha.

Uma unesifo sikashukela, umzimba wakho unenkinga yokuphatha i-insulin. I-insulin yinto ekhiqizwa amanyikwe akho esiza umzimba wakho ukusebenzisa i-glucose (ushukela) ekudleni okudlayo. I-insulini ihambisa i-glucose isuka egazini lakho iye kumaseli akho, ayisebenzisela amandla. Kodwa uma umzimba wakho ungayenzi i-insulin eyanele noma ungayisebenzisi kahle, i-glucose ihlala egazini lakho. Ukuba namazinga aphezulu eglucose isikhathi eside kungalimaza izingxenye zomzimba wakho.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zesifo sikashukela: uhlobo 1 nohlobo 2. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 abakwazi ukuzakhela i-insulin. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 bangenza i-insulin, kodwa imizimba yabo ayikwazi ukuyisebenzisa kahle.

Yize umuthi okuwukuphela kwawo osetshenziswa ukwelapha abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 yi-insulin, iza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ngakolunye uhlangothi, banezinhlobo eziningi zezinketho zemithi. Eqinisweni, kungadingeka ukuthi bathathe izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweyodwa zemithi yokwelapha isimo sabo.

Funda ukuze ufunde ngezinketho ezintsha zezidakamizwa zesifo sikashukela nezidakamizwa ezenziwayo njengamanje, kanye nemithi ejwayele ukusetshenziswa kuzo zombili izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela.

Imithi emisha yesifo sikashukela

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwakhiwa izidakamizwa eziningana zesifo sikashukela. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izidakamizwa zomlomo kanye nemijovo.

Izidakamizwa ezintsha zomlomo

Ngaphandle kweSteglatro, equkethe umuthi owodwa kuphela, imishanguzo emisha yomlomo esetshenziselwa ukwelapha uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela i-2 yonke iyizidakamizwa ezihlanganisiwe. Bobabili bahlanganisa imishanguzo emibili esetshenziselwe ukwelapha uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Le mithi yonke yimithi enegama lomkhiqizo engenawo amafomu ejwayelekile.

I-Xigduo XR

I-Xigduo XR, eza njengethebhulethi yomlomo ekhishwe isikhathi eside ekhishwe amahora angama-24, yamukelwa ukuthi isetshenziswe ngo-2014. I-Xigduo XR ihlanganisa i-metformin ne-dapagliflozin. I-Metformin isiza ukwenza izicubu zomzimba zizwele kakhulu ku-insulin. I-Dapagliflozin ivimba enye i-glucose ohlelweni lwakho ukuthi ingangeni futhi egazini lakho ngezinso zakho. Futhi kubangela ukuthi umzimba wakho ususe i-glucose eyengeziwe ngomchamo wakho.

Okufanayo

I-Synjardy, eza njengethebhulethi yomlomo, yamukelwa ukuthi isetshenziswe ngo-2015. Ihlanganisa izidakamizwa i-metformin ne-empagliflozin. I-Empagliflozin isebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-dapagliflozin.

UGlyxambi

IGlyxambi, nayo eza njengethebhulethi yomlomo, yamukelwa ukuthi isetshenziswe ngo-2015. Ihlanganisa izidakamizwa linagliptin ne-empagliflozin. ILinagliptin ivimba ukonakala kwamahomoni athile emzimbeni wakho atshela amanyikwe akho ukuthi enze futhi akhiphe i-insulin. Kubambezela nokugayeka kwakho, okwenza ukubambezeleka kweglucose kungene egazini lakho.

Ngobese

I-Steglujan, eza njengethebhulethi yomlomo, yamukelwa ngasekupheleni kuka-2017. Ihlanganisa i-ertugliflozin ne-sitagliptin.

I-Ertugliflozin isebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-empagliflozin. ISitagliptin ivimba ukonakala kwamahomoni athile emzimbeni wakho atshela amanyikwe akho ukuthi enze futhi akhiphe i-insulin. Kubambezela nokugayeka kokudla kwakho, okubambezela ukumuncwa kweglucose egazini lakho.

I-Segluromet

I-Segluromet, eza njengethebhulethi yomlomo, yamukelwa ngasekupheleni kuka-2017. Ihlanganisa i-ertugliflozin ne-metformin.

I-Steglatro

ISteglatro, eza njengethebhulethi yomlomo, yamukelwa ngasekupheleni kuka-2017. Yifomu elinegama lomuthi i-ertugliflozin. Isebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-empagliflozin. Njengezidakamizwa ezihlanganisiwe kulolu hlu, uSteglatro usetshenziselwa ukwelapha uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Imijovo emisha

Le mijovo emisha enegama lomkhiqizo ayitholakali njengemithi ejwayelekile. Zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo olungu-2, noma zombili uhlobo 1 nohlobo 2 sikashukela.

Le mithi iqukethe uhlobo lwe-insulin, i-GLP-1 agonist, noma kokubili. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-insulin ejoyiwe zithatha indawo ye-insulin umzimba wakho ongayenzi noma ongakwazi ukuyisebenzisa kahle. Ama-receptor agonists afana ne-Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) asiza ama-pancreas akho ukukhipha i-insulin eyengeziwe lapho izinga lakho le-glucose liphakeme. Zibuye zinciphise ukumuncwa kwe-glucose ngesikhathi sokugaya.

UTresiba

I-Tresiba, eyavunywa ngo-2015, inguhlobo lomkhiqizo lomuthi i-insulin degludec. Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha zombili izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2.

I-Tresiba iyi-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside efika emahoreni angama-42. Le yinde kune-insulin esetshenziswa kakhulu. Kujova kanye nsuku zonke.

IBasaglar neToujeo

IBasaglar neToujeo yizinhlobo ezimbili ezintsha ze-insulin glargine. Zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha zombili izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2, futhi zombili zifakwa kanye ngosuku.

I-Basaglar yisidakamizwa esisebenza isikhathi eside se-insulin esivunyelwe ngo-2015. Sifana nomunye umuthi we-insulin glargine obizwa ngeLantus. I-Toujeo iyindlela egxile kakhulu ye-insulin glargine. Kwavunyelwa ukusetshenziswa ngo-2015.

I-Xultophy

I-Xultophy yamukelwa ngo-2016. Isetshenziselwa kuphela ukwelapha uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. I-Xultophy ijojowe kanye ngosuku.

I-Xultophy ihlanganisa i-insulin degludec, i-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside, ne-liraglutide, i-agonist ye-GLP-1.

Soliqua

I-Soliqua yamukelwa ngo-2016. Isetshenziswa kuphela ukwelapha uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Kujova kanye ngosuku.

I-Soliqua ihlanganisa umuthi i-insulin glargine ne-lixisenatide, i-GLP-1 receptor agonist.

Ozempic

I-Ozempic yamukelwa ngasekupheleni kuka-2017. Isetshenziselwa kuphela ukwelapha uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. I-Ozempic yigama lomkhiqizo le-agonist ye-GLP-1 ebizwa nge-semaglutide. Kujova kanye ngesonto.

I-Adlyxin

I-Adlyxin yamukelwa ngo-2016. Isetshenziselwa kuphela ukwelapha uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. I-Adlyxin inguhlobo lomkhiqizo lwe-GLP-1 agonist ebizwa nge-lixisenatide. Kujova kanye nsuku zonke.

I-Ryzodeg

IRyzodeg yamukelwa ngo-2016 kepha ayikatholakali. Yenzelwe ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha zombili izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2. I-Ryzodeg ihlanganisa i-insulin degludec ne-insulin aspart. Yenzelwe ukujova kanye noma kabili nsuku zonke.

Imithi yesifo sikashukela ekukhuleni

Ngaphezu kwale mithi emisha, kunezidakamizwa eziningana zesifo sikashukela ezisathuthuka njengamanje. Le mithi ihlanganisa:

• I-Oral-Lyn. Lesi sidakamizwa esinegama lomkhiqizo siza njengesifutho se-insulin somlomo esisebenza ngokushesha. Yenzelwe ukwelapha zombili izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2.
• Umdanso 501. Lo mshini we-aerosol uqukethe i-insulin engamanzi ehloselwe ukuhogela ngesikhathi sokudla. Yenzelwe ukwelapha zombili izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2.

Izidakamizwa zesifo sikashukela ezivame ukusetshenziswa

Manje njengoba wazi ngemithi emisha nezizayo yesifo sikashukela, nalu uhlu lwezinye izidakamizwa zesifo sikashukela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu njengamanje. Eminye yale mithi iyizakhi zemithi emisha yokuhlanganiswa ebhalwe ngenhla, kanye nemithi yokuhlanganiswa yakudala ebhalwe ngezansi.

Imithi yomlomo

Amaqembu alandelayo emithi asetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Zonke ziza njengamaphilisi omlomo. IMetformin nayo iza njengesisombululo somlomo.

Ama-Biguanides afana ne-metformin

I-Metformin imvamisa iyisidakamizwa sokuqala esisetshenziselwa ukwelapha uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili. Isebenza ngokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-glucose esibindi sakho. Futhi kwenza izicubu zomzimba wakho zizwele kakhulu ku-insulin. Lokhu kusiza izicubu ukuthi zimunce i-glucose.

IMetformin ibuye ihlanganiswe neminye imishanguzo yomlomo yokwehlisa inani lamaphilisi odinga ukuwaphuza.

I-Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Le mithi yehlisa noma ivimbe ukonakala kwama-carbohydrate emzimbeni wakho. Ama-carbohydrate anokudla okunesitashi noma okunoshukela. Lesi senzo sinciphisa ukumuncwa kweglucose egazini lakho. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

• acarbose
• miglitol

I-Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-IV inhibitors)

Le mithi ivimba ukonakala kwamahomoni athile emzimbeni wakho atshela amanyikwe akho ukuthi enze futhi akhiphe i-insulin. Le mithi ibuye inciphise ukugaya ukudla, okunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-glucose egazini lakho. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

• alogliptin
• linagliptin
• sifile
• isithupha

Meglitinides

Le mithi itshela amanyikwe akho ukuthi akhiphe i-insulin. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

• nutslinide
• umabhebhana

I-Sodium-glucose co-Transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2)

Le mithi ivimba ushukela othile ohlelweni lwakho ekungeniseni kabusha igazi lakho ngezinso zakho. Zenza nokuthi umzimba wakho ususe i-glucose eningi ngomchamo wakho. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

• canagliflozin
• dapagliflozin
• empagliflozin
• ertugliflozin

I-Sulfonylureas

Le mithi idala ukuthi amanyikwe akho akhiphe i-insulin eyengeziwe. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

• sphamandla
• glipizide
• i-glyburide

Abongile

Le mithi yenza izicubu ezisemzimbeni wakho zizwele kakhulu kwi-insulin. Lokhu kusiza umzimba wakho ukusebenzisa kakhulu ushukela osegazini lakho. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

• imvuzone
• mthombeni

Imithi yokuhlanganiswa

Ngaphezu kokusha okubalulwe ngenhla, sekukhona isikhashana imishanguzo yokuhlanganiswa etholakalayo. Imithi yokuhlanganiswa kwabantu abadala ifaka okulandelayo:

• I-Duetact ithebhulethi ehlanganisa i-pioglitazone ne-glimepiride.
• UJanumet ithebhulethi ehlanganisa i-sitagliptin ne-metformin.
• Umuthi ojwayelekile oza njengethebhulethi uyahlangana metformin nge glipizide.
• Izidakamizwa imvuzone futhi mthombeni ngayinye iyatholakala ngefomu lethebhulethi ngokuhlangana ne- metformin.

Imithi yokujova

Izigaba ezilandelayo zemithi ziza ngezindlela zokujova.

I-insulini

Ukujova i-insulin kusebenza njengokungena esikhundleni se-insulin umzimba wakho ongayenzi noma ongakwazi ukuyisebenzisa kahle. Ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 noma uhlobo lwesibili.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-insulin ziyatholakala. Ezinye izinhlobo zisebenza ngokushesha. Lezi zinhlobo zisiza ukulawula izinga lakho le-glucose egazini ngesikhathi sokudla. Ezinye izinhlobo zisebenza isikhathi eside. Lezi zinhlobo zilawula izinga leglucose egazini lakho imini nobusuku.

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-insulin zifaka:

• i-insulin aspart
• i-insulin degludec
• insulini glargine

I-analogue ye-Amylin

I-analogue ye-amylin ebizwa nge-pramlintide ithathwa ngaphambi kokudla. Kuyasiza ukunciphisa inani le-insulin oyidingayo. Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha zombili izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 nohlobo 2.

I-Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (i-GLP-1 agonists)

Le mithi isiza amanyikwe akho akhiphe i-insulin eyengeziwe lapho izinga lakho le-glucose liphakeme. Zibuye zinciphise ukumuncwa kwe-glucose ngesikhathi sokugaya. Le mithi isetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kuphela.

Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

• albiglutide
• dulaglutide
• okweqile
• liraglutide
• semaglide

Izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha umuthi

Ngenkathi imithi eminingi ephumelelayo yesifo sikashukela ibisemakethe iminyaka, imishanguzo emisha inganikeza izinzuzo ezingatholakali ngemithi esetshenziswa kakhulu.

Khumbula, kungenzeka ukuthi asikayazi yonke imiphumela emibi nokuhlangana kwemithi emisha. Futhi, imishanguzo emisha ingabiza ngaphezu kwezidakamizwa ezindala, noma kungenzeka ingakatholwa yizinhlelo eziningi zomshuwalense. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lwakho lomshuwalense lungahle luthande imishanguzo ethile kunezinye, noma lungadinga ukuthi wenze isivivinyo semithi emidala, engabizi kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba imboze imishanguzo emisha ebiza kakhulu.

Kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho uma ucabangela izinketho ezintsha zesidakamizwa sikashukela. Xoxa nomlando wakho wezokwelapha ophelele nodokotela wakho, kanye nayo yonke imithi nezithako ozithathayo. Ngokubambisana, wena nodokotela wakho ninganquma ukuthi imiphi imishanguzo emisha, uma ikhona, engakulungela.