I-Euthanasia, i-orthothanasia noma i-dysthanasia: ziyini nokwehluka

-Delile

• 1. IDysthanasia
• 2. Ukubulawa kwesiguli
• 3. I-Orthothanasia

I-Dystanasia, i-euthanasia ne-orthothanasia yimigomo ekhombisa izindlela zokwelashwa ezihlobene nokufa kwesiguli. Ngokuvamile, ukubulawa kwesiguli kungachazwa njengesenzo "sokulindela ukufa", i-dysthanasia ngokuthi "ukufa okuhamba kancane, nokuhlupheka", kuyilapho i-orthothanasia imele "ukufa kwemvelo, ngaphandle kokulindela noma ukwandiswa".

Le mikhuba yezokwelapha ixoxwa kabanzi kumongo we-bioethics, okuyindawo ephenya ngezimo ezidingekayo zokuphathwa okufanele ngempilo yabantu, yezilwane neyendawo ezungezile, njengoba imibono ingahluka maqondana nokwesekwa noma cha kwale mikhuba.

Okulandelayo umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-dysthanasia, i-euthanasia ne-orthothanasia:

1. IDysthanasia

IDysthanasia yigama lezokwelapha elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza indlela yezokwelapha ehlobene nokufa kwesiguli futhi ehambelana nokwelula impilo ngokungadingekile ngokusebenzisa imithi engaletha ukuhlupheka kumuntu.

Ngakho-ke, njengoba ithuthukisa ukwandiswa kobuhlungu nokuhlupheka, i-dysthanasia ibhekwa njengomkhuba wezokwelapha omubi, ngoba, yize iqeda izimpawu, ayilithuthukisi ikhwalithi yempilo yomuntu, okwenza ukufa kuhambe kancane futhi kube buhlungu kakhulu.

2. Ukubulawa kwesiguli

I-Euthanasia isenzo sokunciphisa impilo yomuntu, okungukuthi, njengesimiso sokuqeda ukuhlupheka komuntu onesifo esibi futhi esingelapheki, lapho kungasekho ukwelashwa okungenziwa ukwenza ngcono isimo somtholampilo womuntu.

Kodwa-ke, ukubulawa kwesiguli akukho emthethweni emazweni amaningi, ngoba kubandakanya impilo yomuntu. Ochwepheshe abamele lo mkhuba bathi impilo yomuntu ayinakuphikiswa, futhi akekho onelungelo lokuyifushanisa, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, kunzima kakhulu ukuchaza ukuthi yibaphi abantu abangakhululwa ekuhluphekeni kwabo ngaphandle kokuthi balindele ukufa kwabo.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-euthanasia, ezichaza kangcono ukuthi lokhu kulindela ukufa kuzokwenziwa kanjani, futhi kufaka phakathi:

• I-euthanasia esebenzayo yokuzithandela: kwenziwa ngokuhlinzeka ngemithi noma ukwenza inqubo ethile yokuholela isiguli ekufeni, ngemuva kwemvume yaso;
• Usizile ukuzibulala: kuyisenzo esenziwa lapho udokotela ehlinzeka ngemithi ukuze isiguli uqobo sifushanise impilo yaso;
• I-euthanasia esebenzayo engazibandakanyi: ukuphathwa kwemithi noma ukusebenza kwezinqubo zokuholela isiguli ekufeni, esimweni lapho isiguli singazange sivume ngaphambilini. Lo mkhuba awukho emthethweni kuwo wonke amazwe.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kunendlela ehlukile yokubulawa kwesiguli ebizwa ngokuthi i-passive euthanasia, ebonakala ngokumiswa noma ukunqanyulwa kwemithi yokwelapha egcina impilo yesiguli, ngaphandle kokunikeza noma imuphi umuthi ngesifinyezo sayo. Leli gama alisetshenziswa kabanzi, njengoba kubhekwa ukuthi, kulokhu, akubangeli ukufa komuntu, kepha livumela isiguli ukuthi sife ngokwemvelo, futhi lingahle lakhiwe ekwenziweni kwe-orthothanasia.

3. I-Orthothanasia

I-Orthothanasia ingumkhuba wezokwelapha lapho kukhuthazwa khona ukufa kwemvelo, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukwelashwa okungasizi kangako, okuhlasela noma okwenziwe ukugcina umuntu ephila nokwandisa ukufa, njengokuphefumula ngamadivayisi, ngokwesibonelo.

I-Orthothanasia yenziwa ngokunakekelwa kwe-palliative, okuyindlela efuna ukugcina izinga lempilo yesiguli, nomndeni waso, ezimweni zezifo ezimbi futhi ezingalapheki, okusiza ukulawula izimpawu zomzimba, ezingokwengqondo nezenhlalo. Qonda ukuthi yini ukunakekelwa okunciphisayo nokuthi kukhonjiswa nini.

Ngakho-ke, kwi-orthothanasia, ukufa kubhekwa njengento ethile engokwemvelo ukuthi wonke umuntu azodlula kuyo, afune inhloso engeyona yokunciphisa noma yokuhlehlisa ukufa, kepha kunalokho ukufuna indlela engcono yokudlula kukho, ukugcina isithunzi salowo muntu. ngubani ogulayo.