I-Dystonia: kuyini, izimpawu eziyinhloko nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-dystonia
• Yelashwa kanjani
• 1. Imijovo yeBotox
• 2. Izixazululo ze-dystonia
• 3. I-Physiotherapy ye-dystonia
• 4. Ukuhlinzwa kwe-dystonia

IDystonia ibonakala ngokuncipha kwemisipha okungazibandakanyi nama-spasms angalawuleki, avame ukuphindeka futhi angadala ukuma okungajwayelekile, okungajwayelekile futhi okubuhlungu.

Imvamisa, kuvela i-dystonia yemisipha ngenxa yenkinga yobuchopho ohlelweni lwezinzwa, olubhekele ukulawula ukunyakaza kwemisipha. Le nkinga ebuchosheni ingaba ufuzo noma ivele ngenxa yesifo noma ukulimala okufana nokushaywa unhlangothi, isifo sikaParkinson, ukushaya ekhanda noma encephalitis.

IDystonia ayinawo amakhambi, kepha izinhlungu zemisipha zingalawulwa ngokwelashwa, okungenziwa ngemijovo yetyhefu ye-botulinum, eyaziwa nge-botox, izidakamizwa, i-physiotherapy noma ukuhlinzwa.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-dystonia

Izimpawu zingahluka ngokuya ngezifunda ezithintekile nohlobo lwe-dystonia:

• I-dystonia egxile: kuthinta isifunda esisodwa kuphela somzimba, kubangele ukuphambana okungazibandakanyi nokuqaqamba kwemisipha ethintekile. Isibonelo esivamile i-dystonia yomlomo wesibeletho, ethinta intamo, ibangele izimpawu ezinjengokutsheka okungazibophezeli kwentamo phambili, emuva noma eceleni, ngobuhlungu nokuqina;
• I-dystonia eyingxenye: kuthinta izifunda ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezixhunyanisiwe, njengoba kunjalo nge-oromandibular dystonia, ethinta imisipha yobuso, ulimi nomhlathi, futhi ingadala ukuphazamiseka kobuso nokuvuleka noma ukuvalwa komlomo ngokungazikhetheli;
• I-multifocal dystonia: kuthinta izifunda ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zomzimba, ezingaxhunyanisiwe, njengengalo yangakwesobunxele kanye nomlenze wesobunxele, ngokwesibonelo, okwenza izicubu zemisipha ezingazibandakanyi eqenjini lemisipha ethintekile;
• I-dystonia ejwayelekile: kuthinta isiqu kanye okungenani nezinye izingxenye ezimbili zomzimba. Imvamisa iqala ebuntwaneni noma ebusheni futhi iqala ngokuncipha kokuzibandakanya kwenye yezitho zomzimba, bese isakazeka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba;

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo muntu angahle abe ne-hemidystonia, lapho kuthinteka khona uhlangothi lonke lomzimba, lubangele ukuqhuma okungazibandakanyi nokuqina kwemisipha kulo lonke uhlangothi lomzimba.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwe-dystonia kunenhloso eyinhloko yokulawula ukuphambana kwemisipha okungazibandakanyi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kuthuthukisa ukubukeka komuntu nekhwalithi yempilo.

Ukhetho lokwelashwa kufanele lwenziwe ngudokotela, ngokusho kohlobo nohlobo lwe-dystonia:

1. Imijovo yeBotox

IDystonia ingelashwa ngemijovo yobuthi be-botulinum, obaziwa ngokuthi yi-botox, ngoba le nto isiza ukunciphisa ukwehla kwemisipha okungazibandakanyi okuyisici salesi sifo.

Imijovo ye-Botox ilawulwa ngudokotela ngqo emisipheni ethintekile, imvamisa njalo ezinyangeni ezi-3 futhi kuyinto ejwayelekile ukuzwa ubuhlungu endaweni yokujova izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imijovo ye-botox ingadala eminye imiphumela emibi, kuya ngesiza somjovo, njengobunzima bokugwinya, uma kwenzeka i-dystonia yomlomo wesibeletho, ngokwesibonelo.

2. Izixazululo ze-dystonia

Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kwe-dystonia kungafaka ukusetshenziswa kwamakhambi alandelayo:

• ILevodopa neCarbidopa: esetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ama-spasms angazibandakanyi;
• I-Tetrabenazine: kuboniswe ekwelapheni izifo ezibonakala ngokunyakaza okungalawuleki okungalawuleki;
• I-Triexiphenidyl: umuthi we-anticholinergic, osebenza ngokuvimba ukukhishwa kwe-acetylcholine, enesibopho sokubanga ukuqhuma kwemisipha;
• Baclofen: kunciphisa ukuqina kwemisipha futhi kuxegise imisipha;
• I-Diazepam ne-lorazepam: ukuphumula kwemisipha, okukhuthaza ukuphumula kwemisipha.

La makhambi kufanele anikezwe udokotela, futhi umthamo nendlela yokusetshenziswa ingahluka ngokuya ngobukhulu be-dystonia.

3. I-Physiotherapy ye-dystonia

Ukwelashwa nge-physiotherapeutic ye-dystonia kubandakanya ukwenza izivivinyo noma amasu athile okusiza ukugcina ukunyakaza okuphelele, ukuthuthukisa ukuma komzimba, ukuqeda izinhlungu, ukugwema ukunciphisa noma ukwenza buthaka imisipha ethintekile, nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yempilo yesiguli.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-physiotherapy isiza ukuvimbela izinkontileka zemisipha futhi inciphise imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa kwe-botox, ngokuqeda izinhlungu noma ngokugwinya ukugwinya, ngokwesibonelo, okungathikamezeka nge-botox.

4. Ukuhlinzwa kwe-dystonia

Ukwelashwa kwe-dystonia kungenziwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezimbili:

• Ukugqugquzela ubuchopho obujulile: iqukethe ukufakelwa kwama-electrode ngaphakathi kobuchopho okuxhunywe entweni encane, efana ne-pacemaker, evame ukuba sesiswini futhi ethumela imizwa kagesi ebuchosheni, isize ukulawula ukusikwa kwemisipha;
• Ukukhethwa kwe-peripheral denization kuqukethe ukusika iziphetho zezinzwa ezibangela ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha.

Lezi zinketho zokuhlinzwa zivame ukwenziwa kuphela lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa zingasebenzi.