11 izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane

-Delile

• 1. Ukutheleleka ngomchamo
• 2. Isifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga
• 3. Chlamydia
• 4. Isifo sokuvuza phansi
• 5. Ugcunsula
• 6. Uchoko
• 7. Ukukhwehlela
• 8. Isifo Sofuba
• 9. I-pneumonia
• 10. I-Salmonellosis
• 11. I-Leptospirosis

Amagciwane yizilwanyana ezincane ezincane ezikhona ngokwemvelo emzimbeni nasemvelweni futhi ezingadala noma ezingadali izifo. Amagciwane abangela izifo aziwa njengama-bacterium e-pathogenic angangena emzimbeni ngokungenisa ukudla noma amanzi angcolile, ukuxhumana kocansi okungavikelekile noma ngemigwaqo yomoya, isibonelo.

Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ziphathwa kakhulu ngokusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic, okufanele asetshenziswe njengoba eyalelwe ngudokotela ukuvikela ukuvela kwamagciwane amelana nemithi eminingi, anesibopho sokutheleleka okunzima kakhulu nokwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi.

1. Ukutheleleka ngomchamo

Ukutheleleka ngomgudu womchamo ngesinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu ezibangelwa amagciwane, futhi kungenzeka ngenxa yokungalingani kwe-microbiota yesitho sangasese, noma ngenxa yokuthi ubambe ipipi, ungenzi inhlanzeko eyanele, phuza amanzi amancane ngesikhathi day noma babe namatshe ezinso, isibonelo.

Kunamagciwane amaningi angadala ukutheleleka ngomgudu womchamo, okuyinhloko Escherichia coli, I-Proteus sp., I-Providencia sp. futhi UMorganella spp..

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Izimpawu eziyinhloko ezihlobene nokutheleleka ngomgudu womchamo ubuhlungu nokushisa lapho uchama, umchamo onamafu noma onegazi, umkhuhlane ophansi ophikelelayo, isifiso esivamile sokuchama futhi uzizwe ungakwazi ukukhipha isinye.

Indlela yokwelapha: Ukwelashwa kokutheleleka ngomgudu womchamo kukhonjiswa ngudokotela uma kunezimpawu futhi kutholakala i-microorganism, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwama-antimicrobial, njenge-Ciprofloxacino, ngokwesibonelo, kuvame ukukhonjiswa. Kodwa-ke, lapho kungekho zimpawu, udokotela angakhetha ukungathathi imishanguzo yokulwa namagciwane ukuvimbela ukuvela kwamagciwane amelana nawo.

Ukuvimbela kwenziwa kanjani: Ukuvinjelwa kwezifo zomchamo kwenziwa ngokulawula izimbangela. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwenza inhlanzeko esondelene kahle, gwema ukubamba ipee isikhathi eside futhi uphuze okungenani amalitha amabili amanzi ngosuku, ngokwesibonelo.

2. Isifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga

I-Meningitis ifana nokuvuvukala kwezicubu ezizungeze ubuchopho nomgogodla, ama-meninges, futhi kungabangelwa yizinhlobo eziningana zebhaktheriya, okuyizona eziyinhloko I-Streptococcus pneumoniae, Isifo sofuba iMycobacterium, I-Haemophilus influenzae futhi I-Neisseria meningitidis, engatholwa ngezimfihlo ezivela kubantu abatholwe benesifo.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Izimpawu ze-meningitis zingavela cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-4 ngemuva kokubandakanyeka kwe-meningeal, futhi kungahle kube nomkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu nalapho kunyakaziswa intamo, ukuvela kwamabala ansomi esikhunjeni, ukudideka kwengqondo, ukukhathala ngokweqile nokuqina kwemisipha entanyeni.

Indlela yokwelapha: Ukwelashwa kwe-meningitis kuvame ukwenziwa esibhedlela, ukuze udokotela akwazi ukuhlola ukuvela komuntu nokuvikela izinkinga. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ama-antibiotic, ngokusho kwamagciwane abhekelekayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwePenicillin, Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol noma iCeftriaxone, ngokwesibonelo, okumele kusetshenziswe njengokuyalelwa ngudokotela, kungakhonjiswa.

Ukuvimbela kwenziwa kanjani: Ukuvimbela i-meningitis kufanele kwenziwe ikakhulukazi ngokugoma i-meningitis, okufanele ithathwe njengengane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu abane-meningitis bagqoke imaski futhi bagweme ukukhwehlela, ukukhuluma noma ukuthimula abantu abaphilile ukugwema ukutheleleka. Thola ukuthi yimiphi imigomo evikela i-meningitis.

3. Chlamydia

I-Chlamydia yisifo esithathelwana ngocansi esibangelwa igciwane I-Chlamydia trachomatis, engadluliselwa ngokuya ocansini ngomlomo, ngesitho sangasese sowesifazane noma sangasese ngaphandle kwekhondomu, futhi ingadluliselwa isuka kowesifazane iye enganeni yakhe ngesikhathi sokubeletha okujwayelekile lapho ukwelashwa kungazange kwenziwe ngendlela efanele.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Izimpawu ze-chlamydia zingavela kuze kube amasonto ama-3 ngemuva kokuthintana namagciwane, ubuhlungu nokushisa lapho uchama, i-penile emhlophe ephuzi noma ukuphuma kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, okufana nobomvu, ubuhlungu be-pelvic noma ukuvuvukala kwamasende, isibonelo, kungaqashelwa. Yazi ezinye izimpawu ze-chlamydia.

Indlela yokwelapha: Ukwelashwa kwe-chlamydia kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondiswa udokotela wezifo zabesifazane noma urologist, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic, njenge-Azithromycin noma i-Doxycycline, kunconywa ukukhuthaza ukuqedwa kwamagciwane nokuqeda izimpawu. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukwelashwa kwenziwe ngumuntu onegciwane kanye nomlingani, noma ngabe azikho izimpawu ezibonakalayo, njengoba kungenzeka ukuvimbela ukutheleleka.

Ukuvimbela kwenziwa kanjani: Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka ngeI-Chlamydia trachomatis,kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ikhondomu ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi uthole ukwelashwa njengokuyalelwa ngudokotela, noma ngabe zingekho izimpawu noma izimpawu ezibonakalayo.

4. Isifo sokuvuza phansi

I-gonorrhea yisifo esithathelwana ngocansi esibangelwa amagciwane I-Neisseria gonorrhoeae edluliswa ngokuya ocansini kowesifazane okungavikelekile, kwendunu noma komlomo.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Ezimweni eziningi i-gonorrhea i-asymptomatic, kepha ezinye izimpawu zingavela kuze kube yizinsuku eziyi-10 ngemuva kokuthintana namagciwane, ubuhlungu nokushiswa kungaqashelwa lapho uchama, ukukhishwa okumhlophe okuphuzi, ukuvuvukala kwe-urethra, ukungahambisani nomchamo noma ukuvuvukala endunu, lapho ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngokuya ocansini endunu.

Indlela yokwelapha: Ukwelashwa kwe-gonorrhea kufanele kwenziwe ngokuya ngezeluleko zezokwelapha, kusetshenziswa ama-antibiotic, njenge-Azithromycin noma i-Ceftriaxone, kanye nokuyeka ucansi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa okunconywayo ngokujwayelekile.

Kubalulekile ukuthi ukwelashwa kwenziwe kuze kube sekupheleni, noma ngabe azikho izimpawu nezimpawu ezibonakalayo, ngoba ngale ndlela kungenzeka ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukuqedwa kwamagciwane futhi kuvimbele ukukhula kwezinkinga, njengesifo sokuvuvukala okhalweni nokungazali . Funda kabanzi mayelana nokwelashwa kwe-gonorrhea.

Ukuvimbela kwenziwa kanjani: Ukuvimbela ukudluliswa kwe-gonorrhea kanye nokutheleleka, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amakhondomu kubo bonke ubulili.

5. Ugcunsula

Njenge-chlamydia ne-gonorrhea, i-syphilis nayo iyisifo esithathelwana ngocansi, esibangelwa amagciwane I-Treponema pallidum, okungathathelwana okungenzeka ngokuya ocansini olungaphephile noma ukuthintana ngqo nezilonda zikagcunsula, ngoba zinothe ngamagciwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ugcunsula bungadluliselwa busuka enganeni buye enganeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ngesikhathi sokubeletha, lapho lesi sifo singakhonjwa futhi / noma singelashwa kahle.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Izimpawu zokuqala zikagcunsula yizilonda ezingalimazi noma ezidale ukungakhululeki okungabonakala kupipi, endunu noma esifundeni sangasese sowesifazane bese kunyamalala ngokuzenzekelayo. Kodwa-ke, ukunyamalala kwalezi zilonda akuyona inkomba yokuthi lesi sifo sixazululiwe, kodwa kunalokho ukuthi amabhaktheriya asakazeka egazini ngomzimba, okungahle kuveze ugcunsula wesibili nowaphezulu. Bona okuningi mayelana nezimpawu zikagcunsula.

Indlela yokwelapha: Ukwelashwa kukagcunsula kufanele kunconywe udokotela wezifo zomzimba noma udokotela wezifo zabesifazane ngokwesigaba sesifo okuso lo muntu kanye nobukhulu bezimpawu. Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngemijovo ye-benzathine penicillin, ekwaziyo ukukhuthaza ukuqedwa kwamagciwane.

Ukuvimbela kwenziwa kanjani: Ukuvimbela ugcunsula kwenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwamakhondomu kubo bonke ubudlelwano bezocansi, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukugwema ukuhlangana nezilonda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abane-syphilis, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukutheleleka kwengane, kubalulekile ukuthi ukwelashwa kwenziwe ngokuyalelwa ngudokotela, ngoba ngale ndlela kungenzeka ukunciphisa inani lamagciwane ajikelezayo futhi kwehle ingozi yokudlulisela.

6. Uchoko

Uchoko, olwaziwa nangokuthi uchoko, yisifo esibangelwa amagciwane I-Mycobacterium leprae futhi lokho kungadluliselwa ngokuxhumana nezicubu zamakhala zabantu abanochoko, ikakhulu.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Leli bhaktheriya linokuhlelwa kwesistimu yezinzwa futhi lingadala ukukhubazeka kwemisipha, ngokwesibonelo. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu ezivelele kakhulu zochoko yizilonda ezakhiwe esikhunjeni, ezenzeka ngenxa yokuba khona kwamagciwane egazini nasesikhunjeni. Ngakho-ke, izimpawu zesifo sochoko ezoma kakhulu ukoma kwesikhumba, ukulahlekelwa umuzwa nokuba khona kwezilonda namanxeba ezinyaweni, ekhaleni nasemehlweni, okungadala ubumpumputhe.

Indlela yokwelapha: Ukwelashwa kochoko kufanele kuboniswe ngudokotela wesifo ngokushesha lapho kutholakala ukuxilongwa ukuze kube namathuba angempela okwelashwa. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngemithi ehlukahlukene ukuze kuqedwe amagciwane futhi kuvimbele ukuqhubeka kwesifo nokubonakala kwezinkinga. Izidakamizwa ezikhonjiswe kakhulu yiDapsone, Rifampicin neClofazimine, okufanele isetshenziswe ngokuyalelwa ngudokotela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokukhubazeka okungase kuvele, kungadingeka ukwenza izinqubo zokulungisa ngisho nokuqapha kwengqondo, ngoba abantu abanochoko bangabandlululwa ngenxa yokubukeka kwabo. Qonda ukuthi ukwelashwa kochoko kwenziwa kanjani.

Ukuvimbela kwenziwa kanjani: Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokuvimbela uchoko ukuthola lesi sifo kusaqalwa bese uqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha nje lapho kutholakala ukuxilongwa. Ngale ndlela, kungenzeka ukuvimbela ukuvela kwezimpawu nezinkinga nokusabalala kwabanye abantu.

7. Ukukhwehlela

Ukukhwehlela yisifo sokuphefumula esibangelwa amagciwane I-Bordetella pertussis, ongena emzimbeni ngezindlela zomoya, uhlala emaphashini futhi uholele ekwakhekeni kwezimpawu zokuphefumula, uvame kakhulu ezinganeni futhi ezingavinjelwa kalula ngokugoma.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Izimpawu zokuqala ze-pertussis ziyefana nezomkhuhlane, ngomkhuhlane ophansi, ikhala eligijimayo nokukhwehlela okomile, isibonelo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ukutheleleka kuqhubeka kungenzeka ukuthi ube neziqephu zokukhwehlela okungazelelwe lapho umuntu ekubona kunzima ukuphefumula bese lokho kugcina sekuhogela ukuhogela okujulile, kube sengathi umkhuhlane.

Indlela yokwelapha: Ukwelashwa kwe-pertussis kufaka ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic, njenge-Azithromycin, Clarithromycin noma i-Erythromycin, ngokwesibonelo, okufanele isetshenziswe ngokuyalelwa ngudokotela.

Ukuvimbela kwenziwa kanjani: Ukuvimbela i-pertussis, kunconywa ukuthi ugweme ukuhlala ezindaweni ezivaliwe isikhathi eside futhi ugeze izandla zakho ngensipho namanzi njalo, ngaphezu kokuthatha umuthi wokugoma we-DTPA, ohlinzekelwe ohlelweni lokugoma kwengane futhi oqinisekisa ukuvikeleka ekuxhakathisweni ., diphtheria, isifo sofuba kanye ne-tetanus. Funda kabanzi ngomuthi wokugoma we-DTPA.

8. Isifo Sofuba

Isifo sofuba yisifo sokuphefumula esibangelwa yi-bacterial Mycobacterium tuberculosis, esaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-bacchus kaKoch, engena emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa imigwaqo yomoya engenhla futhi ifike emaphashini okuholela ekwakhekeni kwezimpawu nezimpawu zokuphefumula, ngaphezu kokusabalala. umphumela ekuthuthukiseni isifo sofuba esivela ngaphandle kwamaphaphu. Funda kabanzi ngesifo sofuba.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Izimpawu eziyinhloko zesifo sofuba samaphaphu ukukhwehlela isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amathathu, esingahambisana negazi, izinhlungu lapho uphefumula noma ukhwehlela, ukujuluka ebusuku nomkhuhlane ophansi nongasuki.

Indlela yokwelapha:Ukwelashwa kwesifo sofuba kwenziwa ngokuqhubekayo, okungukuthi, i-pulmonologist noma i-infectologist ikhombisa inhlanganisela yeRifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide ne-Etambutol cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha noma kuze kuphulukiswe lesi sifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ukuthi umuntu owelashelwa isifo sofuba aqhubeke nokuhlala yedwa izinsuku eziyishumi nanhlanu zokwelashwa, njengoba esakwazi ukudlulisela amagciwane kwabanye abantu.

Ukuvimbela kwenziwa kanjani:Ukuvimbela isifo sofuba kwenziwa ngezinyathelo ezilula, njengokugwema ukuba sezindaweni zomphakathi nezivaliwe, ukumboza umlomo wakho uma ukhwehlela nokugeza izandla njalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvimbela kungenziwa futhi ngomuthi wokugoma we-BCG, okumele wenziwe ngemuva nje kokuzalwa.

9. I-pneumonia

I-pneumonia yebacteria ivame ukubangelwa yi-bacterium I-Streptococcus pneumoniae, okungadala izifo ikakhulu ezinganeni nasebekhulile kanti ukutheleleka kuvame ukwenzeka ngokungena ngengozi kwamagciwane emaphashini asemlonyeni noma ngenxa yokutheleleka kwenye ingxenye yomzimba.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-pneumonia yebhaktheriya S. pneumoniae ukukhwehlela nge-phlegm, umkhuhlane omkhulu, ukuphefumula kanzima nobuhlungu besifuba, kubalulekile ukubonisana nodokotela wamaphaphu noma udokotela ojwayelekile ukuze izimpawu zihlolwe futhi kuqale ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu.

Indlela yokwelapha: Ukwelashwa kwe-pneumonia I-Streptococcus pneumoniae kuvamise ukwenziwa ngokuphumula nangemithi elwa namagciwane, efana ne-Amoxicillin noma i-Azithromycin, kuze kube yizinsuku eziyi-14, ngokusho kwemithi ekhonjisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izimo, udokotela angancoma i-physiotherapy yokuphefumula ukwenza inqubo yokuphefumula ibe lula.

Ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani ukuvimbela: Ukuvimbela i-pneumonia yebhaktheriya, kunconywa ukuthi ugweme ukuhlala emakamelweni avaliwe isikhathi eside lapho kungena umoya omncane futhi ugeze izandla zakho kahle.

10. I-Salmonellosis

I-Salmonellosis, noma ubuthi ekudleni, yisifo esibangelwa I-Salmonella sp., engatholwa ngokusetshenziswa kokudla namanzi, ngaphezu kokuxhumana nezilwane ezingcoliswe amagciwane. Umthombo oyinhloko we I-Salmonella sp. yizilwane ezikhuliswe emapulazini, njengezinkomo, izingulube nezinkukhu, ikakhulukazi.Ngakho-ke, ukudla okungatholakala kulezi zilwane, njengenyama, amaqanda nobisi, kufana nomthombo oyinhloko wokutheleleka nge-salmonellosis.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Izimpawu zokutheleleka ngo I-Salmonella sp. avele emahoreni ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwangama-48 ngemuva kokuthintana namagciwane, futhi kungabonakala, ukuhlanza, isicanucanu, ubuhlungu besisu, umkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukuqaqamba komzimba nokugodola. Kwezinye izimo, isifo sohudo negazi esitokisini kungabuye kubonwe.

Indlela yokwelapha: Ukwelashwa kwe-salmonellosis ngokuvamile akwenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic, okukhonjiswa ngokujwayelekile ngudokotela ukufaka okunye uketshezi, ukugwema ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, okuvame kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile nasezinganeni, nokulawula isicanucanu, ukuhlanza nobuhlungu.

Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, lapho izimpawu ziqhubeka futhi kukhona ukusola kokutheleleka kwegazi ngaleli bhaktheriya, isazi sokutheleleka singancoma ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic, njenge-fluoroquinolones noma i-azithromycin, ngokwesibonelo.

Ukuvimbela kwenziwa kanjani: Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka nge Salmonella sp., kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ngenhlanzeko yomuntu siqu nangezinyathelo zokudla. Lokho wukuthi, kubalulekile ukuthi ugeze izandla zakho kahle ngemuva kokuthintana nezilwane naphambi nangemva kokulungisa ukudla, ikakhulukazi lapho ziluhlaza.

11. I-Leptospirosis

I-Leptospirosis yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa amagciwane ohlobo Leptospira, Ukutheleleka kwakhe kwenzeka ngokuthintana ngqo noma ngokungaqondile nomchamo, indle noma uketshezi olungenwe yigciwane. Lesi sifo sivame ukwenzeka ngezikhathi zemvula, ngoba umchamo kanye nendle yamagundane, izinja noma amakati, kusakazeka yonke indawo, kusiza ukutheleleka ngamagciwane.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Izimpawu ze-leptospirosis zivame ukuvela cishe ezinsukwini ezinhlanu kuya kweziyi-14 ngemuva kokuba amabhaktheriya angene emzimbeni ngezingulube zomlomo noma amanxeba esikhumba, futhi angadala izimpawu ezinjengekhanda, ubuhlungu bemisipha, umkhuhlane omkhulu, ukugodola, amehlo abomvu nesicanucanu. ingafinyelela emgudwini wegazi futhi isabalale iye kwezinye izicubu, kufaka phakathi ubuchopho, okudala izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumula nokukhwehlela igazi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuphikelela kwamagciwane omzimba, kungahle kungabi bikho futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukwehluleka kwezinso, okungabeka impilo yomuntu engcupheni.

Indlela yokwelapha: Indlela eyinhloko yokwelashwa ngama-antibiotic, okufanele akhonjiswe ngokushesha lapho izimpawu zivela. Imvamisa isazi sokutheleleka sincoma ukusetshenziswa kwe-Amoxicillin izinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kwezingu-10 futhi, esimweni seziguli ezingazwani nale antibiotic, kunconywa i-Erythromycin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuya ngobukhulu bezimpawu, ukuqapha ukusebenza kwezinso kuyadingeka, futhi kungadingeka ne-dialysis.

Yize kungesona isifo esingadluliselwa sisuka kumuntu siye komunye, kuyanconywa ukuthi umuntu otholakale ene-Leptospirosis kufanele aphumule futhi aphuze amanzi anele ukuze alulame ngokushesha.

Ukuvimbela kwenziwa kanjani: Ukugwema i-leptospirosis, kunconywa ukuthi uvikele izindawo ezingaba negciwane, njengodaka, imifula, amanzi amile nezindawo ezinamanzi amaningi, ngokwesibonelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esimweni sokugcwala kwendlu, ngokwesibonelo, kunconywa ukuthi ugeze yonke ifenisha naphansi nge-bleach noma i-chlorine.

Kubalulekile futhi ukugwema ukuqongelela udoti ekhaya nokugwema ukuqongelela amanzi, ngoba ngaphezu kokugwema i-leptospirosis, ezinye izifo ziyagwenywa, njenge-dengue ne-malaria, ngokwesibonelo. Funda ngezinye izindlela zokuvimbela i-leptospirosis.