Ingabe iPap Smear Iyayithola I-HIV?

-Delile

• Kwenzekani uma amaseli angajwayelekile etholwa yi-Pap smear?
• Yikuphi ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV okutholakalayo?
• Yikuphi okuhlolwa ilab okuhlola i-HIV?
• Yikuphi ukuhlola kwesekhaya kwe-HIV?
• Yini engenziwa manje ngabantu abakhathazekile nge-HIV?

Ngabe iPap smear ingayithola i-HIV?

IPap smear ihlola umdlavuza wesibeletho ngokubheka okungajwayelekile kumaseli omlomo wesibeletho sowesifazane. Kusukela yethulwa e-United States ngo-1941, iPap smear, noma iPap test, kuthiwa yehlisa kakhulu izinga lokufa ngenxa yomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.

Ngenkathi umdlavuza wesibeletho ungabulala uma ungalashwa, umdlavuza uvame ukukhula kancane. I-Pap smear ithola ushintsho emlomo wesibeletho kusenesikhathi ukuze kungenelele ngempumelelo.

Imihlahlandlela incoma ukuthi abesifazane abaneminyaka engama-21 kuya kwengama-65 bathole iPap smear njalo eminyakeni emithathu. Imihlahlandlela ivumela iPap smear njalo eminyakeni emihlanu kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engama-30 kuya kwengama-65 uma behlolelwa ne-human papillomavirus (HPV). I-HPV yigciwane elingadala umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.

I-Pap smear ivame ukwenziwa ngasikhathi sinye nokuhlolwa kwezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (ama-STI), njenge-HIV. Kodwa-ke, iPap smear ayihloleli i-HIV.

Kwenzekani uma amaseli angajwayelekile etholwa yi-Pap smear?

Uma i-Pap smear ikhombisa ubukhona bamaseli angajwayelekile emlomo wesibeletho, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angancoma i-colposcopy.

I-colposcope isebenzisa ukukhulisa okuphansi ukukhanyisa ukungajwayelekile komlomo wesibeletho nendawo ezungezile. Ngaleso sikhathi, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo naye angathatha i-biopsy, okuyisiqeshana sezicubu, ukuze kuhlolwe elebhu.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kungenzeka ukuhlola ubukhona be-HPV DNA ngqo. Ukuqoqa isampula lezicubu zokuhlolela i-DNA kuyefana nenqubo yokuthatha iPap smear futhi kungenziwa ekuhambeleni okufanayo.

Yikuphi ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV okutholakalayo?

Wonke umuntu ophakathi kweminyaka engu-13 no-64 kufanele ahlolwe i-HIV okungenani kanye, ngokusho kwe-.

Ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya kungasetshenziselwa ukuhlola i-HIV, noma ukuhlolwa kungenziwa ehhovisi lomhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Noma umuntu ehlolelwa izifo zocansi ngonyaka, abakwazi ukucabanga ukuthi noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa okuqondile, kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV, kuyingxenye yesikrini esijwayelekile.

Noma ngubani ofuna ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV kufanele azwakalise ukukhathazeka kwakhe kumhlinzeki wakhe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Lokhu kungasusa ingxoxo ngokuthi kufanele kwenziwe ini ukuhlolwa kwe-STI nokuthi kwenziwa nini. Isikhathi esifanele sokuhlola sincike empilweni yomuntu, ekuziphatheni kwakhe, eminyakeni yakhe, phakathi kwezinye izinto.

Yikuphi okuhlolwa ilab okuhlola i-HIV?

Uma ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV kwenzeka ehhovisi lomhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo, kungenzeka kwenziwe olunye lwezivivinyo ezintathu zebhu:

• ukuhlolwa kwamasosha omzimba, okusebenzisa igazi noma amathe ukuthola amaprotheni akhiwe amasosha omzimba ekuphenduleni i-HIV
• i-antibody ne-antigen test, ehlola igazi ukuthola amaprotheni ahambisana ne-HIV
• ukuhlolwa kwe-RNA, okuhlola igazi ukuthola noma yiziphi izinto zofuzo ezihambisana naleli gciwane

Izivivinyo ezisheshayo ezisanda kwenziwa azidingi ukuthi imiphumela ihlaziywe elebhu. Ukuhlolwa kubheka amasosha omzimba futhi kungabuyisa imiphumela kungakapheli imizuzu engama-30 noma ngaphansi.

Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kungenzeka kube ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody noma antibody / antigen. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungathola izinga eliphansi le-antibody kunokutholakala kumasampula amathe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungayibona i-HIV ngokushesha.

Uma umuntu etholakala enegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, ukuhlolwa kokulandelwa kuzokwenziwa ukuthola ukuthi une-HIV-1 noma i-HIV-2. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bavame ukunquma lokhu besebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-immunoblot.

Yikuphi ukuhlola kwesekhaya kwe-HIV?

Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa e-U.S. Kugunyaze izivivinyo ezimbili zokuhlola i-HIV emakhaya. Ziyi-Home Access HIV-1 Test System kanye ne-OraQuick In-Home HIV Test.

Nge-Home Access HIV-1 Test System, umuntu uthatha isikhonkwane segazi lakhe alithumele ebhodini lokuhlola. Bangashayela ilebhu osukwini olulodwa noma ezimbili ukuthola imiphumela. Imiphumela emihle ibuyiselwa emuva njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umphumela unembile.

Lesi sivivinyo asizweli kangako kunaleso esisebenzisa igazi elivela emthanjeni, kodwa siyazwela kakhulu kunesisebenzisa umlomo womlomo.

I-OraQuick In-Home HIV Test isebenzisa isigaxa samathe emlonyeni. Imiphumela iyatholakala ngemizuzu engama-20. Uma umuntu ethola ukuthi une-HIV, uzodluliselwa kumasayithi okuhlolelwa kuwo ukuhlolwa kokulandelwa ukuqinisekisa ukunemba.Funda kabanzi ngokuhlolelwa i-HIV emakhaya.

Yini engenziwa manje ngabantu abakhathazekile nge-HIV?

Ukuhlolwa kusenesikhathi kuyisihluthulelo sokwelashwa okusebenzayo.

“Sincoma ukuthi wonke umuntu ahlolelwe i-HIV okungenani kanye ezimpilweni zakhe,” kusho uMichelle Cespedes, MD, oyilungu le-HIV Medicine Association kanye noprofesa wezokwelapha e-Icahn School of Medicine eNtabeni iSinayi.

"Umphumela walokho ukuthi sithatha abantu ngaphambi kokuthi amasosha abo omzimba onakaliswe," esho. "Sibanikeza imishanguzo ngokushesha kunokuba sivikele esikhathini esizayo ukuze bangavikeleki ekuvikeleni amandla okuzivikela."

Abantu abanezici eziyingozi ze-HIV kufanele bahlole izinketho zabo. Bangakwazi ukuhlela i-aphoyintimenti nomhlinzeki wabo wezokunakekelwa kwempilo wokuhlolwa kwebhu noma ukuthenga ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya.

Uma bekhetha ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya futhi banomphumela omuhle, bangacela umhlinzeki wabo wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuthi aqinisekise lo mphumela. Ukusuka lapho, laba bobabili bangasebenzisana ukuhlola izinketho futhi banqume izinyathelo ezilandelayo.