Thayipha i-3 Diabetes kanye ne-Alzheimer's's Disease: What You Need to Know

-Delile

• Ukuxhumana phakathi kwesifo sikashukela kanye ne-Alzheimer's
• Izimbangela nezici zobungozi bohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 3
• Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 3
• Ukuxilongwa kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 3
• Ukwelashwa kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 3
• Umbono wesifo sikashukela sohlobo 3
• Ukuvimbela uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 3

Siyini isifo sikashukela sohlobo 3?

Isifo sikashukela (esibizwa nangokuthi i-DM noma isifo sikashukela ngamafuphi) sisho isimo sempilo lapho umzimba wakho unenkinga yokuguqula ushukela ube ngamandla. Imvamisa, sicabanga ngezinhlobo ezintathu zesifo sikashukela:

• Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 (T1DM) yisimo sezempilo esingelapheki lapho ingxenye yomzimba wakho i-endocrine yamanyikwe ingakhiqizi i-hormone insulin eyanele, futhi izinga likashukela egazini lakho (glucose) likhuphuka kakhulu.
• Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 (T2DM) yisimo esingelapheki lapho umzimba wakho uqala ukumelana ne-insulin, futhi izinga lakho likashukela egazini likhuphuka kakhulu ngenxa yalokho.
• I-Gestational diabetes (GDM) yi-DM eyenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, futhi izinga likashukela egazini liphakeme kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi.

Ezinye izifundo zocwaningo ziphakamise ukuthi isifo i-Alzheimer's kufanele futhi sihlukaniswe njengohlobo lwesifo sikashukela, esibizwa ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 3.

Lesi “sifo sikashukela sohlobo 3” yigama eliphakanyiselwe ukuchaza umbono wokuthi isifo i-Alzheimer, okuyisona sizathu esiyinhloko sokuwohloka komqondo, sidalwa uhlobo lokumelana ne-insulin kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-insulin factor okwenzeka ngqo ebuchosheni .

Lesi simo futhi sisetshenziswe ngabanye ukuchaza abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 futhi babuye batholwe ukuthi bane-Alzheimer's disease dementia. Ukuhlukaniswa kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-3 kuyimpikiswano enkulu, futhi akwamukelwa kabanzi ngumphakathi wezokwelapha njengokuxilongwa komtholampilo.

Isimo sezokwelapha esingezansi "sohlobo 3 sikashukela" akufanele sididaniswe nohlobo 3c sikashukela (futhi esibizwa nge-T3cDM, isifo sikashukela se-pancreatogenic, nohlobo lwesifo sikashukela esingu-3c).

Ama-pancreas anezindlala zombili ze-endocrine ne-exocrine, futhi anemisebenzi yawo efanele. I-insulin ingenye yamahomoni akhiqizwa ngamangqamuzana e-beta-islet eziqhingini zaseLangerhans, okuyizicubu ze-endocrine pancreas, azikhiqizayo futhi azikhiphe.

Lapho ama-pancreas exocrine engenwa yizifo bese ebanga ukuhlambalaza kwesibili kumanyikwe we-endocrine okugcina kuholele ku-DM, lena yi-T3cDM. Izifo ze-Exocrine pancreatic ezingaholela ku-T3cDM zifaka i-pathology efana ne:

• i-pancreatitis engapheli
• i-cystic fibrosis
• umdlavuza we-pancreatic we-exocrine

Qhubeka ufunde ukuze uthole ukuthi yini esikwaziyo nokuthi yini esingayazi "ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo olungu-3." Futhi sicela ugcine engqondweni ukuthi lokhu akufanele kudidaniswe nohlobo 3c sikashukela.

Ukuxhumana phakathi kwesifo sikashukela kanye ne-Alzheimer's

Ngokusho komtholampilo iMayo, sekuvele kukhona ukuxhumana okukhona phakathi kwe-Alzheimer's kanye nohlobo 2 sikashukela. Kuphakanyisiwe ukuthi i-Alzheimer's ingahle ibangelwe ukumelana ne-insulin ebuchosheni bakho. Abanye abantu bathi i-Alzheimer's's "ishukela diabetes in your brain."

Lesi simangalo sinesayensi ethile ngemuva kwaso, kepha kuncishiswa kancane.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isifo sikashukela esingalashwa singadala ukulimala emithanjeni yakho yegazi, kufaka phakathi nemithambo ebuchosheni bakho. Abantu abaningi abane-type 2 yesifo sikashukela abazi ukuthi banesimo, esingahle sibambezele ukuxilongwa nezindlela zokwelashwa ezifanele.

Ngakho-ke, labo abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ikakhulukazi isifo sikashukela esingatholakali, basengozini enkulu yalolu hlobo lomonakalo.

Isifo sikashukela singadala ukungalingani kwamakhemikhali ebuchosheni bakho, okungadala i-Alzheimer's. Futhi, amazinga kashukela aphezulu aholela ekuvukeleni, okungalimaza amangqamuzana obuchopho.

Ngalezi zizathu, isifo sikashukela sithathwa njengengozi engcupheni yesimo esibizwa ngokuthi yi-vascular dementia. I-Vascular dementia wukuxilongwa okumi wedwa okunezimpawu zawo, noma kungaba uphawu oluyisixwayiso lokuthi yini ezogcina iba ukuhlangana kwesifo i-Alzheimer's.

Isayensi yale nqubo ayiqinisekile. Okwamanje, okusunguliwe ukuthi kunezigameko zesifo i-Alzheimer's nezinye izinhlobo zokuwohloka komqondo ezingenaso isixhumanisi esibonisiwe sokumelana ne-insulin.

Izimbangela nezici zobungozi bohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 3

Ngokusho kocwaningo lwango-2016, abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 bangase babe sethubeni elingafika emaphesentini angama-60 lokuhlaselwa yisifo i-Alzheimer's noma olunye uhlobo lokuwohloka komqondo, njenge-dementia ye-vascular.

Lokhu kufaka abantu abangaphezu kuka-100 000 abaphila nokuwohloka komqondo. Kukhombisile ukuthi abesifazane abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 babenamathuba aphezulu okuthola ukuwohloka komqondo okuyimithambo kunamadoda.

Izici zobungozi besifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 zifaka:

• umlando womndeni wesifo sikashukela
• umfutho wegazi ophezulu (umfutho wegazi ophakeme)
• ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• izimo ezithile zezempilo ezingapheli, njengokucindezeleka kanye ne-polycystic ovarian syndrome (i-PCOS)

Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 3

Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 3 zichazwa njengezimpawu zokuwohloka komqondo, njengalezo ezibonakala ekuqaleni kwesifo i-Alzheimer's.

Ngokusho kwe-Alzheimer's Association, lezi zimpawu zibandakanya:

• ukulahleka kwenkumbulo okuthinta impilo yansuku zonke nokuxhumana nomphakathi
• ubunzima bokuqedela imisebenzi ejwayelekile
• ukubeka izinto ngokungafanele kaningi
• ukuncipha kwekhono lokwenza izahlulelo ngokususelwa kulwazi
• ushintsho olungazelelwe ebuntwini noma ekuziphatheni

Ukuxilongwa kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 3

Akukho ukuhlolwa okuqondile kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 3. Isifo i-Alzheimer's sitholakala sisuselwa ku:

• ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa
• umlando wezokwelapha
• ukuhlolwa kwe-neurophysiological

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzobuza imibuzo eminingana ngomlando womndeni wakho nezimpawu zakho.

Ukucwaninga ngezifundo, okufana nokuhlolwa kwekhanda kwe-MRI ne-CT, kunganikeza umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo isithombe sokuthi ubuchopho bakho busebenza kanjani. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Cerebrospinal fluid kungabuye kubheke izinkomba ze-Alzheimer's.

Uma unezimpawu zohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 kanye ne-Alzheimer futhi ungakatholakali ukuthi unayo, umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo anga-oda ukuhlolwa kokuzila ushukela wegazi nokuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated.

Uma unesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kubalulekile ukuthi uqale ukwelashwa ngaso ngokushesha. Ukwelapha uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela lwe-2 kunganciphisa ukulimala emzimbeni wakho, kufaka phakathi ubuchopho bakho, futhi kunciphise ukuqhubeka kwe-Alzheimer's noma ukuwohloka komqondo.

Ukwelashwa kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 3

Kunezinketho zokwelashwa ezihlukile zabantu abane:

• pre-hlobo 2 sikashukela
• thayipha 2 sikashukela
• I-Alzheimer's

Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila, njengokwenza ushintsho ekudleni kwakho nokubandakanya ukuzivocavoca umzimba nsuku zonke, kungaba yingxenye enkulu yokwelashwa kwakho.

Nawa amanye amathiphu okwelashwa angeziwe:

Uma uphila ngokukhuluphala ngokweqile, zama ukwehlisa amaphesenti ama-5 kuye kwangu-7 omzimba wakho, ngokusho kweMayo Clinic. Lokhu kungasiza ekumiseni ukulimala komzimba okubangelwa ushukela ophakeme wegazi futhi kungavimbela ukuqhubekela phambili kwe-pre-DM2 iye ku-DM2.

Ukudla okunamafutha amancane futhi ocebile ngezithelo nemifino kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni izimpawu.

Uma ubhema, ukuyeka ukubhema kuyanconywa ngoba kungasiza futhi ukuphatha isimo sakho.

Uma unezinhlobo ezimbili zesifo sikashukela kanye ne-Alzheimer's, ukwelashwa kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwakho 2 kubalulekile ukusiza ukwehlisa ukuqhubeka komqondo.

IMetformin ne-insulin yizidakamizwa ezilwa nesifo sikashukela ezinciphisa ubungozi bokulimala kobuchopho obubangelwa yisifo sikashukela, ngokusho kocwaningo lwango-2014.

Imithi kadokotela iyatholakala ukwelapha izimpawu zokuqonda ukuwohloka komqondo kwe-Alzheimer, kodwa kunokungaqiniseki ngokuthi zinomthelela obonakalayo yini ezimpawu zesifo i-Alzheimer's.

I-Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors efana ne-donepezil (Aricept), i-galantamine (i-Razadyne), noma i-rivastigmine (i-Exelon) ingabekwa ukuze ithuthukise indlela amaseli omzimba wakho axhumana ngayo.

IMemantine (Namenda), umphikisi we-NMDA-receptor, nayo ingasiza ekwehliseni izimpawu futhi yehlise ukuqhubeka kwesifo se-Alzheimer's.

Ezinye izimpawu ze-Alzheimer's kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokuwohloka komqondo, njengokuguquguquka kwemizwelo nokudangala, zingalashwa ngemithi ye-psychotropic. Ama-anti-depressants nemithi yokulwa nokukhathazeka iyingxenye yokwelashwa kwezinye izimo.

Abanye abantu bangadinga umthamo olula we-antipsychotic therapy ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwenqubo yokuwohloka komqondo.

Umbono wesifo sikashukela sohlobo 3

Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-3 luyindlela yokuchaza i-Alzheimer's edalwa ukumelana ne-insulin ngaphakathi kobuchopho. Ngakho-ke, umbono wakho uzohluka ngokuya ngezici eziningana, kufaka phakathi ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela nobukhulu besifo sakho sengqondo.

Uma ukwazi ukwelapha isifo sikashukela ngokudla, ukuzivocavoca, kanye nemithi, abacwaningi abagqugquzela ukuxilongwa kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-3 basikisela ukuthi ukwazi ukubambezela ukuqhubeka kwesifo sokuwohloka komqondo i-Alzheimer noma semithambo yegazi, kodwa ubufakazi abuqinisekile.

Umbono wakho nawo uzohluka ngokuya ngokuthi izimpawu zakho zitholakale masinyane kangakanani nokuthi umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ucabangani ngecala lakho elithile. Uma ukwelashwa kusheshe kuqala, kungenzeka ukuthi umbono wakho uzoba ngcono.

Ngokusho kweMayo Clinic, isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila komuntu one-Alzheimer cishe iminyaka engu-3 kuye kwengu-11 kusukela ngesikhathi atholakala ngaso. Kodwa abanye abantu abane-Alzheimer's bangaphila iminyaka engaba ngu-20 ngemuva kokuxilongwa.

Ukuvimbela uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 3

Uma usuvele unesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kunezindlela ongasisingatha kangcono ngazo futhi wehlise ubungozi bokuthuthukisa uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 3.

Nazi ezinye zezindlela ezifakazelwe zokuphatha uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela se-2 nokunciphisa ukulimala komzimba:

• Zama ukuzivocavoca kane ngesonto imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
• Zama ukudla ukudla okunempilo okungenawo amafutha amaningi, okunothe ngamaprotheni, kanye nefayibha ephezulu.
• Qaphela ngokucophelela ushukela wegazi lakho ngokusho kwezincomo zomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.
• Thatha imishanguzo oyinikiwe ngesikhathi futhi njalo.
• Gada amazinga akho e-cholesterol.
• Gcina isisindo sakho esinempilo.