Kuchazwa Umphumela We-Dunning-Kruger

-Delile

• Uyini umphumela we-Dunning-Kruger?
• Izilinganiso mayelana nolwazi
• Izibonelo zomphumela we-Dunning-Kruger
• Sebenza
• Ezombusazwe
• Ukubambezeleka
• Mayelana nocwaningo
• Izimbangela zomphumela we-Dunning-Kruger
• Ungayibona kanjani
• Ukunqoba umphumela we-Dunning-Kruger
• Ukuthatha

Yethiwe ngezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo uDavid Dunning noJustin Kruger, umphumela we-Dunning-Kruger wuhlobo lokuchema kwengqondo okudala ukuthi abantu badlulise ulwazi noma ikhono labo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni abanolwazi oluncane kuzo.

Kwezengqondo, igama elithi "ukwenzelela kokuqonda" lisho izinkolelo ezingenasisekelo abaningi bethu abanazo, imvamisa singanakile. Ukucwasana kwengqondo kunamabala angaboni.

Qhubeka ufunde ukuze uthole okuningi ngomphumela we-Dunning-Kruger, kufaka phakathi izibonelo zansuku zonke nokuthi ungawubona kanjani empilweni yakho.

Uyini umphumela we-Dunning-Kruger?

Umphumela we-Dunning-Kruger uphakamisa ukuthi lapho singazi okuthile, asazi ngokuswela kwethu ulwazi. Ngamanye amagama, asazi esingakwaziyo.

Cabanga ngakho. Uma ungakaze ufunde amakhemikhali noma uhambe ngendiza noma wakhe indlu, ungakukhomba kanjani ngokunembile ongakwazi ngaleyo ndaba?

Lo mqondo ungazwakala ujwayelekile, noma ngabe ungakaze uzwe amagama athi Dunning noma Kruger. Ngempela, izingcaphuno ezidumile ezilandelayo ziphakamisa ukuthi lo mbono ubusunesikhathi esithile ukhona:

Izilinganiso mayelana nolwazi

• "Ulwazi lwangempela ukwazi ubukhulu bokungazi komuntu." - UConfucius
• Ukungazi kaningi kudala ukuzethemba kunokwaziswa. ”
  - UCharles Darwin
• "Lapho ufunda okwengeziwe, kulapho ubona khona ukuthi awazi." - Akwaziwa
• “Ukufunda kancane kuyinto eyingozi.” - U-Alexander Pope
• "Isiwula sicabanga ukuthi sihlakaniphile, kepha umuntu ohlakaniphile uyazazi ukuthi uyisiwula."
  - UWilliam Shakespeare

Kalula nje, sidinga ukuba okungenani sibe nolwazi oluthile lwesihloko ukuze sikwazi ukukhomba ngokunembile lokho esingakwaziyo.

Kepha uDunning noKruger bathatha le mibono bathathe isinyathelo esisodwa, basikisela ukuthi lapho sinekhono elincane endaweni ethile, maningi amathuba okuthi senze ihaba ngokwazi kwethu.

Igama elingukhiye lapha "ngokungazi." Labo abathintekile abazi ukuthi bakha ngokweqile amandla abo.

Izibonelo zomphumela we-Dunning-Kruger

Sebenza

Emsebenzini, umphumela we-Dunning-Kruger ungenza kube nzima kubantu ukuthi babone futhi balungise ukusebenza kwabo okungalungile.

Yingakho abaqashi benza ukubuyekezwa kokusebenza, kodwa hhayi bonke abasebenzi abemukela ukugxekwa okwakhayo.

Kuyazama ukufinyelela izaba - umbuyekezi akakuthandi, ngokwesibonelo - ngokungafani nokubona nokulungisa ukwehluleka ongazi ukuthi ubunakho.

Ezombusazwe

Abasekeli bamaqembu ezepolitiki aphikisayo bavame ukuba nemibono eyehluke ngokuphelele. Ucwaningo lwango-2013 lwacela abahlanganyeli bezepolitiki ukuthi balinganise ulwazi lwabo ngezinqubomgomo ezahlukahlukene zenhlalo. Abaphenyi bathole ukuthi abantu bathambekele ekuboniseni ukuzethemba kubuchwepheshe babo kwezepolitiki.

Ukuchazwa kwabo kwezinqubomgomo ezithile kanye nale mibono kamuva kuveze ukuthi kuncane kangakanani abakwaziyo, okungachazwa okungenani ngokwengxenye ngomphumela we-Dunning-Kruger.

Ukubambezeleka

Ngabe uhlala unethemba ngokweqile lapho uhlela usuku lwakho? Abaningi bethu benza izinhlelo zokwandisa umkhiqizo, bese bethola ukuthi ngeke sikwazi ukufeza konke ebesizimisele ukukwenza.

Lokhu kungahle kube ngenxa yomphumela we-Dunning-Kruger, lapho sikholwa ukuthi singcono emisebenzini ethile ngakho-ke singayifeza ngokushesha kunalokho esingakwenza.

Mayelana nocwaningo

Ucwaningo lwasekuqaleni lukaDunning noKruger lwashicilelwa kwiJournal of Personality and Social Psychology ngo-1999.

Ucwaningo lwabo lubandakanye izifundo ezine ezihlola amakhono wangempela abahlanganyeli nabonwa njengamahlaya, ukubonisana okunengqondo, kanye nohlelo lolimi lwesiNgisi.

Esifundweni sohlelo lolimi, ngokwesibonelo, abafundi abangu-84 baseCornell bacelwa ukuthi baqedele isivivinyo sokuhlola ulwazi lwabo lwe-American Standard Written English (ASWE). Babe sebebuzwa ukuthi balinganisele amakhono abo ohlelo lolimi nokusebenza kokuhlola.

Labo abathole amaphuzu aphansi kunawo wonke esivivinyweni (i-10th percentile) bathambekele ekuqhakambiseni kakhulu amandla abo wegrama (67th percentile) kanye nesilinganiso sokuhlola (61st percentile).

Ngokuphambene nalokho, labo ababethole amaphuzu aphezulu esivivinyweni babevame ukubukela phansi ikhono labo kanye nesikolo sokuhlola.

Emashumini eminyaka selokhu kwashicilelwa lolu cwaningo, ezinye izifundo eziningi ziveze imiphumela efanayo.

Umphumela we-Dunning-Kruger ubhalwe ezindaweni ezizungezile kusukela ekuhlakanipheni okungokomzwelo nasekutholakalweni kolimi lwesibili kuya kulwazi lwewayini kanye nokunyakaza kokulwa nokugoma.

Izimbangela zomphumela we-Dunning-Kruger

Kungani abantu beqisa amakhono abo?

Esahlukweni sango-2011 esivela ku-Advances in Social Experimental Psychology, u-Dunning uphakamisa "umthwalo ophindwe kabili" ohlotshaniswa nobuchwepheshe obuphansi esihlokweni esithile.

Ngaphandle kobuchwepheshe, kunzima ukwenza kahle. Futhi kunzima ukukwenza yazi awenzi kahle ngaphandle kokuthi unolwazi.

Cabanga ukuthatha isivivinyo sezinto eziningi esihlokweni osaziyo eduze kwanoma yini. Ufunda imibuzo bese ukhetha impendulo ebonakala inengqondo kakhulu.

Ungabona kanjani ukuthi yiziphi izimpendulo zakho ezilungile? Ngaphandle kolwazi oludingekayo lokukhetha impendulo efanele, awukwazi ukuhlola ukuthi zinembe kangakanani izimpendulo zakho.

Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zibiza ikhono lokuhlola ulwazi - kanye nezikhala olwazini - ukwazisa. Ngokuvamile, abantu abanolwazi kusizinda esinikeziwe banekhono lokuqonda kangcono kunabantu abangenalwazi kuleso sizinda.

Ungayibona kanjani

Ubuchopho bethu bunzima ukufuna amaphethini futhi bathathe izindlela ezinqamulelayo, ezisisiza ukucubungula ulwazi ngokushesha futhi senze izinqumo. Imvamisa, amaphethini afanayo nezinqamuleli kuholela ekucwaseni.

Iningi labantu alinankinga yokwazi lokhu kucwasana - kufaka phakathi umphumela we-Dunning-Kruger - kubangani babo, amalungu omndeni, nakubasebenza nabo.

Kepha iqiniso ukuthi umphumela we-Dunning-Kruger uthinta wonke umuntu, kufaka phakathi wena. Akekho ongafuna ubuchwepheshe kuyo yonke imikhakha. Ungahle ube yingcweti ezindaweni eziningi futhi ube nezikhala ezibalulekile zolwazi kwezinye izindawo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphumela we-Dunning-Kruger awulona uphawu lobuhlakani obuphansi. Abantu abahlakaniphile nabo bahlangabezana nalesi simo.

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokubona lo mphumela into osuvele uyenza. Ukufunda kabanzi ngomphumela we-Dunning-Kruger kungakusiza ukuthi ukhombe lapho kungenzeka kusebenza empilweni yakho.

Ukunqoba umphumela we-Dunning-Kruger

Esifundweni sabo sango-1999, uDunning noKruger bathole ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa kwenza ababambe iqhaza bakwazi ukubona ngokunembe ikhono nokusebenza kwabo. Ngamanye amagama, ukufunda kabanzi ngesihloko esithile kungakusiza ukukhomba ongakwazi.

Nawa amanye amathiphu ambalwa ongawasebenzisa uma ucabanga ukuthi umphumela we-Dunning-Kruger uyadlala:

• Thatha isikhathi sakho. Abantu bavame ukuzizwa bezethemba ngokwengeziwe lapho benza izinqumo ngokushesha. Uma ufuna ukugwema umphumela we-Dunning-Kruger, yima uthathe isikhathi sokuphenya ngezinqumo ze-snap.
• Inselele izimangalo zakho. Ingabe unayo imibono ocabanga ukuyithatha kalula? Ungathembeli emathunjini akho ukukutshela okulungile noma okungalungile. Dlala ummeli kasathane nawe: Ungakwazi yini ukuqhamuka nokuphikisana okuphikisayo noma ukuphikisa imibono yakho?
• Shintsha ukucabanga kwakho. Ngabe usebenzisa umqondo ofanayo kuyo yonke imibuzo noma inkinga ohlangabezana nayo? Ukuzama izinto ezintsha kungakusiza ukuthi uphume emaphethini azokwandisa ukuzethemba kwakho kepha anciphise ukuqonda kwakho.
• Funda ukuthatha ukugxekwa. Emsebenzini, kuthathe ngokungathi sína ukugxekwa. Phenya izimangalo ongavumelani nazo ngokucela ubufakazi noma izibonelo zokuthi ungathuthukisa kanjani.
• Buza ukubukwa okude ngawe. Ingabe uhlale uzibheka njengomlaleli omkhulu? Noma okuhle ezibalweni? Umphumela we-Dunning-Kruger uphakamisa ukuthi kufanele ube ngogxekayo uma kuziwa ekuhloleni ukuthi ungumuntu onjani.

Vula ukufunda izinto ezintsha. Ilukuluku nokuqhubeka nokufunda kungaba izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokusondela emsebenzini owunikiwe, isihloko, noma umqondo futhi ugweme ukucwasa njengomphumela we-Dunning-Kruger.

Ukuthatha

Umphumela we-Dunning-Kruger wuhlobo lokuchema kwengqondo okusikisela ukuthi singabahloli abampofu bezikhala olwazini lwethu.

Wonke umuntu uyakuthola ngesikhathi esithile noma kwesinye. Ilukuluku, ukuvuleleka, nokuzibophezela impilo yakho yonke ekufundeni kungakusiza ukunciphisa imiphumela ye-Dunning-Kruger empilweni yakho yansuku zonke.