Ingabe Ukudla Inhlanzi Engaphekiwe Kuphephile Futhi Kunempilo?

-Delile

• Izinhlobo Zezinhlanzi Ezingavuthiwe
• Ukutheleleka Kwezinambuzane Ezivela Kwinhlanzi Enguhlaza
• Ukuqubuka kwesibindi
• Izikelemu zesikhunta
• Izikelemu eziyindilinga
• Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane
• Izinhlanzi Ezingahluziwe Zingaqukatha Inani Eliphakeme Lokungcola
• Ziyini Izinzuzo Zokudla Inhlanzi Engaphekiwe?
• Ungazinciphisa Kanjani Izingozi Zenhlanzi Eluhlaza
• Okusemqoka

Kunezizathu eziningi ezisebenzayo zokupheka izinhlanzi ngaphambi kokuzidla, kunokumane nje uzinikeze ziluhlaza.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukupheka kubulala amabhaktheriya nezinambuzane ezingadala izifo.

Noma kunjalo, abanye abantu bakhetha ukwakheka nokunambitheka kwenhlanzi eluhlaza. Idume kakhulu eJapan njengengxenye yezitsha ezifana ne-sushi ne-sashimi.

Kodwa iphephe kangakanani inhlanzi eluhlaza? Lo mbhalo ubuyekeza ubungozi nezinzuzo.

Izinhlobo Zezinhlanzi Ezingavuthiwe

Izitsha zezinhlanzi ezingavuthiwe zikhula ngokuthandwa. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• ISushi: Isigaba sezitsha zaseJapan, i-sushi ibonwa ngelayisi eliphekiwe, elineviniga nezinye izithako ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi inhlanzi eluhlaza.
• Isi-Sashimi: Esinye isidlo saseJapane esinezinhlanzi noma inyama engaphekiwe esikiwe kahle.
• Ukubamba: Isaladi laseHawaii elenziwa ngokwesiko ngeziqephu zezinhlanzi ezingavuthiwe ezinongwe futhi zixutshwe nemifino.
• Ceviche: Isitsha sokudla kwasolwandle esenziwe kancane esithandwayo eLatin America. Imvamisa iqukethe izinhlanzi ezingavuthiwe zelashwe kujusi kalamula noma kalamula.
• ICarpaccio: Ejwayelekile e-Italy, i-carpaccio yisidlo ekuqaleni esinezinkomo eziluhlaza noma ezisikiwe eziluhlaza. Leli gama lingabuye lihlanganise izitsha ezifanayo eziqukethe ezinye izinhlobo zenyama eluhlaza noma inhlanzi.
• I-koi pla: Isitsha eseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia esinezinhlanzi eziluhlaza eziqotshiwe ezixutshwe nejusi likalamula nezinye izithako ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi isoso senhlanzi, ugarlic, ama-chilis, amakhambi nemifino.
• I-herring eboshiwe: I-herring eluhlaza engamanzi evamile eNetherlands.
• I-Gravlax: Isitsha seNordic esenziwe nge-salmon eluhlaza eselapheke ngoshukela, usawoti kanye nedill. Ngokwesiko kudliwa nesoso lwesinaphi.

Lezi zitsha ziyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko lokudla emhlabeni jikelele.

Inhlanzi eluhlaza iyisithako esiyinhloko ezitsheni ezahlukahlukene ezivela emhlabeni wonke, kufaka phakathi i-sushi, isashimi ne-ceviche.

Ukutheleleka Kwezinambuzane Ezivela Kwinhlanzi Enguhlaza

I-parasite yisitshalo noma isilwane esidla esinye isidalwa esiphilayo, esaziwa njenge-host, ngaphandle kokunikeza izinzuzo ngokubuyisela.

Ngenkathi ezinye izimuncagazi zingabangeli zimpawu ezibonakalayo ezisobala, eziningi zingadala ukulimala okukhulu esikhathini eside esizayo.

Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane kubantu kuyinkinga enkulu yezempilo emazweni amaningi asezindaweni ezishisayo. Eziningi zazo zidluliselwa ngamanzi okuphuza angenwe yilesi sifo noma ukudla okuphekwe ngendlela engafanele, kufaka phakathi inhlanzi eluhlaza.

Kodwa-ke, unganciphisa le ngozi ngokuthenga izinhlanzi ezingavuthiwe ezindaweni zokudlela noma abathengisi abathembeke kahle bazilungisa kahle.

Ngezansi kunesibukezo sezifo eziyinhloko zezinambuzane ezingadluliselwa kubantu ngemuva kokudla inhlanzi eluhlaza noma engaphekiwe.

Ukuqubuka kwesibindi

Izikhukhula zesibindi zingumndeni wezibungu ezimbaxa ezidala isifo esaziwa nge-opisthorchiasis.

Izifo zivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Asia, e-Afrika, eNingizimu Melika naseMpumalanga Yurophu ().

Abaphenyi balinganisela ukuthi cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyi-17 emhlabeni wonke, iningi labo eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, bathinteka yi-opisthorchiasis.

Izikhukhula zesibindi zabantu abadala zihlala ezibindini zabantu abanegciwane nakwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo, lapho zondla khona ngegazi. Kungadala ukwanda kwesibindi, ukutheleleka kwe-bile duct, ukuvuvukala kwe-gallbladder, ama-gallstones nomdlavuza wesibindi ().

Imbangela enkulu ye-opisthorchiasis kubonakala sengathi kudla inhlanzi eluhlaza noma engaphekiwe kahle. Izandla ezingageziwe nezindawo zokulungiselela ukudla okungcolile nezitsha zasekhishini nakho kudlala indima (,).

Izikelemu zesikhunta

Ama-tapeworms enhlanzi adluliselwa kubantu abadla izinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile noma ezingaphekiwe noma izinhlanzi zasolwandle ezizala emifuleni yamanzi angenasawoti. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-salmon.

Yisigciwane esikhulu kunazo zonke esaziwa ukuthelela abantu, sifinyelela ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-15 ubude. Ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi abantu abangafika ezigidini ezingama-20 bangatheleleka emhlabeni wonke (,).

Ngenkathi ama-tapeworms ezinhlanzi kaningi engazibangeli izimpawu, angadala isifo esaziwa nge-diphyllobothriasis.

Izimpawu ze-diphyllobothriasis zivame ukuba mnene futhi zifaka ukukhathala, ukungaphatheki kahle esiswini, uhudo noma ukuqunjelwa ().

Ama-tapeworms nawo angantshontsha inani elikhulu lezakhamzimba emathunjini omsingathi, ikakhulukazi uvithamini B12. Lokhu kungaba nomthelela emazingeni aphansi kavithamini B12 noma ukushoda ().

Izikelemu eziyindilinga

Izikelemu eziyizikelemu zingadala isifo okuthiwa i-anisakiasis. Lezi zibungu zihlala ezinhlanzi zasolwandle, noma izinhlanzi ezichitha ingxenye yezimpilo zazo olwandle, njenge-salmon.

Izifo zivame kakhulu ezifundeni lapho izinhlanzi zivame ukudliwa ziluhlaza noma zifakwe emanzini anosawoti amancane noma usawoti, kufaka phakathi iScandinavia, iJapan, iNetherlands kanye neNingizimu Melika.

Ngokungafani nezinye izimuncagazi ezithwalwa izinhlanzi, Anisakis izikelemu azikwazi ukuhlala kubantu isikhathi eside.

Bazama ukungena emdongeni wamathumbu, lapho babambeka khona bagcine ngokufa. Lokhu kungadala ukusabela okweqile komzimba okuholela ekuvukeleni, ebuhlungwini besisu nasekuhlanzeni (,).

I-Anisakiasis nayo ingadala ukuphendulwa komzimba noma ngabe izibungu sezifile lapho kudliwa inhlanzi ().

Omunye umndeni wezibungu eziyizikele ezimuncu zingadala isifo esaziwa nge-gnathostomiasis ().

Lezi zibungu zitholakala ezinhlanzini eziluhlaza noma ezingaphekiwe, izinkukhu kanye namaxoxo e-Southeast Asia, Latin America, India naseNingizimu Afrika. Kodwa-ke, ukutheleleka akuvamile ngaphandle kwe-Asia.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko ubuhlungu besisu, ukuhlanza, ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla kanye nomkhuhlane. Kwezinye izimo, kungadala izilonda zesikhumba, ukuqubuka, ukulunywa nokuvuvukala ().

Ngokuya ngokuthi kuphi emzimbeni womninikhaya lapho izibungu ezingama-parasitic zifuduka khona, ukutheleleka kungadala izinkinga ezinkulu ezithweni ezahlukahlukene.

Ukudla njalo izinhlanzi eziluhlaza kwandisa amathuba okutheleleka ngama-parasitic. Izimuncagazi eziningi ezithwalwa izinhlanzi zingahlala kubantu, yize iningi lazo lingajwayelekile noma litholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo kuphela.

Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane

Esinye isizathu esenza inhlanzi iphekwe ingozi yokudla okunobuthi.

Izimpawu ezisemqoka zokufaka ushevu ekudleni zifaka phakathi isisu esibuhlungu, isicanucanu, ukugabha nohudo.

Amagciwane angaba yingozi atholakele enhlanzini eluhlaza afaka IListeria, Vibrio, IClostridium futhi Salmonella (, , ).

Ucwaningo olulodwa oluvela e-US luthole ukuthi cishe u-10% wezinhlanzi zasolwandle eziluhlaza ezingenisiwe kanye no-3% wezinhlanzi zasolwandle eziluhlaza ezihlolwe Salmonella ().

Kodwa-ke, kubantu abaphilile, ubungozi bokudla okunoshevu ekudleni inhlanzi eluhlaza kuvame ukuba kuncane.

Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, njengabantu abadala, izingane ezincane kanye neziguli ezine-HIV, basengozini yokutheleleka. La maqembu asengozini enkulu kufanele agweme inyama nenhlanzi eluhlaza.

Ngokwengeziwe, abesifazane abakhulelwe bavame ukwelulekwa ngokungadli inhlanzi eluhlaza ngenxa yengozi ye- IListeria ukutheleleka, okungadala ukufa kombungu.

Njengamanje, babalelwa kwabayi-12 kwabesifazane abangu-100 000 abakhulelwe abatheleleka e-US ().

Enye ingozi ehambisana nokudla inhlanzi eluhlaza wubuthi bokudla. Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka kufanele bagweme ukudla inyama eluhlaza nenhlanzi.

Izinhlanzi Ezingahluziwe Zingaqukatha Inani Eliphakeme Lokungcola

Izinto ezingcolisa izinto eziphilayo eziqhubekayo (ama-POPs) anobuthi, amakhemikhali akhiqizwa ezimbonini, njenge-polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) kanye ne-polybrominated diphenyl esters (PBDEs).

Izinhlanzi ziyaziwa ngokuqongelela ama-POP, ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi ezifuyiwe, njenge-salmon. Ukusetshenziswa kokuphakelwa kwezinhlanzi okungcolile kubonakala kuyimbangela enkulu (,,).

Ukudla okuphezulu kwalezi zingcolisi kuhlotshaniswe nezifo ezingamahlalakhona okubandakanya umdlavuza nohlobo 2 sikashukela (,).

Ucwaningo oluthile lwathola ukuthi inani lama-POPs lalicishe libe ngama-26% ngaphansi kusalmon ephekiwe uma kuqhathaniswa ne-salmon eluhlaza yohlobo olufanayo ().

Izinsimbi ezisindayo ezinobuthi, njenge-mercury, nakho kuyinkinga yezempilo. Olunye ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi inani le-bioaccessible mercury lalingama-50-60% ephansi kunhlanzi ephekiwe kunasezinhlanzini ezingaphekiwe ().

Indlela lokhu okusebenza ngayo akucaci ngokuphelele, kepha kubonakala sengathi kuhlotshaniswa nokulahleka kwamafutha emicu yezinhlanzi ngenkathi kusaphekwa.

Yize ukupheka izinhlanzi kungasebenza ekunciphiseni ukuvezwa kwakho kokungcola okuningi, kungahle kungasebenzi kuzo zonke izinto ezingcolisayo ().

Inhlanzi ephekwayo ibonakala inciphisa amazinga ezingcolisi ezithile, kufaka phakathi ama-PCB, ama-PBDEs ne-mercury.

Ziyini Izinzuzo Zokudla Inhlanzi Engaphekiwe?

Kunezinzuzo ezimbalwa zezempilo ngokudla inhlanzi eluhlaza.

Okokuqala, inhlanzi eluhlaza ayiqukethe ukungcola okwakheka lapho inhlanzi ithosiwe noma yosiwe. Isibonelo, inhlanzi ephekwe ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu ingaqukatha inani elihlukile lama-heterocyclic amines ().

Izifundo zokubheka zihlobanise ukutholakala okuphezulu kwama-heterocyclic amines ngengozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza ().

Okwesibili, ukuthosa izinhlanzi kunganciphisa inani lama-omega-3 fatty acids anempilo, njenge-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ne-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (,).

Ngamafuphi, izici ezithile zekhwalithi yokudla okunempilo zingase zehle lapho kuphekwa inhlanzi.

Ngokwengeziwe, kunezinye izinzuzo zokudla izinhlanzi ezingavuthiwe ezingahlangene nakancane nempilo. Ukungadingi ukupheka konga isikhathi, futhi ukwazisa ngezitsha zezinhlanzi eziluhlaza kusiza ekugcineni ukwehluka kwamasiko.

Izinhlanzi ezingavuthiwe aziqukethe ukungcola okungakha ngesikhathi sokupheka. Kungabuye inikeze amazinga aphezulu wezakhi ezithile zomzimba, njenge-omega-3 fatty acids.

Ungazinciphisa Kanjani Izingozi Zenhlanzi Eluhlaza

Uma ukujabulela ukunambitheka nokuthungwa kwenhlanzi eluhlaza, kunezindlela eziningana ongahlisa ngazo ubungozi bokutheleleka ngezinambuzane kanye namagciwane.

• Yidla kuphela izinhlanzi eziluhlaza ezibandisiwe: Ukuqanda izinhlanzi isonto lonke ku- -4 ° F (-20 ° C), noma amahora ayi-15 ku- -31 ° F (-35 ° C), isu eliphumelelayo lokubulala izimuncagazi. Kepha khumbula ukuthi amanye amafriza asekhaya angahle angabandi ngokwanele ().
• Hlola izinhlanzi zakho: Ukuhlola izinhlanzi ngokubuka ngaphambi kokuyidla nakho kuyasiza, kepha kungahle kunganele ngoba izimuncagazi eziningi kunzima ukuzibona.
• Thenga kubahlinzeki abahlonishwayo: Qiniseka ukuthi uthenga izinhlanzi zakho ezindaweni zokudlela ezithenjiwe noma kubahlinzeki bezinhlanzi abazigcinile futhi baziphatha kahle.
• Thenga izinhlanzi ezifrijiwe: Thenga kuphela izinhlanzi ezifakwe esiqandisini noma ezivezwe ngaphansi kwesembozo embhedeni omkhulu weqhwa.
• Qiniseka ukuthi inuka okusha: Ungayidli inhlanzi enuka kamuncu noma ngokweqile.
• Ungagcini izinhlanzi ezintsha isikhathi eside: Uma ungaziqandisi izinhlanzi zakho, zigcine eqhweni efrijini lakho bese uzidla zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa uzithengile.
• Ungashiyi inhlanzi isikhathi eside kakhulu: Ungalokothi ushiye inhlanzi esiqandisini isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora elilodwa noma amabili. Amagciwane ayanda ngokushesha ekamelweni lokushisa.
• Geza izandla zakho: Hlanza izandla zakho ngemuva kokuphatha inhlanzi eluhlaza ukuze ugweme ukungcolisa ukudla okuphatha ngemuva kwalokho.
• Hlanza ikhishi lakho nezitsha: Izitsha zasekhishini nezindawo zokulungiselela ukudla nazo kufanele zihlanzwe kahle ukugwema ukungcoliswa okuphambene.

Ngenkathi ukubanda kungabulali wonke amabhaktheriya, kumisa ukukhula kwawo futhi kunganciphisa izinombolo zawo ().

Yize ukuhambisa emanzini, ukugeza noma ukubamba izinhlanzi okubanda kunganciphisa inani lama-parasites kanye nama-bacteria aqukethe, lezi zindlela azithembeki ngokuphelele ekuvikeleni izifo ().

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuqeda ama-parasites ezinhlanzini ezingaphekiwe ukuwufriza ku- -4 ° F (-20 ° C) okungenani izinsuku eziyisikhombisa. Ukuqandisa nakho kumisa ukukhula kwamagciwane, kepha akubulali wonke amabhaktheriya.

Okusemqoka

Ukudla inhlanzi eluhlaza kuhlotshaniswa nengozi enkulu yokutheleleka ngezinambuzane kanye nokudla okunoshevu. Noma kunjalo, unganciphisa ubungozi ngokulandela imihlahlandlela embalwa elula.

Okokuqala, njalo thenga izinhlanzi zakho kubaphakeli abanedumela elihle.

Ngokwengeziwe, inhlanzi eluhlaza kufanele ngabe iqandisiwe phambilini, njengoba ukuyifaka iqhwa ku- -4 ° F (-20 ° C) isonto lonke kufanele kubulale zonke izimuncagazi.

Gcina inhlanzi encibilikisiwe eqhweni efrijini bese uyidla zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Ukulandela le mihlahlandlela, ungajabulela izinhlanzi ezingavuthiwe ekhaya nasezitolo zokudlela engcupheni encane empilweni yakho.