Ukubhekana ne-End-Stage COPD

-Delile

• Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-COPD yokugcina
• Ukuphila ne-COPD yokugcina
• Ukudla nokuzivocavoca umzimba
• Lungiselela isimo sezulu
• Ukunakekelwa kwe-Palliative
• Izigaba (noma amamaki) we-COPD
• Umbono
• Isisindo
• Ukuphefumula ngomsebenzi
• Ukuhamba ibanga ngemizuzu eyisithupha
• Ubudala
• Ukusondela ekungcolisweni komoya
• Imvamisa yokuvakasha kukadokotela
• Ukubhekana ne-COPD
• I-Q & A: Ama-humidifiers
• Q:
• A:

I-COPD

Isifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary pulmonary disease (COPD) yisimo esiqhubekayo esithinta ikhono lomuntu lokuphefumula kahle. Ifaka phakathi izimo eziningana zezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi i-emphysema ne-bronchitis engapheli.

Ngaphezu kwekhono elincishisiwe lokuphefumulela ngaphakathi nangaphandle ngokugcwele, izimpawu zingafaka ukukhwehlela okungapheli nokwenyuka kokukhiqizwa kwesikhwehlela.

Funda ukuze ufunde ngezindlela zokunciphisa izimpawu zokugcina ze-COPD nezinto ezidlala ekubukeni kwakho uma unalesi simo esinzima.

Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-COPD yokugcina

Isigaba sokuphela se-COPD simakwe ukuphefumula kanzima (i-dyspnea), noma ngabe uphumule. Kulesi sigaba, imishanguzo ngokujwayelekile ayisebenzi kahle njengakuqala. Imisebenzi yansuku zonke izokushiya uphefumula ngokwengeziwe.

Isigaba sokugcina se-COPD sisho nokuhambela okuthe xaxa emnyangweni ophuthumayo noma ukulaliswa ezibhedlela ngenxa yezinkinga zokuphefumula, izifo zamaphaphu, noma ukwehluleka ukuphefumula.

Umfutho wegazi ophezulu we-pulmonary ubuye uvame nasezingeni eliphezulu le-COPD, okungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo emaceleni. Ungathola ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuphuthumayo (i-tachycardia) kokushaya okungaphezu kwe-100 ngomzuzu. Esinye isibonakaliso se-COPD yokuphela kwesigaba ukulahleka kwesisindo okuqhubekayo.

Ukuphila ne-COPD yokugcina

Uma ubhema imikhiqizo kagwayi, ukuyeka enye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu ongazenza kunoma yisiphi isigaba seCOPD.

Udokotela wakho angakunikeza imithi yokwelapha i-COPD engaphinde iqede izimpawu zakho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-bronchodilators, asiza ukunweba izindlela zakho zomoya.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-bronchodilators. I-bronchodilator esebenza okwesikhashana (i-rescue) isetshenziselwa ukuqala kokuphefumula okungazelelwe. I-bronchodilator esebenza isikhathi eside ingasetshenziswa nsuku zonke ukusiza ukulawula izimpawu.

I-Glucocorticosteroids ingasiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala. Le mithi ingahanjiswa ezindleleni zakho zomoya nasemaphashini nge-inhaler noma nge-nebulizer. I-glucocorticosteroid ivame ukunikezwa ngokuhlanganiswa ne-bronchodilator esebenza isikhathi eside ekwelapheni i-COPD.

I-inhaler iyithuluzi eliphathekayo elilingana nephakethe, kuyilapho i-nebulizer inkulu futhi ihloselwe ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya. Ngenkathi i-inhaler kulula ukuyiphatha uhamba nayo, kwesinye isikhathi kunzima ukuyisebenzisa kahle.

Uma unenkinga enzima usebenzisa i-inhaler, ukufaka i-spacer kungasiza. I-spacer yishubhu elincane lepulasitiki elinamathela ku-inhaler yakho.

Ukufafaza umuthi wakho we-inhaler esikhaleni esivumela ukuthi umuthi uthinte futhi ugcwalise isikhala ngaphambi kokuwuphefumulela. Isikhala singasiza umuthi owengeziwe ukuba ungene emaphashini akho futhi ungabambeka ngemuva komphimbo wakho.

I-nebulizer ngumshini oguqula umuthi oketshezi ube yinkungu eqhubekayo oyidonsela imizuzu engaba ngu-5 kuya kwengu-10 ngesikhathi ngokusebenzisa imaski noma into ekhulunywa ngomlomo exhunywe ngeshubhu emshinini.

I-oxygen eyengeziwe iyadingeka uma une-COPD yokugcina (isigaba 4).

Ukusetshenziswa kwanoma yikuphi kwalokhu kwelashwa kungenzeka kukhuphuke kakhulu kusuka esigabeni 1 (COPD emnene) kuya esigabeni 4.

Ukudla nokuzivocavoca umzimba

Ungase futhi uzuze ezinhlelweni zokuqeqesha abantu. Abelaphi balezi zinhlelo bangakufundisa izindlela zokuphefumula ezinciphisa ukuthi kufanele usebenze kanzima kangakanani ukuphefumula. Lesi sinyathelo singasiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yakho.

Ungakhuthazwa ukuba udle ukudla okuncane, okunamaprotheni amaningi ngaso sonke isikhathi, njengamaprotheni shakes. Ukudla okunamaprotheni amaningi kungathuthukisa inhlalakahle yakho futhi kuvimbele ukwehlisa umzimba ngokweqile.

Lungiselela isimo sezulu

Ngaphezu kokuthatha lezi zinyathelo, kufanele uvikele noma unciphise izimbangela ze-COPD ezaziwayo. Isibonelo, ungaba nobunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula ngesikhathi sezulu esibi kakhulu, njengokushisa okuphezulu nomswakama noma amakhaza, amazinga okushisa owomile.

Yize ungeke ukwazi ukushintsha isimo sezulu, ungazilungiselela ngokunciphisa isikhathi osichitha ngaphandle ngesikhathi sokushisa okweqile. Ezinye izinyathelo ongazithatha zifaka okulandelayo:

• Uhlala ugcina i-inhaler ephuthumayo nawe kepha hhayi emotweni yakho. Ama-inhalers amaningi asebenza kahle kakhulu lapho egcinwa ekamelweni lokushisa.
• Ukugqoka isikhafu noma imaski lapho uphumela ngaphandle emazingeni okushisa abandayo kungasiza ukufudumeza umoya ophefumulela kuwo.
• Gwema ukuya ngaphandle ngezinsuku lapho izinga lomoya liphansi futhi amazinga e-smog nawokungcola ephezulu. Ungahlola ikhwalithi yomoya okuzungezile lapha.

Ukunakekelwa kwe-Palliative

Ukunakekelwa kwe-palliative noma ukunakekelwa kwe-hospice kungayithuthukisa kakhulu impilo yakho lapho uhlala ne-COPD yokugcina. Umbono oyiphutha ojwayelekile ngokunakekelwa kokuthokomala ukuthi kungenxa yomuntu ozodlula maduzane. Lokhu akuhlali kunjalo.

Esikhundleni salokho, ukunakekelwa kwe-palliative kubandakanya ukukhomba ukwelashwa okungakhuphula izinga lakho lempilo futhi kusize abanakekeli bakunikeze ukunakekelwa okuphumelela ngokwengeziwe. Umgomo oyinhloko wokunakekelwa kwe-palliative ne-hospice ukunciphisa ubuhlungu bakho nokulawula izimpawu zakho ngangokunokwenzeka.

Uzosebenza nethimba lodokotela nabahlengikazi ekuhleleni izinhloso zakho zokwelashwa nokunakekela impilo yakho engokomzimba nengokomzwelo ngangokunokwenzeka.

Buza udokotela wakho kanye nenkampani yomshuwalense ngolwazi mayelana nezinketho zokunakekelwa kokunakekelwa.

Izigaba (noma amamaki) we-COPD

I-COPD inezigaba ezine, futhi ukuhamba kwakho komoya kuba nomkhawulo ngokwengeziwe esigabeni ngasinye esidlulayo.

Izinhlangano ezahlukahlukene zingachaza isigaba ngasinye ngokuhlukile. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlukaniswa kwabo okuningi kusekelwe engxenyeni yokuhlolwa komsebenzi wamaphaphu owaziwa njengokuhlolwa kwe-FEV1. Leli wumthamo womoya ophoqelelwe ophuma emaphashini akho ngomzuzwana owodwa.

Umphumela walokhu kuhlolwa ukhonjiswa njengephesenti futhi ulinganisa ukuthi ungakhipha umoya ongakanani phakathi nomzuzwana wokuqala womoya ophoqelelwe. Kuqhathaniswa nalokho okulindelekile emaphashini aphilile aneminyaka efanayo.

Ngokuya nge-Lung Institute, imibandela yebanga ngalinye le-COPD (isigaba) imi kanje:

Amamaki aphansi angahle ahambisane nezimpawu ezingamahlalakhona, njengesikhwehlela esiningi, ukuphefumula okubonakalayo ngokuzikhandla, nokukhwehlela okungamahlalakhona. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukwanda kakhulu njengoba ubunzima beCOPD bukhuphuka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imihlahlandlela emisha ye-Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) iqhubeka nokuhlukanisa abantu abane-COPD ngamaqembu abhalwe u-A, B, C, noma uD.

Amaqembu achazwa ngobucayi bezinkinga ezinjenge-dyspnea, ukukhathala, nokuphazamiseka kwempilo yansuku zonke, kanye nokukhushulwa okunamandla.

Ukweqisa kuyizikhathi lapho izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu khona. Izimpawu zokukhuphuka zingabandakanya ukukhwehlela okhulayo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-mucus okuphuzi noma okuluhlaza, ukuvuthwa okungaphezulu, namazinga e-oxygen aphansi egazini.

Amaqembu A no-B afaka phakathi abantu abangazange babe nokwanda onyakeni odlule noma okuncane kuphela okungadingi ukulaliswa esibhedlela. Izimpawu ezincane ze-dyspnea nezinye izimpawu zingakufaka ku-Group A, ngenkathi i-dyspnea nezimpawu ezibucayi zingakufaka ku-Group B.

Amaqembu C no-D akhombisa ukuthi uke waba nokukhuphuka okungenani okukodwa obefuna ukwamukelwa esibhedlela ngonyaka odlule noma okungenani ukukhushulwa okubili okwenze noma okungadingi ukulaliswa esibhedlela.

Ubunzima nezimpawu zokuphefumula ezinzima zikufaka kuQembu C, ngenkathi ukuba nezinkinga zokuphefumula okuningi kusho ukuqokwa kweQembu D.

Abantu abanesiteji sesi-4, ilebula likaGroup D banombono obucayi kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa akukwazi ukuguqula umonakalo osuvele wenzekile, kepha ungasetshenziswa ukuzama ukwehlisa ukuqhubekela phambili kwe-COPD.

Umbono

Ku-COPD yokugcina, uzodinga oksijini eyengeziwe ukuze uphefumule, futhi ungahle ungakwazi ukuqedela imisebenzi yokuphila kwansuku zonke ngaphandle kokuba nomoya futhi ukhathele kakhulu. Ukuwohloka okungazelelwe kwe-COPD kulesi sigaba kungasongela impilo.

Ngenkathi ukunquma isigaba kanye nebanga le-COPD kuzosiza udokotela wakho ukuthi akhethe izindlela zokwelashwa ezikulungele, lezi akuzona kuphela izici ezithinta umbono wakho. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela nokulandelayo:

Isisindo

Yize ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kungenza ukuphefumula kube nzima kakhulu uma une-COPD, abantu abane-COPD yokuphela kwesikhathi bavame ukuba nesisindo esiphansi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi nesenzo sokudla singadala ukuthi ushaywe umoya kakhulu.

Ngokwengeziwe, kulesi sigaba, umzimba wakho usebenzisa amandla amaningi ukuze uqhubeke nokuphefumula. Lokhu kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwesisindo ngokweqile okuthinta impilo yakho yonke.

Ukuphefumula ngomsebenzi

Leli yizinga othola ngalo ukuphefumula lapho uhamba noma eminye imisebenzi yomzimba. Kungasiza ukunquma ubunzima be-COPD yakho.

Ukuhamba ibanga ngemizuzu eyisithupha

Uma uhamba ibanga elide ngemizuzu eyisithupha, umphumela ongcono ongahle ube nawo nge-COPD.

Ubudala

Ngokukhula, i-COPD izothuthuka ngamandla, futhi umbono uvame ukuba mpofu ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ikakhulukazi kwabadala.

Ukusondela ekungcolisweni komoya

Ukuchayeka ekungcolisweni komoya nentuthu kagwayi kagwayi kungaphinde kulimaze amaphaphu akho nemigwaqo yomoya.

Ukubhema kungathinta nombono. Ngokwalokho okubhekwe kwabesilisa abaneminyaka engama-65 ubudala baseCaucasus, ukubhema kwehlise isikhathi sokuphila salabo abane-COPD yokugcina cishe iminyaka eyisithupha.

Imvamisa yokuvakasha kukadokotela

Isibikezelo sakho kungenzeka sibe ngcono uma unamathela ekwelashweni kwakho okunconyiwe, ulandela konke ukuvakashelwa udokotela okuhleliwe, futhi ugcine udokotela wakho esesikhathini nganoma yiluphi ushintsho kuzimpawu noma isimo sakho. Kufanele wenze ukuqapha izimpawu zakho zamaphaphu futhi usebenze kuqala.

Ukubhekana ne-COPD

Ukubhekana ne-COPD kungaba yinselele ngokwanele ngaphandle kokuzizwa unesizungu futhi wesaba ngalesi sifo. Noma umnakekeli wakho nabantu osondelene nabo besekela futhi bekhuthaza, ungahle uzuze ngokuchitha isikhathi nabanye abane-COPD.

Ukuzwa kumuntu obhekene nesimo esifanayo kungasiza. Bangase bakwazi ukunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile, okufana nempendulo emayelana nemithi ehlukahlukene oyisebenzisayo nokuthi yini ongayilindela.

Ukugcina ikhwalithi yempilo yakho kubaluleke kakhulu kulesi sigaba. Kunezinyathelo zokuphila ongazithatha, njengokuhlola ikhwalithi yomoya nokuzivocavoca umzimba ngokuphefumula. Kodwa-ke, lapho i-COPD yakho ithuthuke ngamandla, ungazuza ekunakekelweni okungeziwe noma kokunakekela abagulayo.

I-Q & A: Ama-humidifiers

Q:

Nginentshisekelo yokuthola isihlanganisi se-COPD yami. Ngabe lokhu kungasiza noma kuzolimaza izimpawu zami?

A:

Uma ukuphefumula kwakho kuzwelana nomoya owomile futhi uhlala endaweni eyomile, lapho-ke kungakuhle ukuzithoba umoya osendlini yakho, ngoba lokhu kungasiza ukuvimbela noma ukunciphisa izimpawu zakho ze-COPD.

Kodwa-ke, uma umoya osekhaya lakho usuvele uswakeme ngokwanele, umswakama omningi kakhulu ungenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuphefumula. Umswakama ongamaphesenti angama-40 uthathwa njengelungele umuntu one-COPD.

Ngaphezu kwesifinyisi, ungathenga futhi i-hygrometer ukukala umswakama ngokunembile ngaphakathi kwekhaya lakho.

Okunye ukucatshangelwa nge-humidifier kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlanzwa nokunakekelwa kwenziwa kahle kuso ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuba kube itheku lesikhunta nokunye ukungcola, okungagcina kulimaze ukuphefumula kwakho.

Ekugcineni, uma ucabanga ukusebenzisa i-humidifier, kufanele uqale usebenzise lokhu ngudokotela wakho, ongakusiza unqume ukuthi ngabe lokhu kungaba yindlela ewusizo yokuthuthukisa ukuphefumula kwakho ngokuya ngesimo sakho.