Ischizophrenia: kuyini, izinhlobo eziyinhloko nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Yiziphi izinhlobo
• 1. I-paranoid schizophrenia
• 2. ICatophonic Schizophrenia
• 3. IsiHeberu noma iSchizophrenia engahlelekile
• 4. I-schizophrenia engafani
• 5. I-schizophrenia eseleyo
• Yini ebangela i-schizophrenia
• Yelashwa kanjani
• I-schizophrenia yobuntwana

ISchizophrenia yisifo sezifo zengqondo esibonakala ngezinguquko ekusebenzeni kwengqondo ezidala ukuphazamiseka ekucabangeni nasemizweni, izinguquko ekuziphatheni, ngaphezu kokulahlekelwa umqondo weqiniso nokwahlulela okunzima.

Yize ivame kakhulu phakathi kweminyaka eyi-15 nengama-35 ubudala, i-schizophrenia ingavela kunoma yimuphi unyaka, futhi imvamisa ibonakala ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, njenge-paranoid, i-catatonic, i-hebephrenic noma i-undifferentiated, ngokwesibonelo, abakhombisa izimpawu ezisukela ekuboneni imibono, ukukhohlisa, ukungabi nabantu isimilo, ukulahleka kwesisusa noma izinguquko kwimemori.

I-Schizophrenia ithinta cishe u-1% wabantu, futhi noma ingenayo ikhambi, ingalawulwa kahle ngemithi elwa ne-psychotic, efana neRisperidone, Quetiapine noma iClozapine, ngokwesibonelo, eholwa ngudokotela wezifo zengqondo, ngaphezu kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha, njenge-psychotherapy kanye nokwelashwa emsebenzini, njengendlela yokusiza isiguli ukuba sivuselele futhi siphinde singene emndenini nasemphakathini.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Kunezimpawu eziningana ezikhona kumuntu one-schizophrenia, engahluka ngokuya komuntu ngamunye kanye nohlobo lwe-schizophrenia olwenziwe, futhi lubandakanye nezimpawu ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-positive (eziqala ukwenzeka), ezingezinhle (ebezijwayelekile, kodwa ziyeke ukwenzeka)) noma ukuqonda (ubunzima bokucubungula imininingwane).

Okuyinhloko yilezi:

• Ukudukiswa, okuvela lapho umuntu ekholelwa ngokuqinile kokuthile okungekhona okwangempela, njengokuhlukunyezwa, ukukhashelwa noma onamandla amakhulu, ngokwesibonelo. Ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi yini i-delirium, izinhlobo nokuthi ziyini izimbangela;
• Ukusangana, ukuqonda okucacile nokucacile kwezinto ezingekho, njengokuzwa amaphimbo noma ukubona imibono;
• Ukucabanga okungahlelekile, lapho umuntu ekhuluma khona izinto ezinqanyuliwe nezingasho lutho;
• Ukungajwayelekile endleleni yokuhamba, ngokunyakaza okungahambisani nokuzibandakanya, ngaphezu kwe-catatonism, ebonakala ngokungahambi kokunyakaza, ubukhona bokunyakaza okuphindaphindwayo, ukugqolozela, ama-grimace, ukunanela kwenkulumo noma ukuba yisimungulu, isibonelo;
• Izinguquko zokuziphatha, kungaba nokuqubuka kwengqondo, ulaka, ukuyaluza kanye nengozi yokuzibulala;
• Izimpawu ezingezinhle, njengokulahlekelwa yintando noma ukuqala, ukungazwakali ngokomzwelo, ukuhlala wedwa emphakathini, ukungazinakekeli;
• Ukunganaki nokunaka;
• Izinguquko zememori nobunzima bokufunda.

ISchizophrenia ingavela ngokuzumayo, ngezinsuku, noma kancane kancane, ngezinguquko ezivela kancane kancane ezinyangeni kuye eminyakeni. Imvamisa, izimpawu zokuqala zibonwa ngamalungu omndeni noma abangane abaseduze, ababona ukuthi lo muntu usola kakhulu, udidekile, akahlelekile noma ukude.

Ukuqinisekisa i-schizophrenia, udokotela wezifo zengqondo uzohlola ukusethwa kwezimpawu nezimpawu ezethulwe ngumuntu futhi, uma kunesidingo, a-oda izivivinyo ezifana ne-computed tomography noma i-magnetic resonance imaging yokhakhayi ukukhipha ezinye izifo ezingadala izimpawu zengqondo, njengobuchopho isimila noma ukuwohloka komqondo, isibonelo. isibonelo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo

I-Classical schizophrenia ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, ngokuya ngezimpawu eziyinhloko umuntu anazo. Kodwa-ke, ngokwe-DSM V, ehlukanisa ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuhlukahlukene, ukuba khona kwama-subtypes amaningana akusabhekwa, ngoba ngokocwaningo oluningi akukho mehluko ekuziphendukeleni nasekwelapheni uhlobo ngalunye.

Noma kunjalo, ukuhlukaniswa okudala kufaka phakathi ukutholakala kwalezi zinhlobo:

1. I-paranoid schizophrenia

Luhlobo oluvame kakhulu, lapho ukukhohlisa kanye nemibono kusuke kuxhaphake kakhulu, ikakhulukazi amazwi okuzwa, kanye nezinguquko ekuziphatheni, njengokuxokozela, ukungahlaliseki, nakho kuvamile. Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-paranoid schizophrenia.

2. ICatophonic Schizophrenia

Kubonakala ngokuba khona kwe-catatonism, lapho umuntu engasabeli kahle emvelweni, ngokuhamba kancane noma ukukhubazeka komzimba, lapho umuntu angahlala khona endaweni efanayo amahora kuye ezinsukwini, ehamba kancane noma engakhulumi, ukuphindaphindwa kwamagama noma imishwana umuntu asanda kuyisho, kanye nokuphindaphindwa kokunyakaza okuyinqaba, ukwenza ubuso noma ukugqolozela.

Uhlobo olungajwayelekile kakhulu lwe-schizophrenia, futhi okunzima kakhulu ukulwelapha, ngengozi yezinkinga ezinjengokungondleki noma ukuzilimaza, isibonelo.

3. IsiHeberu noma iSchizophrenia engahlelekile

Ukucabanga okungahlelekile kudlangile, kunezitatimende ezingenangqondo nangaphandle komongo, ngaphezu kokuba khona kwezimpawu ezingezinhle, njengokungabi nandaba, ukuzihlukanisa nomphakathi kanye nokulahlekelwa yikhono lokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke.

4. I-schizophrenia engafani

Kuvela lapho kunezimpawu zeschizophrenia, noma kunjalo, umuntu akazilingani nezinhlobo ezishiwo.

5. I-schizophrenia eseleyo

Kuyindlela engapheli yesifo. Kwenzeka lapho inqubo ye-schizophrenia yenzeka esikhathini esedlule, kepha ayisebenzi njengamanje, kepha-ke, zisekhona izimpawu ezingezinhle njengokuhamba kancane, ukuhlala wedwa emphakathini, ukungathathi isinyathelo noma uthando, ukubukeka kobuso okunciphile noma ukungazinakekeli, isibonelo .

Yini ebangela i-schizophrenia

Imbangela ngqo yokuthi yini ebangela i-schizophrenia ayikaziwa, kepha-ke, kuyaziwa ukuthi ukukhula kwayo kuthonywa zombili izakhi zofuzo, ngoba kunengozi enkulu emndenini ofanayo, kanye nangezici zemvelo, ezingabandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. njengensangu, ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, abazali lapho sebekhulile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukungondleki kahle ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, izinkinga zokubeletha, okuhlangenwe nakho okungalungile kwengqondo noma ukuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba noma ngokocansi.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwe-schizophrenia kuqondiswa ngudokotela wezifo zengqondo, ngemithi elwa ne-psychotic, efana ne-Risperidone, i-Quetiapine, i-Olanzapine noma i-Clozapine, ngokwesibonelo, esiza ukulawula izimpawu ezinhle kakhulu, njengokusangana, ukukhohlisa noma izinguquko ekuziphatheni.

Eminye imithi ye-anxiolytic, efana ne-Diazepam, noma i-mood stabilizers, njenge-Carbamazepine, ingasetshenziselwa ukuqeda izimpawu uma kwenzeka kuba nokuxakaniseka noma ukukhathazeka, ngaphezu kwe-anti-depressants, njenge-Sertraline, kungakhonjiswa esimweni sokudangala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-psychotherapy kanye nokwelashwa komsebenzi kuyadingeka, njengendlela yokufaka isandla ekuvuseleleni kangcono nasekuvuseleleni kabusha isiguli empilweni yomphakathi. Ukuqondiswa komndeni nokuqashwa ngamathimba wokuxhasa umphakathi kanye nomphakathi nakho kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokwenza ngcono ukwelashwa.

I-schizophrenia yobuntwana

I-schizophrenia yezingane ibizwa nge-early schizophrenia, njengoba ingajwayelekile ezinganeni. Iveza izimpawu nezinhlobo ezifanayo njenge-schizophrenia kubantu abadala, noma kunjalo, imvamisa iba nokuqala kancane, okuvame ukuba nzima ukuyichaza ukuthi yaqala nini ukuvela.

Izinguquko ekucabangeni zivame kakhulu, kunemibono engahlelekile, ukukhohlisa, ukubona izinto ezingekho kanye nokuxhumana nabantu okunzima. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngodokotela bengqondo bengane, kusetshenziswa imishanguzo efana neHaloperidol, iRisperidone noma i-Olanzapine, ngokwesibonelo, nokwelashwa kwengqondo, ukwelashwa emsebenzini nokuholwa komndeni nakho kubalulekile.