Ukuhlolwa okungu-6 ukuthola umdlavuza webele (ngaphezu kwe-mammography)

-Delile

• 1. Ukuhlolwa komzimba
• 2. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• 3. I-Ultrasound yebele
• 4. Ukuzwakala kwamandla kazibuthe
• 5. Ukuhlolwa kwesifuba
• 6. UKUHLOLA KWENHLANZI

Ukuhlolwa okusetshenziswe kakhulu ukukhomba umdlavuza webele kusenesikhathi yi-mammography, equkethe i-X-ray ekuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini izilonda ezicutshini zamabele ngaphambi kokuba owesifazane abe nezimpawu zomdlavuza, njengobuhlungu besifuba noma uketshezi khipha engonweni. Bona izimpawu eziyi-12 ezingakhombisa umdlavuza webele.

Imammography kufanele yenziwe okungenani njalo eminyakeni emi-2 kusukela eminyakeni yobudala engama-40, kepha abesifazane abanomlando wesifo somdlavuza webele emndenini kufanele bahlolwe minyaka yonke kusukela eminyakeni yobudala engama-35, kuze kufike eminyakeni engama-69 ubudala. Uma imiphumela ye-mammogram ikhombisa noma yiluphi uhlobo loshintsho, udokotela anga-oda enye i-mammogram, i-ultrasound, i-MRI noma i-biopsy ukuqinisekisa ubukhona boshintsho nokuthi uyaqinisekisa yini noma cha ukuxilongwa komdlavuza.

Kukhona ezinye izivivinyo ezingasiza ukukhomba nokuqinisekisa umdlavuza webele, njenge:

1. Ukuhlolwa komzimba

Ukuhlolwa komzimba wukuhlolwa okwenziwa ngudokotela wezifo zabesifazane ngokushaya izandla ebeleni ukukhomba amaqhuqhuva nezinye izinguquko esifubeni sowesifazane. Kodwa-ke, akusikho ukuhlolwa okunembe kakhulu, ngoba kukhombisa kuphela ukutholakala kwamaqhuqhuva, ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa ukuthi kuyisilonda esibi noma esibi, ngokwesibonelo. Ngakho-ke, udokotela uvame ukuncoma ukwenza izivivinyo ezithile, njenge-mammography, ngokwesibonelo.

Lokhu kuvame ukuba ukuhlolwa kokuqala okwenziwa lapho owesifazane enezimpawu zomdlavuza webele noma ethola izinguquko ngesikhathi sokuzihlola amabele.

Bheka ukuthi ungazihlola kanjani ekhaya noma ubuke ividiyo elandelayo, echaza ngokusobala ukuthi ungazihlola kanjani kahle:

2. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuyasiza ekuhlolweni komdlavuza webele, ngoba imvamisa uma kunenqubo yomdlavuza, amanye amaprotheni athize ukugxila kwawo kukhuphuka egazini, njenge-CA125, CA 19.9, CEA, MCA, AFP, CA 27.29 noma i-CA 15.3, okuvame ukuba umaka ocelwa kakhulu ngudokotela. Qonda ukuthi yini ukuhlolwa kwe-CA nokuthi kwenziwa kanjani 15.3.

Ngaphezu kokubaluleka ukusiza ekutholeni umdlavuza webele, izimpawu zomuthi zingazisa nodokotela ngempendulo yokwelashwa nokuphindaphinda komdlavuza webele.

Ngaphezu kokumakwa kwesimila, kungukuhlaziywa kwesampula segazi lapho kungaguqulwa khona ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ezicindezela i-tumor, i-BRCA1 ne-BRCA2, okuthi lapho kuguqulwa kungabeka phambili kumdlavuza webele. Lo mqondo wezakhi zofuzo unconyelwa labo abanezihlobo eziseduze ezitholwe benomdlavuza webele ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-50, ngokwesibonelo. Funda kabanzi ngokuhlolwa kofuzo komdlavuza webele.

3. I-Ultrasound yebele

I-ultrasound yamabele ukuhlolwa okuvame ukwenziwa ngemuva kokuthi owesifazane enze i-mammogram futhi umphumela ushintshile. Lokhu kuhlolwa kufaneleke kakhulu kwabesifazane abanamabele amakhulu, aqinile, ikakhulukazi uma kunamacala omdlavuza webele emndenini. Kulezi zimo, i-ultrasound ingumphelelisi omkhulu we-mammography, ngoba lolu vivinyo alukwazi ukukhombisa amaqhuqhuva amancane kwabesifazane abanamabele amakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, lapho owesifazane engenamacala emndenini, futhi enamabele angabonakala kabanzi kwi-mammography, i-ultrasound ayithathi indawo ye-mammography. Bona ukuthi ngubani osengozini enkulu yomdlavuza webele.

4. Ukuzwakala kwamandla kazibuthe

I-Magnetic resonance imaging isivivinyo esisetshenziswa ikakhulu lapho kunengozi enkulu yowesifazane onomdlavuza webele, ikakhulukazi uma kuba nezinguquko emiphumeleni ye-mammography noma ye-ultrasound. Ngakho-ke, ukucabanga ngamagnetic resonance kusiza udokotela wezifo zabesifazane ukuthi aqinisekise ukutholakala nokuthola ubukhulu bomdlavuza, kanye nokuba khona kwezinye izingosi ezingathinteka.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-MRI, owesifazane kufanele alale ngesisu, esekela isifuba sakhe epulatifomu ekhethekile ebavimbela ukuthi bacindezelwe, okuvumela isithombe esingcono sezicubu zamabele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile futhi ukuthi owesifazane ahlale ezolile futhi ethule ngangokunokwenzeka ukugwema ukudala izinguquko ezithombeni ngenxa yokuhamba komzimba.

5. Ukuhlolwa kwesifuba

I-Biopsy imvamisa isivivinyo sokugcina sokuxilonga esisetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala komdlavuza, njengoba lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa elabhoratri ngamasampuli athathwe ngqo ezilondeni zamabele, okukuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini amaseli ezimila okuthi uma ekhona aqinisekise ukutholakala umdlavuza.

Ngokuvamile, i-biopsy yenziwa ehhovisi le-gynecologist noma i-pathologist ene-anesthesia yendawo, ngoba kuyadingeka ukufaka inaliti esifubeni kuze kube yilapho isilonda sifuna izingcezu ezincane ze-nodule noma inguquko ekhonjwe kwezinye izivivinyo zokuxilonga.

6. UKUHLOLA KWENHLANZI

Ukuhlolwa kwe-FISH ukuhlolwa kofuzo okungenziwa ngemuva kokuhlolwa komzimba, lapho kutholakala ukuthi unomdlavuza webele, ukusiza udokotela ukuthi akhethe uhlobo lwezokwelapha olufanele kakhulu ukuqeda umdlavuza.

Kulesi sivivinyo, isampula elithathwe ku-biopsy lihlaziywa elabhorethri ukukhomba izakhi zofuzo ezithile ezisuka kumaseli omdlavuza, ezaziwa njenge-HER2, okuthi uma zikhona, zazise ukuthi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu komdlavuza kunento yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali eyaziwa njengeTrastuzumab, ngokwesibonelo .