Ukungasebenzi Okuphezulu
-Delile
- Izibonelo zomsebenzi wokuphatha
- Ziyini izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle?
- ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha
- ukudana
- ukuphazamiseka okuphoqelela ngokweqile
- schizophrenia
- Izinkinga ze-fetal alcohol spectrum
- ukukhubazeka ekufundeni
- i-autism
- Isifo i-Alzheimer's
- umlutha wezidakamizwa noma wotshwala
- ukucindezeleka noma ukungalali kahle
Ukulimala kwengqondo okulimazayo kungadala ukungasebenzi kahle, ikakhulukazi uma kube khona ukulimala kuma-lobes wakho angaphambili. Ama-lobes akho angaphambili ahlotshaniswa nokuziphatha nokufunda, kanye nezinqubo zokucabanga eziphakeme njengokuhlela nokuhleleka.
Kukhona nokuthi umsebenzi wokuphatha ungaba ngofuzo.
Utholakala kanjani umsebenzi ophethe?
- Kuphathwa kanjani ukungasebenzi kahle?
- Uyini umbono wokungasebenzi kahle kwabaphathi?
Uyini umsebenzi wokuphatha?
Umsebenzi we-Executive iqoqo lamakhono akwenza ukwazi ukwenza izinto ezinjengalezi:
- Lalela
- khumbula imininingwane
- imisebenzi eminingi
Amakhono asetshenziswa ku:
- ukuhlela
- inhlangano
- ukuhlela amasu
- ukunaka imininingwane emincane
- ukuphathwa kwesikhathi
Lawa makhono aqala ukukhula azungeze iminyaka engu-2 ubudala futhi akhiwa ngokuphelele eneminyaka engama-30.
Ukungasebenzi okuphezulu kungachaza ubunzima kunoma yiliphi lalamakhono noma isimilo. Kungaba wuphawu lwesinye isimo noma umphumela ovela emcimbini onjengokulimala kwengqondo okulimazayo.
Kwesinye isikhathi ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-executive kubizwa ngokuthi yi-executive function disorder (EFD). I-EFD ayaziwa emtholampilo kwiDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) esetshenziswa odokotela bezempilo yengqondo.
Izibonelo zomsebenzi wokuphatha
Imisebenzi ephezulu (EFs) iyiqembu lezinqubo zengqondo. Ukuthi kunemisebenzi emithathu eyinhloko yokuphatha:
- ukuvimbela, okubandakanya ukuzithiba nokunaka okukhethiwe
- imemori yokusebenza
- ukuguquguquka kwengqondo
Lokhu kwakha izimpande eminye imisebenzi evela kuzo. Eminye imisebenzi yokuphatha ifaka phakathi:
- ukubonisana
- ukuxazululwa kwenkinga
- ukuhlela
Le misebenzi iyadingeka ekukhuleni okunempilo. Babaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwakho emsebenzini noma esikoleni.
Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, ama-EF akhombisa izinto ezifana nalezi:
- ikhono "lokuhamba nokugeleza" uma izinhlelo ziguquka
- wenza umsebenzi wesikole lapho ufuna ukuphuma ngempela udlale
- ngikhumbula ukuthatha zonke izincwadi zakho nomsebenzi wesikole ekhaya
- ukukhumbula okudingayo ukuze ucoshe esitolo
- ukulandela izicelo eziyinkimbinkimbi noma ezinemininingwane noma imiyalo
- ukwazi ukuhlela nokwenza umsebenzi
Ziyini izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle?
Izimpawu zokukhubazeka okuphezulu zingahluka. Akuwona wonke umuntu onalesi simo ozoba nezimpawu ezifanayo ngqo. Izimpawu zingafaka:
- ukubeka kabi amaphepha, umsebenzi wesikole, noma umsebenzi noma izinto zesikole
- ubunzima bokulawulwa kwesikhathi
- ubunzima bokuhlela amashejuli
- unenkinga yokugcina ihhovisi lakho noma igumbi lakho lokulala lihlelekile
- ukulahlekelwa njalo izinto zomuntu siqu
- ubunzima bokubhekana nokukhungatheka noma izithiyo
- unenkinga ngokukhumbula inkumbulo noma ukulandela izinkomba ze-multistep
- ukungakwazi ukuziqapha ngokwakho imizwa noma isimilo
ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha
Ukulimala kwengqondo okulimazayo kungadala ukungasebenzi kahle, ikakhulukazi uma kube khona ukulimala kuma-lobes wakho angaphambili. Ama-lobes akho angaphambili ahlotshaniswa nokuziphatha nokufunda, kanye nezinqubo zokucabanga eziphakeme njengokuhlela nokuhleleka.
Kukhona nokuthi umsebenzi wokuphatha ungaba ngofuzo.
Utholakala kanjani umsebenzi ophethe?
Azikho izindlela ezithile zokuxilonga zokungasebenzi kahle, ngoba akusona isimo esithile esibhalwe ku-DSM. Esikhundleni salokho, ukungasebenzi okuphezulu kuyisici esivamile ezinkingeni okukhulunywe ngazo ekuqaleni.
Uma usola ukuthi unokukhubazeka okuphezulu, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Bazokuhlola ukuze babone ukuthi asikho yini isimo somzimba esidala izimpawu zakho. Bangase futhi bakudlulisele kudokotela wezinzwa, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, noma isazi sokuzwa ngokuhlola okuqhubekayo.
Akunasivivinyo esisodwa esikhomba ukungasebenzi okuphezulu. Kepha kunezinhlobonhlobo zamathuluzi wokuhlola kanye nezindlela ezifana nezingxoxo zokubona ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukungasebenzi kahle okuphethe, nokuthi ngabe kuhlotshaniswa nesimo esivele sikhona.
Uma ukhathazekile ngomsebenzi wokuphatha wengane yakho, wena nothisha bazo nigcwalisa i-Behaeve Rating Inventory of Executive Function. Lokhu kuzonikeza imininingwane eminingi ngokuziphatha.
Olunye uvivinyo olungasetshenziswa lubandakanya:
- Ama-Conner 3, isikali sokulinganisa esivame ukusetshenziswa nge-ADD ne-EFD
- Ukushoda kweBarkley ku-Executive Functioning Scale Yabantu Abadala
- Isamba Esiphelele Somsebenzi Wokusungula
Kuphathwa kanjani ukungasebenzi kahle?
Ukwelapha ukungasebenzi kahle kwabaphathi kuyinqubo eqhubekayo futhi kuvame ukuba yimpilo yonke. Ukwelashwa kungancika ezimeni nasezinhlotsheni ezithile zokungasebenzi kahle okukhona. Ungahluka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kuya ngama-EFs athile ayinselele.
Ezinganeni, ukwelashwa kubandakanya ukusebenza nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zabelaphi, kufaka phakathi:
- abelaphi bezinkulumo
- abafundisi
- izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo
- abelaphi emsebenzini
Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha nokuziphatha kungasiza kubantu abanokungasebenzi okuphezulu. Imithi egxile ekwakheni amasu okubhekana nokungasebenzi kahle okuthile nayo iyasiza. Lokhu kungafaka ukusebenzisa:
- amanothi anamathele
- izinhlelo zokusebenza zenhlangano
- Isilinganiso
Imithi iye yaba usizo kwabanye abantu abanezinkinga ze-EF. Ngokusho, izingxenye zobuchopho bakho ezidlala indima kuma-EF zisebenzisa i-dopamine njenge-neurotransmitter eyinhloko. Ngakho-ke, ama-dopamine agonists nabaphikisi basebenze ngempumelelo.
Uyini umbono wokungasebenzi kahle kwabaphathi?
Ukukhubazeka okuphezulu kungaphazamisa impilo, isikole, nomsebenzi uma kungalashwa. Uma sekutholakele, kunezindlela zokwelashwa namasu ahlukahlukene angasetshenziswa ukusiza ukuthuthukisa ama-EF. Lokhu kuzophinde kuthuthukise ukusebenza nomsebenzi wesikole futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yempilo yakho noma yengane yakho.
Izinkinga ezinomsebenzi wokuphatha ziyelapheka. Uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho ingaba nezinkinga ze-EF, unganqikazi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho.
Ukukhetha Kwethu
