Ukuqonda Imemori Ecacile

-Delile

• Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zememori ecacile?
• Yiziphi ezinye izibonelo zememori ecacile?
• Izinkumbulo zesikhathi eside zenziwa kanjani?
• Isinyathelo 1: Encoding
• Isinyathelo 2: Isitoreji
• Isinyathelo 3: Ukubuyisa
• Imemori ecacile iqhathanisa kanjani nememori engafakwanga?
• Ungayithuthukisa inkumbulo yakho yesikhathi eside?
• Okubalulekile

Imemori ibhekisa enqubeni ubuchopho bakho obuthatha ngayo imininingwane, buyigcine, bese buyithola kamuva.

Unezinhlobo ezintathu zememori:

• Imemori yezinzwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi lokho okungenayo njengamanje ngezinzwa zakho. Luhlobo olufushane kakhulu lwememori.
• Inkumbulo yesikhashana. Izinkumbulo zesikhashana esifushane zivame ukuhlala isikhathi esingaphansi komzuzu, noma kwesinye isikhathi zingaba izinkumbulo zesikhathi eside.
• Inkumbulo yesikhathi eside. Izinkumbulo zesikhathi eside zingahlala izinsuku kuye eminyakeni.

Imemori ecacile uhlobo lwememori yesikhathi eside ethinta ukukhumbula amaqiniso nemicimbi. Ungabona futhi inkumbulo ecacile ebizwa ngokuthi inkumbulo ehlukanisayo.

Imemori ecacile idinga ukuthi ukhumbule ngokucophelela imininingwane. Isibonelo, ake ucabange othile ekubuza ukuthi inhlokodolobha yaseFrance iyini. Ukuphendula, ungahle ufinyelele kwimemori yakho ukuthola impendulo eyiyo: EParis.

Funda ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngememori ecacile, izinhlobo zayo ezihlukile, nokuthi ungayithuthukisa kanjani inkumbulo yakho yesikhathi eside.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zememori ecacile?

Imemori ecacile ingahlukaniswa ngokwehlukana ngezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene: inkumbulo ye-semantic ne-episodic.

Inkumbulo yesemantic ifaka amaqiniso nolwazi jikelele. Lokhu kungahluka kusuka ezintweni ezinjengamaqiniso athile wesayensi kuye emiqondweni emikhulu, engaqondakali.

Inkumbulo ye-Episodic iphathelene nezinto ezithile noma okuhlangenwe nakho okwenzeke kuwe.

Yiziphi ezinye izibonelo zememori ecacile?

Kokubili inkumbulo yakho ye-semantic ne-episodic ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwakho kwansuku zonke.

Isibonelo, i- inkumbulo ye-semantic kungakusiza:

• yazi ukuthi igama elithi "isikebhe" lisho umkhumbi wamanzi osayizi abahlukahlukene
• khumbula ukuthi iWashington, D.C., iyinhloko-dolobha yase-U.S.
• bona izici ezihlukanisayo ezihlukanisa isilwane njengenja

Okwakho inkumbulo episodic, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingakusiza:

• khumbula uhambo oluya eLondon owaluthatha nabangane bakho ababili abakhulu eminyakeni embalwa edlule
• khumbula isidlo sakusihlwa esimnandi owaba naso endaweni yokudlela oyithandayo
• cabanga ngomkhosi wakho wokuthweswa iziqu esikoleni esiphakeme

Izinkumbulo zesikhathi eside zenziwa kanjani?

Izinkumbulo zesikhathi eside, kufaka phakathi izinkumbulo ezicacile, zenziwa phakathi kwezinyathelo ezintathu.

Isinyathelo 1: Encoding

Kulesi sigaba, izinzwa zakho zithatha imininingwane emvelweni yakho bese ziyithumela ebuchosheni bakho. Ukusuka lapho, imininingwane ingena kwimemori yakho.

Izinga lokucubungula okwenzekayo lingahluka kusuka kokungajulile (kugxile kuzici zomzimba, umbala, noma usayizi) kuya ekujuleni (kugxile encazelweni yento noma ebudlelwaneni bayo nezinye izinto).

Isinyathelo 2: Isitoreji

Uma imemori isifakiwe, ilungele ukugcinwa ebuchosheni bakho. Ekugcinweni, izinkumbulo zingagcinwa isikhathi eside.

Imemori eyodwa yesikhathi eside ingagcinwa ezingxenyeni eziningi zobuchopho bakho. Isibonelo, izingxenye ezibukwayo zememori zigcinwa endaweni yobuchopho ehlotshaniswa nombono.

Isinyathelo 3: Ukubuyisa

Ukubuyisa kuyinqubo yokukhumbula imininingwane efakwe kwikhodi futhi yagcinwa njengememori. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho kuphendulwa izinkomba zokubuyisa, noma izinto ezikwenza ukuthi ufune imemori.

Isibonelo, uma othile ekubuza umbuzo we-trivia, lokho kuyindlela yakho yokubuyisa ukusesha imemori yakho ngolwazi oluthile.

Kwesinye isikhathi, ukubuyisa kwenzeka ngokuzikhandla. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungathatha umsebenzi omncane.

Imemori ecacile iqhathanisa kanjani nememori engafakwanga?

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zememori yesikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwememori ecacile, kukhona nememori engafakwanga.

Imemori engafakwanga, kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi inkumbulo engeyona eyokumemezela, ifaka indlela okuhlangenwe nakho okuthinta ngayo isimilo sethu. Ngokungafani nenkumbulo ecacile, edinga ukwenza umzamo oqondile wokukhumbula imininingwane, inkumbulo ephelele isebenza ngokungazi.

Isibonelo esihle sememori efakiwe siyashayela, okuyinto ovele uyenze. Yize ungafundisa umuntu ukuthi yini okudingeka ayenze ukuze akwazi ukushayela imoto, awukwazi ukumfundisa kahle ukuthi ingakanani ingcindezi yokufaka igesi noma iphedali yamabhuleki.

Ungayithuthukisa inkumbulo yakho yesikhathi eside?

Ufuna ukwenza kahle imemori yakho ukuze isebenze kahle ngangokunokwenzeka? Amathiphu alandelayo angasiza ukukhulisa inkumbulo yakho yesikhathi eside futhi uvikele ukulahleka kwememori:

• Lala kakhulu. Ukulala kubalulekile ukuhlanganisa izinkumbulo zakho ukuze uzikhumbule ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma uzama ukwenza okuthile kwimemori yakho yesikhathi eside, zama ukuyikhumbula ngaphambi nje kokulala.
• Gwema ukwenza izinto eziningi. Ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi ngokwemvelo kuhlukanisa ukunaka kwakho. Ingaphazamisa inqubo yokufaka ikhodi kwimemori.
• Hlala usebenza. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kwandisa ukugeleza kwegazi emzimbeni wakho, kufaka phakathi ubuchopho bakho. Hlela ukuthola imizuzu engaba ngu-150 yokuzivocavoca umzimba ngeviki. Umsindo othusayo? Yakha uhambo lokuhamba ngezinyawo ngokushesha, noma imizuzu nje engu-15, ungene esimeni sakho sansuku zonke.
• Nikeza ubuchopho bakho ukuzivocavoca, futhi. Njengokuzivocavoca umzimba, ukuzivocavoca kwengqondo kungasiza ekugcineni ubuchopho bakho busesimweni esihle. Yenza izinto ezikwenza ucabange, njengama-crossword puzzle noma ukufunda ikhono elisha.
• Gcina ukudla okunempilo. Gxila kokudla okunomsoco, kufaka phakathi imifino emnyama, enamaqabunga nezinhlanzi ezinamafutha.
• Zigcine uhlelekile.Bhala phansi uhlu lwakho lwezinto okufanele zenziwe, noma ugcine ama-aphoyintimenti abhalwe ku-notebook. Uma uzama ukufunda okuthile okusha, bhala izifinyezo zakho noma izinhlaka. Lokhu kukusiza ukuthi ubambe iqhaza ekufundeni.

Okubalulekile

Imemori ecacile uhlobo lwememori yesikhathi eside egxile ekukhumbuleni amaqiniso nemicimbi. Kumele wenze umzamo wokukhumbula izinto kusuka kwimemori yakho ecacile.