Kwenzekani Uma Uthola I-Positive Positive for HIV?

-Delile

• Idluliselwa kanjani i-HIV?
• Ukudlulisela ngocansi
• Ukudluliswa kwegazi
• Ukudluliselwa kusuka kumama kuye enganeni
• Itholakala kanjani i-HIV?
• Yini engathinta imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa?
• Ongakwenza
• Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukudluliswa kwe-HIV noma ukutheleleka

Ukubuka konke

I-HIV yigciwane elihlasela amasosha omzimba. Leli gciwane lihlasela ngokukhethekile i-subset yamaseli we-T. Lawa maseli anesibopho sokulwa nokutheleleka. Lapho leli gciwane lihlasela la maseli, linciphisa inani eliphelele lamaseli we-T emzimbeni. Lokhu kwenza amasosha omzimba abe buthakathaka futhi kungenza kube lula ukuthola izifo ezithile.

Ngokungafani namanye amagciwane, amasosha omzimba awakwazi ukususa i-HIV ngokuphelele.Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma umuntu esenegciwane, uzoba nalo impilo yakhe yonke.

Kodwa-ke, umuntu ophila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza osethole imishanguzo ejwayelekile yezidambisigciwane angalindela ukuphila isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuphila. Ukwelashwa njalo ngezidambisi gciwane nakho kunganciphisa igciwane liye egazini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu onamazinga angabonakali we-HIV akakwazi ukudlulisela i-HIV kumlingani wakhe ngesikhathi socansi.

Idluliselwa kanjani i-HIV?

Ukudlulisela ngocansi

Enye indlela i-HIV edluliswa ngayo ngocansi olungenakhondomu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi igciwane lidluliswa ngamanzi athile omzimba, kufaka phakathi:

• uketshezi lwangaphambi kwesidoda
• isidoda
• uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane
• uketshezi olungunxande

Leli gciwane lingadluliselwa ngokuya ocansini ngomlomo, ngesitho sowesifazane sangasese, nangendunu. Ukuya ocansini nekhondomu kuvimbela ukuvezwa.

Ukudluliswa kwegazi

I-HIV nayo ingadluliselwa ngegazi. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka phakathi kwabantu ababelana ngezinaliti noma enye imishini yokujova izidakamizwa. Gwema ukwabelana ngezinaliti ukunciphisa ingozi yokuchayeka kwe-HIV.

Ukudluliselwa kusuka kumama kuye enganeni

Omama bangadlulisela i-HIV ezinganeni zabo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma sokubeletha ngamanzi oketshezi lwangasese. Omama abane-HIV bangalidlulisela nasezinganeni ubisi lwabo lwebele. Kodwa-ke, abesifazane abaningi abaphila ne-HIV banezingane ezinempilo, ezingenayo i-HIV ngokuthola ukunakekelwa okuhle ngaphambi kokubeletha kanye nokwelashwa okuvamile kwe-HIV.

Itholakala kanjani i-HIV?

Abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo basebenzisa i-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, noma i-ELISA test, ukuhlola i-HIV. Lokhu kuhlola kuthola futhi kulinganise amasosha omzimba e-HIV egazini. Isampula yegazi ngokusebenzisa ukubhoboza umunwe linganikeza imiphumela yokuhlolwa okusheshayo engaphansi kwemizuzu engama-30. Isampula yegazi ngomjovo ngokunokwenzeka lizothunyelwa ebhodini lokuhlola. Ngokuvamile kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuthola imiphumela ngale nqubo.

Imvamisa kuthatha amasonto ambalwa ukuthi umzimba ukhiqize amasosha omzimba kuleligciwane uma selingene emzimbeni. Umzimba uvame ukudala la ma-antibodies emasontweni amathathu kuya kwayisithupha ngemuva kokuchayeka ku-virus. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody kungenzeka kungatholi lutho ngalesi sikhathi. Lokhu kwesinye isikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi “inkathi yefasitela.”

Ukuthola imiphumela emihle ye-ELISA akusho ukuthi umuntu une-HIV. Amaphesenti amancane abantu angathola imiphumela engeyinhle. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umphumela uthi banegciwane uma bengenalo. Lokhu kungenzeka uma isivivinyo sithatha amanye ama-antibody kumasosha omzimba.

Yonke imiphumela emihle iqinisekiswa ngokuhlolwa kwesibili. Ukuhlolwa okuningana kokuqinisekisa kuyatholakala. Imvamisa, umphumela oqondile kufanele uqinisekiswe ngokuhlolwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-differentiation assay. Lokhu ukuhlolwa okubucayi kwamasosha omzimba.

Yini engathinta imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa?

Ukuhlolelwa i-HIV kubucayi kakhulu futhi kungaholela ekutholakaleni okungelona iqiniso. Ukuhlolwa kokulandelela kunganquma ukuthi ngabe umuntu une-HIV ngempela yini. Uma imiphumela evela ekuhlolweni kwesibili inokuthi unayo, umuntu uthathwa njenge-HIV.

Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi uthole umphumela ongewona wamanga. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umphumela awutholakali uma empeleni igciwane likhona. Lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu uma umuntu esanda kuthola i-HIV futhi ahlolwe ngesikhathi sewindi. Lesi yisikhathi ngaphambi kokuba umzimba uqale ukukhiqiza ama-antibody e-HIV. La ma-antibody ngokuvamile awekho kuze kube amasonto amane kuya kwayisithupha ngemuva kokuchayeka.

Uma umuntu ethola umphumela ongemuhle kodwa abe nesizathu sokusola ukuthi uthole igciwane lesandulela ngculaza, kufanele ahlele isikhathi sokulandelwa ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuphinda ukuhlolwa.

Ongakwenza

Uma umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ehlonza ukuthi une-HIV, bazosiza ekutholeni ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu. Ukwelashwa kuye kwaphumelela kakhulu eminyakeni edlule, okwenza igciwane lilawuleke ngokwengeziwe.

Ukwelashwa kungaqala ngokushesha ukunciphisa noma ukunciphisa inani lomonakalo kumasosha omzimba. Ukuthatha imishanguzo yokunqanda igciwane liye emazingeni angatholakali egazini nakho kwenza kube nzima ukwedlulisela igciwane komunye umuntu.

Uma umuntu ethola umphumela wokuhlolwa ongemuhle kodwa engaqiniseki ukuthi unembile yini, kufanele aphinde abuyekezwe. Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angasiza ekunqumeni okufanele akwenze kulesi simo.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukudluliswa kwe-HIV noma ukutheleleka

Kunconywa ukuthi abantu abenza ucansi bathathe lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuthola i-HIV:

• Sebenzisa amakhondomu njengoba uyalelwe. Uma esetshenziswa kahle, amakhondomu avimbela uketshezi lomzimba ekuhlanganeni noketshezi lomlingani.
• Nciphisa inani labalingani bakho bezocansi. Ukuba nabalingani abaningi ocansini kukhulisa ingozi yokuchayeka kwi-HIV. Kodwa ukuya ocansini nekhondomu kunganciphisa le ngozi.
• Hlolelwa njalo bese ucela ophathina babo ukuthi bahlolwe. Ukwazi isimo sakho kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokwenza ucansi.

Uma umuntu ecabanga ukuthi usengozini ye-HIV, angaya kumhlinzeki wakhe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuze athole i-post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha imishanguzo ye-HIV ukunciphisa ubungozi bokungenwa yigciwane ngemuva kokutholakala kwalo. I-PEP kumele iqalwe kungakapheli amahora angama-72 wokuvezwa okungenzeka kube khona.