Yini Ebangela Umkhuhlane?

-Delile

• Uyini umkhuhlane?
• Ziyini izimpawu zomkhuhlane?
• Izinkinga zomkhuhlane
• Usakazeka kanjani umkhuhlane?
• Zingaki izinhlobo zamagciwane omkhuhlane akhona?
• Ungavinjelwa kanjani umkhuhlane?
• Wenziwa kanjani umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane?
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Uyini umkhuhlane?

Umkhuhlane, noma umkhuhlane, ukutheleleka ngegciwane okuhlasela amaphaphu, ikhala, nomphimbo. Kuyisifo esithathelanayo sokuphefumula esinezimpawu ezisukela kokumnene kuya kwesinzima.

Umkhuhlane nomkhuhlane ovamile kunezimpawu ezifanayo. Kungaba nzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalezi zifo ezimbili. Ezimweni eziningi, izimpawu zomkhuhlane ziba nzima kakhulu futhi zihlala isikhathi eside kunomkhuhlane ovamile.

Noma ngubani angagula ngomkhuhlane, kepha abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokutheleleka. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5 kanye nabantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu.

Ingozi yomkhuhlane nayo iyanda uma unamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka noma isimo esingelapheki, njenge:

• Isifo senhliziyo
• isifo sezinso
• isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 noma 2

Ziyini izimpawu zomkhuhlane?

Ekuqaleni, umkhuhlane ungalingisa umkhuhlane ovamile. Izimpawu zokuqala zingafaka:

• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• ukuthimula
• ikhala eligijimayo

Izimpawu zivame ukuba zimbi njengoba igciwane liqhubeka futhi lingafaka:

• imfiva
• imisipha ebuhlungu
• Ukugodola komzimba
• ukujuluka
• ikhanda
• ukukhwehlela okomile
• ukuminyana kwamakhala
• ukukhathala
• ubuthakathaka

Umkhuhlane awudingi ukuvakashelwa udokotela. Izimpawu zivame ukuthuthuka ngokwelashwa kwasekhaya esikhathini esingangesonto. Unganciphisa izimpawu ngemithi ebandayo neyomkhuhlane e-over-the-counter (OTC). Kubalulekile futhi ukuphumula kakhulu futhi uphuze uketshezi oluningi.

Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa izinkinga ezivela kumkhuhlane. Uma wena noma ingane yakho nikulelinye lala maqembu asengozini enkulu, funa usizo lwezokwelashwa ngokushesha nje lapho usola umkhuhlane.

Amaqembu anobungozi obukhulu afaka phakathi lawo:

• ngaphansi kweminyaka emibili
• Iminyaka engu-65 noma ngaphezulu
• ukhulelwe noma usanda kubeletha
• 18 noma omncane futhi uthatha imishanguzo equkethe i-aspirin noma i-salicylate
• wozalo lwaseMelika lwaseMelika noma lwase-Alaska
• unesimo esingelapheki, njengesifo sikashukela, i-asthma, isifo senhliziyo, noma i-HIV
• ngihlala ekhaya labahlengikazi noma endaweni yokunakekela

Udokotela wakho angakunika imithi elwa namagciwane. Kuthathwe phakathi kwamahora okuqala angama-48 ezimpawu, ama-antivirals anganciphisa ubude nobukhulu bomkhuhlane.

Izinkinga zomkhuhlane

Iningi labantu liyalulama emkhuhlaneni ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Kodwa kwesinye isikhathi ukutheleleka kwesibili kungakhula, njenge:

• inyumoniya
• i-bronchitis
• ukutheleleka kwezindlebe

Uma izimpawu zakho zihamba bese ubuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, ungahle ube nokutheleleka kwesibili. Bheka udokotela uma usola ukutheleleka kwesibili.

Uma ishiywe ingalashwa, inyumoniya ingasongela impilo.

Usakazeka kanjani umkhuhlane?

Ukuze uzivikele emkhuhlaneni, kungcono ukuqonda ukuthi igciwane lisakazeka kanjani. Umkhuhlane uthelelana kakhulu. Ingasabalala ngokushesha emakhaya, ezikoleni, emahhovisi naphakathi kwamaqembu wabangane.

Ngokusho kuka-, kungenzeka ukuthi udlulisele umkhuhlane kothile kusasele usuku olungu-1 ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu ziqale futhi kuye ezinsukwini ezi-5 kuye kwezi-7 ngemuva kokugula.

Ngemuva kokuhlangana negciwane, uzoqala ukukhombisa izimpawu zingakapheli izinsuku ezi-1 kuye kwezi-4. Ungakwazi nokudlulisela igciwane komunye umuntu ngaphambi kokuba ubone ukuthi uyagula.

Umkhuhlane udluliselwa ngokuyinhloko usuka kumuntu uye komunye umuntu. Uma umuntu ophethwe umkhuhlane ethimula, ekhwehlela, noma ekhuluma, amaconsi avela kubo ahamba emoyeni. Uma la mathonsi ehlangana nekhala noma umlomo, nawe ungagula.

Ungase futhi uthole umkhuhlane kusuka ekuxhawulaneni, ukwangana, nokuthinta indawo noma izinto ezingcoliswe yigciwane. Yingakho kungafanele wabelane ngezitsha noma izingilazi zokuphuza nanoma ngubani, ikakhulukazi umuntu okungenzeka ukuthi uyagula.

Zingaki izinhlobo zamagciwane omkhuhlane akhona?

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zamagciwane omkhuhlane athinta abantu: uhlobo A, uhlobo B, nohlobo C. (Kukhona owesine, uhlobo D, olungathinti abantu.)

Izilwane nabantu bangathola uhlobo lomkhuhlane i-A ngoba igciwane lomkhuhlane lingadluliselwa lisuka ezilwaneni liye kubantu. Leli gciwane liyashintsha njalo futhi lingadala imikhuhlane yonyaka yomkhuhlane.

Umkhuhlane wohlobo B ungadala nokuqubuka kwesizini phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo ngokuvamile alubi kakhulu kunohlobo A futhi lubangela izimpawu ezinzima. Ngezikhathi ezithile, uhlobo B lungadala izinkinga ezinkulu. Uhlobo B lungadluliselwa kubantu lusuke kubantu.

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zidala umkhuhlane wohlobo A no-B.

Umkhuhlane wohlobo C uthinta nabantu nezinye izilwane. Kubangela izimpawu ezimnene kanye nezinkinga ezimbalwa.

Ungavinjelwa kanjani umkhuhlane?

Kubalulekile ukuthi uzivikele wena nomndeni wakho kuleligciwane ngenxa yamandla ezinkinga.

Njengoba igciwane lomkhuhlane lingadluliselwa lisuka kumuntu liye komunye, qiniseka ukuthi ugeza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho noma usebenzisa i-sanitizer yezandla esuselwa kotshwala. Futhi gwema ukuthinta ikhala nomlomo ngezandla ezingageziwe.

Igciwane lomkhuhlane lingaphila ezindaweni eziqinile nasezintweni kuze kufike. Sebenzisa izesuli zokubulala amagciwane noma fafaza ezindaweni ezivame ukuthintwa ekhaya lakho noma emsebenzini ukuze uqhubeke nokuzivikela.

Uma unakekela umuntu onomkhuhlane, gqoka isifihla-buso sobuso ukuze uzivikele. Ungasiza ekunqandeni ukusabalala komkhuhlane ngokumboza ukukhwehlela kwakho nokuthimula. Kungcono ukukhwehlela noma uthimule endololwaneni esikhundleni sezandla zakho.

Ngokwengeziwe, cabanga ukuthola umgomo wokugomela umkhuhlane minyaka yonke. Umuthi wokugoma unconyelwa wonke umuntu oneminyaka engaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Ivikela ezinhlotsheni ezivamile zegciwane lomkhuhlane.

Yize umuthi wokugoma ungasebenzi ngamaphesenti ayi-100, unganciphisa ingozi yomkhuhlane ngokuthi, ngokwe-CDC.

Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ulawulwa ngomjovo engalweni. Kukhona nenketho yokugomela umkhuhlane wamakhaza kubantu abangakhulelwe abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-2 no-49.

Wenziwa kanjani umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane?

Igciwane lomkhuhlane lishintsha unyaka nonyaka. Imishanguzo inikela ukuvikeleka ezifweni ezivame kakhulu zomkhuhlane unyaka nonyaka. Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane usebenza ngokukhuthaza amasosha omzimba ukuthi akhe amasosha omzimba alwa nokutheleleka.

Ukwakha umuthi wokugoma osebenzayo, kunquma ukuthi yibuphi ubunzima begciwane lomkhuhlane obuzofakwa kumuthi wokugoma wangonyaka olandelayo. Umuthi wokugoma uqukethe uhlobo olungasebenzi noma olubuthaka lwegciwane lomkhuhlane.

Leli gciwane lixutshwe nezinye izithako, njengezivimbelakuvunda kanye nezinto zokuqinisa. Lapho usuthole umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane, umzimba wakho uqala ukukhiqiza amasosha omzimba. Lokhu kusiza ukulwa nanoma yikuphi ukuvezwa kwegciwane.

Ngemuva kokudutshulwa umkhuhlane, ungaba nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, njengomkhuhlane osezingeni eliphansi, ikhanda elibuhlungu, noma izinhlungu zemisipha.

Noma kunjalo, ukudutshulwa komkhuhlane akubangeli umkhuhlane. Lezi zimpawu zihlala zingakapheli amahora angama-24 kuya kwangu-48. Inkinga evame kakhulu yokugomela umkhuhlane ubumnene endaweni yokujova.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ongakwenza ngomkhuhlane:

• Thola umkhuhlane. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukukuvikela ezinkingeni ezisongela impilo ezifana ne-pneumonia.
• Kuthatha amasonto amabili ukuthi umzimba wakho wenze amasosha omkhuhlane ngemuva kokuthola umgomo. Ngokushesha uthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane, kuba ngcono.
• Uma une-allergies yeqanda, usengagonywa. Kubantu abanenkinga yokungezwani komzimba namaqanda abanzima, batusa ukugoma kusimo sezokwelapha esingalapha ukungezwani komzimba. Ezinye izinhlobo zomuthi wokugoma zingaqukatha umkhondo wamaprotheni amaqanda, kepha ukusabela okweqile kuzokwenzeka.
• Geza izandla zakho njalo.
• Khohlela bese uthimula endololwaneni yakho.
• Sula izindawo ezivame ukuthintwa ekhaya lakho nasehhovisi.