Ukuqaphela Izimpawu Zomkhuhlane

-Delile

• Izimpawu zomkhuhlane ezivamile
• Izimpawu zomkhuhlane ophuthumayo
• Izimpawu ezinzima
• Lapho abantu abadala kufanele bafune usizo oluphuthumayo
• Lapho ukufuna ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kwezinsana nezingane
• Izimpawu zenyumoniya
• Umkhuhlane wesisu
• Ukwelapha umkhuhlane
• Ukuvimbela umkhuhlane
• Umbono

Uyini umkhuhlane?

Izimpawu zomkhuhlane ezivamile zomkhuhlane, ubuhlungu bomzimba, nokukhathala kungashiya abaningi bevalele embhedeni baze babe ngcono. Izimpawu zomkhuhlane zizovela noma yikuphi kusuka ngemuva kokutheleleka.

Zivame ukuvela ngokuzumayo futhi zibe nzima impela. Ngenhlanhla, izimpawu ngokuvamile zihamba ngaphakathi.

Kwabanye abantu, ikakhulukazi labo abasengozini enkulu, umkhuhlane ungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu kakhulu. Ukuvuvukala emigwaqeni emincane yamaphaphu ngokutheleleka, okwaziwa ngokuthi yi-pneumonia, kuyinkinga ehlobene kakhulu nomkhuhlane. I-pneumonia ingasongela impilo kubantu abasengozini enkulu noma uma ishiywe ingalashwa.

Izimpawu zomkhuhlane ezivamile

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zomkhuhlane yilezi:

• umkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-100.4˚F (38˚C)
• Ukugodola
• ukukhathala
• ubuhlungu bomzimba nemisipha
• ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• ikhanda
• ukukhwehlela okomile
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• ikhala eligijimayo noma eligcwele

Ngenkathi izimpawu eziningi zizokwehla isonto elilodwa kuya kwamabili ngemuva kokuqala, ukukhwehlela okomile nokukhathala okujwayelekile kungahlala amasonto ambalwa.

Ezinye izimpawu zomkhuhlane zihlanganisa isiyezi, ukuthimula nokuthimula. I-nausea nokuhlanza akuzona izimpawu ezivamile kubantu abadala, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zenzeka ezinganeni.

Izimpawu zomkhuhlane ophuthumayo

Abantu abasengozini enkulu yezinkinga zomkhuhlane bahlanganisa labo:

• bangaphansi kweminyaka engu-5 (ikakhulukazi labo abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-2 ubudala)
• uneminyaka engu-18 noma ngaphansi futhi uthatha imishanguzo equkethe i-aspirin noma i-salicylate
• baneminyaka engama-65 noma ngaphezulu
• ukhulelwe noma amasonto amabili ngemuva kokubeletha
• unenkomba yomzimba (BMI) okungenani engama-40
• babe nozalo lwamaNative American (American Indian noma i-Alaska Native)
• uhlala emakhaya asebekhulile noma ezikhungweni zokunakekelwa okungamahlalakhona

Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka ngenxa yezimo zezempilo noma ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile nabo basengozini enkulu.

Abantu abasengozini enkulu yezinkinga zomkhuhlane kufanele baxhumane nodokotela wabo uma behlangabezana nezimpawu zomkhuhlane nhlobo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma unesimo sempilo esingapheli njengesifo sikashukela noma i-COPD.

Abantu abadala asebekhulile nalabo abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka bangathola:

• ubunzima bokuphefumula
• isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• umphimbo obuhlungu kakhulu
• umkhuhlane omkhulu
• ukukhathala ngokweqile

Izimpawu ezinzima

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho ngokushesha okukhulu uma izimpawu zomkhuhlane:

• iba yimbi
• kudlule isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili
• kubangele ukukhathazeka noma ukukhathazeka
• faka ubuhlungu bendlebe noma umkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-103˚F (39.4˚C)

Lapho abantu abadala kufanele bafune usizo oluphuthumayo

Ngokusho kwabadala, abantu abadala kufanele bafune ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo ngokushesha uma behlangabezana nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ukuphefumula kanzima noma ukuphefumula okuncane
• ubuhlungu besifuba noma besisu noma ingcindezi
• isiyezi esizuma noma esibi kakhulu
• ukuquleka
• ukudideka
• ukuhlanza okunzima noma okungaguquki
• izimpawu ezinyamalalayo bese ziphinda zivele ngokukhwehlela okubi nomkhuhlane

Lapho ukufuna ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kwezinsana nezingane

Ngokusho kuka, kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelashwa ngokushesha uma usana lwakho noma ingane inalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ukuphefumula okungajwayelekile, njengobunzima bokuphefumula noma ukuphefumula ngokushesha
• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esikhunjeni
• ukungaphuzi uketshezi olwanele
• ubunzima bokuvuka, ukungabi nalutho
• ukukhala okuba kubi kakhulu lapho ingane ilandwa
• azikho izinyembezi lapho kukhala
• izimpawu zomkhuhlane ezinyamalalayo kodwa ziphinde zivele ngomkhuhlane kanye nokukhwehlela okubi
• umkhuhlane onamaqubu
• ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla noma ukungakwazi ukudla
• inani elinciphile lamanabukeni amanzi

Izimpawu zenyumoniya

I-pneumonia iyinkinga evamile yomkhuhlane. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi emaqenjini athile asengozini enkulu, kufaka phakathi abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, izingane ezincane, kanye nabantu abanamasosha omzimba asevele ebuthakathaka.

Vakashela igumbi eliphuthumayo ngokushesha uma unezimpawu ze-pneumonia, kufaka phakathi:

• ukukhwehlela okukhulu ngenani elikhulu le-phlegm
• ukuphefumula kanzima noma ukuphefumula okuncane
• imfiva ephakeme kune-102˚F (39˚C) ephikelelayo, ikakhulukazi uma ihambisana nokugodola noma ukujuluka
• izinhlungu zesifuba
• Ukugodola okukhulu noma ukujuluka

I-pneumonia engalashwa ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu ngisho nasekufeni. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala asebekhulile, ababhemayo, nabantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka. I-pneumonia isongela ikakhulukazi abantu abanezimo ezingapheli zenhliziyo noma zamaphaphu.

Umkhuhlane wesisu

Isifo esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "umkhuhlane wesisu" sibhekisa ku-viral gastroenteritis (GE), okubandakanya ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwesisu. Kodwa-ke, umkhuhlane wesisu ubangelwa amagciwane ngaphandle kwamagciwane omkhuhlane, ngakho umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ngeke uvimbele umkhuhlane wesisu.

Ngokuvamile, i-gastroenteritis ingabangelwa inani lamagciwane, kufaka phakathi ama-virus, amabhaktheriya kanye nama-parasites, kanye nezimbangela ezingezona ezithathelwanayo.

Izimpawu ezivamile ze-virus ye-GE zibandakanya umkhuhlane omncane, isicanucanu, ukugabha nohudo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, igciwane lomkhuhlane ngokuvamile alibangeli isicanucanu noma isifo sohudo, ngaphandle kwesinye isikhathi ezinganeni ezincane.

Kubalulekile ukwazi umehluko phakathi kwezimpawu zomkhuhlane ojwayelekile kanye nomkhuhlane wesisu ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okufanele.

Izingane ezincane, asebekhulile, nalabo abanamasosha omzimba asebenza kabi basengozini enkulu yezinkinga ezihlobene ne-GE yegciwane elingelashwa. Lezi zinkinga zingabandakanya ukwehla emzimbeni okukhulu kwesinye isikhathi nokufa.

Ukwelapha umkhuhlane

Ngokungafani nokutheleleka kwamagciwane, igciwane lomkhuhlane liphathwa kahle nge-bedrest. Iningi labantu lizizwa lingcono ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Uketshezi, olufana nalokhu okulandelayo, kuyasiza ekwelapheni izimpawu zomkhuhlane:

• amanzi
• itiye elinamakhambi
• isobho elibomvu
• izithelo zemvelo

Kwezinye izimo, udokotela wakho angakunikeza umuthi olwa namagciwane. Imithi elwa namagciwane ayiwususi ngokuphelele umkhuhlane, ngoba ayibulali igciwane, kodwa ingalinciphisa ibanga lelo gciwane. Imithi ingasiza futhi ekuvikeleni izinkinga ezifana ne-pneumonia.

Imigomo ejwayelekile yokulwa namagciwane ifaka:

• i-zanamivir (i-Relenza)
• i-oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
• i-peramivir (i-Rapivab)

Lokhu kuphinde kwavuma umuthi omusha obizwa nge-baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza) ngo-Okthoba ka-2018.

Imithi elwa namagciwane kufanele iphuzwe kungakapheli amahora angama-48 ukuqala kwezimpawu ukuze isebenze kahle. Uma zithathwa ngalesi sikhathi, zingasiza ukunciphisa ubude bomkhuhlane.

Imithi kadokotela yomkhuhlane ngokuvamile inikezwa labo abangaba sengozini yezinkinga. Le mithi ingathwala ubungozi bemiphumela emibi, enjengokucanuzela kwenhliziyo, i-delirium, nokuquleka.

Buza udokotela wakho ngokuthatha imishanguzo yokuthenga izinhlungu nokunciphisa imfiva, njenge-ibuprofen (Advil) noma i-acetaminophen (iTylenol).

Ukuvimbela umkhuhlane

Indlela engcono yokugwema izimpawu zomkhuhlane ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwegciwane kwasekuqaleni. Noma ngubani kufanele athole umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane minyaka yonke.

Kunconywa nesibhamu somkhuhlane nakwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Yize kungenasiphukuphuku ngokuphelele, umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane unganciphisa kakhulu ubungozi bokubamba umkhuhlane.

Ungavimba futhi ukuthola nokusabalalisa umkhuhlane ngo:

• ukugwema ukuxhumana nabanye abagulayo
• ukuhlala kude nezixuku, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yesifo somkhuhlane
• ukugeza izandla njalo
• gwema ukuthinta umlomo nobuso, noma ukudla ukudla ngaphambi kokugeza izandla
• ukumboza impumulo nomlomo wakho ngomkhono wakho noma isicubu uma udinga ukuthimula noma ukukhwehlela

Umbono

Kungathatha amasonto amabili ukuthi izimpawu zomkhuhlane ziphele ngokuphelele, yize izimpawu zomkhuhlane wakho ezimbi kakhulu ziqala ukuxhaswa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma izimpawu zomkhuhlane zihlala isikhathi eside kunamasonto amabili, noma uma zinyamalala bese ziphinde zivele zimbi kakhulu kunakuqala.