Yiziphi Izimpawu Zomkhuhlane Ezinganeni Futhi Uphathwa Kanjani?

-Delile

• Ngumkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane?
• Ngabe ingane yami kufanele ibonane nodokotela uma ngisola umkhuhlane?
• Ungawuphatha kanjani umkhuhlane ekhaya
• Gcina ingane yakho ikhululekile
• Nikeza imithi ye-over-the-counter (OTC)
• Gcina ingane yakho inamanzi
• Ingabe ikhona imithi kadokotela engayiphuza?
• Ubani onobungozi obandayo bezinkinga ezivela kumkhuhlane?
• Isikhathi sini somkhuhlane futhi sithinta bani?
• Usabalala kanjani umkhuhlane futhi yini ongayenza ukuwuvikela?
• Ingabe ingane yami kufanele ithole umkhuhlane?
• Yiziphi ezinye izindlela engingavikela ngazo ingane yami?
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ngabe ingane yami inawo umkhuhlane?

Inkathi yomkhuhlane isezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu ezinyangeni zasebusika ezedlule. Izimpawu zomkhuhlane ezinganeni zivame ukuqala ukuvela ezinsukwini ezimbili ngemuva kokuchayeka kuleligciwane. Lezi zimpawu zihlala izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa, yize zingahlala kuze kube amasonto amabili.

Izimpawu zomkhuhlane ezinganeni ikakhulu ziyefana nezabantu abadala. Lezi zimpawu zifaka:

• ukuqala okungazelelwe
• imfiva
• isiyezi
• ukuncipha kokudla
• ubuhlungu bemisipha noma bomzimba
• ubuthakathaka
• ukuminyana kwesifuba
• ukukhwehlela
• Ukugodola nokuqhaqhazela
• ikhanda
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• ikhala eligijimayo
• indlebe endlebeni eyodwa noma zombili
• isifo sohudo
• isicanucanu
• ukuhlanza

Ezinganeni, ezisacathula, nasezinganeni ezingakhulumi ngamazwi ezingakwazi ukukutshela ngezimpawu zazo, ungahle ubone ukungqubuzana okukhulu nokukhala.

Ngumkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane?

Umkhuhlane ovamile nomkhuhlane zombili izifo zokuphefumula, kodwa zibangelwa amagciwane ahlukene. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zezifo zabelana ngezimpawu eziningi, ngakho-ke kungaba nzima ukuzihlukanisa.

Umkhuhlane uvame ukufika kancane kancane, kanti izimpawu zomkhuhlane zivela ngokushesha. Ngokuvamile, ingane yakho izobonakala igula uma ithola umkhuhlane kunokuba iyoba uma ibanda. Umkhuhlane uhlanganisa nezimpawu imikhuhlane engazenzi, njengokugodola, isiyezi, nobuhlungu bemisipha. Funda kabanzi mayelana nomehluko phakathi komkhuhlane nomkhuhlane.

Ngabe ingane yami kufanele ibonane nodokotela uma ngisola umkhuhlane?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho encane ingaba nomkhuhlane, xhumana nodokotela wezingane ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ezinganeni nasezinganeni ezindala, bheka udokotela wazo uma zibonakala zigula kakhulu noma ziya ziba zimbi kunokuba zibe ngcono. Udokotela wabo angenza ukuxilongwa ngokuya ngezimpawu zengane yakho, noma abanikeze isivivinyo sokuhlola esihlola amagciwane omkhuhlane.

Noma ngabe ingane yakho isivele ibonwe ngudokotela, uma izimpawu zayo ziba zimbi, zibuyisele kudokotela noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Ezinye izimpawu ezibonisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sokuthola usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha, noma ngabe uneminyaka emingaki ingane yakho, zifaka:

• izimpawu zokoma, nokwenqaba ukuphuza noma ukuncelisa ibele
• i-tinge eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezungeze izindebe noma imibhede yezipikili yezandla noma yezinyawo, noma umbala ophelele ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka esikhunjeni
• ukukhathala
• ukwehluleka ukuvusa ingane yakho
• ukuphefumula kanzima
• i-spike in fever ngemuva kokuba umkhuhlane wokuqala uhambe
• ikhanda elibi kakhulu
• intamo elukhuni
• ukukhathazeka ngokweqile, ezinganeni
• ukucasuka noma ubuntofontofo, ezinganeni ezisacathula nasezinganeni ezindala
• ukwenqaba ukubanjwa noma ukuthintwa, ezinganeni nasebancane

Ungawuphatha kanjani umkhuhlane ekhaya

Ingane yakho ingaba ekhaya nomkhuhlane kuze kube amasonto amabili. Ngisho nangemva kokuba izimpawu zabo zokuqala sezinciphile, bangazizwa bekhathele futhi bengaphilile. Nazi ezinye izindlela ongabanakekela ngazo ekhaya futhi usize ukuthuthukisa ukululama kwabo.

Gcina ingane yakho ikhululekile

Enye yezinto ezibalulekile ongayenzela ingane yakho uma inesifo somkhuhlane ukuyisiza izizwe ikhululekile. Ukuphumula kombhede kubalulekile, ngakho-ke uzofuna ukubasiza bathole ukuphumula okwanele.

Ingane yakho ingahle ishintshe phakathi kokuzwa kushisa nokubanda, ngakho-ke lungela ukuthi izingubo zokulala ziqhubeke futhi ziqhubeke usuku lonke nobusuku. Izingubo zokulala azinconywa ezinganeni njengoba zibeka ingozi yokuqothuka. Esikhundleni salokho, ungahle uthande ukucabanga ngesaka lokulala elingasindi.

Uma ingane yakho inekhala elixineneyo, amaconsi anamanzi anosawoti noma i-humidifier ingasiza. Izingane ezindala zingakwazi ukugoqa ngamanzi anosawoti afudumele ukunciphisa umqala obuhlungu.

Nikeza imithi ye-over-the-counter (OTC)

Ngokuya ngeminyaka nesisindo sengane yakho, imishanguzo ye-OTC, efana ne-ibuprofen (i-Children's Advil, i-Children's Motrin) ne-acetaminophen (i-Children's Tylenol), ingasiza ingane yakho ukuthi izizwe ingcono ngokunciphisa imfiva nobuhlungu bemisipha. Khuluma nodokotela wezingane wengane yakho ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ongazisebenzisa, futhi ungalokothi weqe isilinganiso esinconyiwe, noma ngabe umuthi ungabonakali usiza.

Unganiki ingane yakho i-aspirin. I-Aspirin ingadala inkinga enkulu ezinganeni, ebizwa ngeReye’s syndrome.

Buza udokotela wakho uma kunconywa umuthi wokukhwehlela. Imithi yokukhwehlela ayisebenzi noma iyasebenza ezinganeni futhi ingaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.

Gcina ingane yakho inamanzi

Ingane yakho kungenzeka ingabi nesifiso esiningi ngenkathi iphethwe umkhuhlane. Bangahamba ngaphandle kokudla okuningi ngenkathi begula, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi bathathe uketshezi ukugwema ukuphelelwa amandla. Ezinganeni, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kungaveza njengendawo ethambile eshonile ngaphezulu kwekhanda.

Ezinye izimpawu zokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi zihlanganisa:

• umchamo onombala omnyama kunokujwayelekile
• ekhala ngaphandle kwezinyembezi
• izindebe ezomile, eziqhekekile
• ulimi olomile
• amehlo acwile
• isikhumba esizwa ukoma noma isikhumba esifiphele ezandleni, nasezinyaweni ezizizwa zibanda uma uthintwa
• ukuphefumula kanzima noma ukuphefumula ngokushesha okukhulu

Ukwehla kokukhishwa komchamo kungenye inkomba yokuphela kwamanzi emzimbeni. Ezinganeni, lokho kungaphansi kwamanabukeni amanzi ayisithupha ngosuku. Ezinganeni ezisencane, akuwona amanabukeni amanzi esikhathini esingamahora ayisishiyagalombili.

Nikeza izingane zakho uketshezi, njengamanzi, isobho elicacile, noma ujusi ongenashukela. Unganikeza nojahidada nezingane ama-popsicles angenashukela noma ama-ice chips oncela kuwo. Uma uncelisa ingane yakho ibele, qhubeka uzame ukuyondla ngokujwayelekile.

Uma ungakwazi ukuthola ingane yakho ukuthi ithathe uketshezi, yazisa udokotela wayo ngokushesha. Kwezinye izimo, kungadingeka uketshezi olufakwa emithanjeni (IVs).

Ingabe ikhona imithi kadokotela engayiphuza?

Ezimweni ezibucayi, kunemithi kadokotela ebizwa ngemikhuhlane elwa namagciwane emithi etholakalayo. Izingane, izingane ezisencane, nezingane ezitholakale zinomkhuhlane zivame ukunikezwa le mithi uma zigula kakhulu, zilaliswe esibhedlela, noma zisengozini enkulu yezinkinga zomkhuhlane.

Le mithi yehlisa noma imise ikhono legciwane lomkhuhlane ukuqhubeka nokukhiqiza ngaphakathi komzimba. Zingasiza ukunciphisa ubunzima bezimpawu, kanye nokunciphisa ubude besikhathi ingane yakho egula ngaso. Okubaluleke kakhulu ezinganeni ezisengozini enkulu, zinganciphisa nezimo zezinkinga, kufaka phakathi:

• izifo zendlebe
• izifo ezihambisana namagciwane
• inyumoniya
• ukwehluleka ukuphefumula
• ukufa

Izingane kufanele ziqale ukuthatha le mithi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngemuva kokuxilongwa, njengoba zisebenza kakhulu uma ziqalwa ezinsukwini ezimbili zokuqala zokukhombisa izimpawu. Zivame ukunikezwa izingane ezisolwa kuphela ukuthi zinomkhuhlane, noma ngabe ukuxilongwa okucacile akukwenziwanga.

Imishanguzo yegciwane lengculaza iza ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amaphilisi, uketshezi, kanye ne-inhaler. Kukhona nemithi etholakalayo yezinsana ezinamasonto amabili ubudala.

Ezinye izingane ziba nemiphumela engemihle kulezi zidakamizwa, ezinjengokuhlanza nokuhlanza. Eminye imithi, kufaka phakathi i-oseltamivir (Tamiflu) kwesinye isikhathi ingadala i-delirium noma ukuzilimaza ezinganeni nasebusheni. Khuluma nodokotela wezingane wengane yakho ngezinzuzo nezingozi zale mithi ukuze unqume ukuthi yini elungele ingane yakho.

Ubani onobungozi obandayo bezinkinga ezivela kumkhuhlane?

Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5, futhi ikakhulukazi lezo ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili, zibhekwa njengalezo zokuthola izinkinga emkhuhlaneni. Lokhu akusho ukuthi ingane yakho nakanjani izothola inkinga enkulu. It kuyakwenza Kusho ukuthi kudingeka uqaphele ikakhulukazi izimpawu zabo.

Izingane zanoma imuphi ubudala ezinesifo esengeziwe se-asthma, i-HIV, isifo sikashukela, ukuphazamiseka kobuchopho, noma ukuphazamiseka kohlelo lwezinzwa, nazo zisengozini enkulu yezinkinga.

Isikhathi sini somkhuhlane futhi sithinta bani?

Isikhathi somkhuhlane siqala ekwindla futhi siqhubeka kuze kube sebusika. Ngokuvamile iphakama endaweni ethile phakathi kukaNovemba noMashi. Isikhathi somkhuhlane siphelile ekupheleni kukaMashi. Kodwa-ke, amacala omkhuhlane angaqhubeka nokuvela.

Uhlobo lwegciwane oludala umkhuhlane luyahlukahluka unyaka nonyaka. Lokhu kukhonjisiwe ukuthi kunomthelela emaqenjini eminyaka ethinteke kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 nezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5 yibo abasengozini enkulu yokuthola umkhuhlane, kanye nokuthola izinkinga ezihlobene nomkhuhlane.

Usabalala kanjani umkhuhlane futhi yini ongayenza ukuwuvikela?

Umkhuhlane uyathathelana kakhulu futhi ungadluliselwa ngokuthinta, ebusweni, nangamaconsi amancane, asemoyeni adalwa ukukhwehlela, ukuthimula nokukhuluma. Usulelana ngesinye isikhathi ngaphambi kokuzwa noma yiziphi izimpawu futhi uzohlala uthathelana cishe isonto noma izimpawu zakho zingasekho ngokuphelele. Izingane zingathatha isikhathi eside ukuthi zilulame kulo mkhuhlane futhi zingahlala zithathelana isikhathi eside.

Uma ungumzali futhi unemfuluwenza, nciphisa ukuvezwa kwengane yakho kuwe ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kuvame ukushiwo kalula kunokukwenza. Uma ungabhalisa ilunga lomndeni noma umngani omuhle ukusiza, lesi yisikhathi sokucela usizo.

Ezinye izinto ongazenza zifaka:

• Geza izandla zakho kaningi, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokulungiselela ukudla noma ukuthinta ingane yakho.
• Phonsa izicubu ezingcolile ngokushesha.
• Mboza umlomo wakho namakhala lapho uthimula noma ukhwehlela, okungcono kube yingalo yesandla sakho hhayi isandla sakho.
• Gqoka imaski yobuso emakhaleni nasemlonyeni. Lokhu kungasiza ukunciphisa ukusabalala kwamagciwane uma ukhwehlela, uthimula noma ukhuluma.
• Umkhuhlane ungaphila ezindaweni ezinzima amahora angama-24. Sula imiphini yeminyango, amatafula, nezinye izinto ekhaya lakho nge-hydrogen peroxide, gcoba utshwala, okokuhlanza noma i-iodine-antiseptics.

Ingabe ingane yami kufanele ithole umkhuhlane?

I-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) yokuthi wonke umuntu onezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala noma ngaphezulu uthola umuthi wokugomela imfuluwenza ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, ngisho nangeminyaka lapho ungasebenzi njengayo yonke eminye iminyaka. Izingane ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha azikwazi ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane.

Kungathatha amasonto ambalwa ukuthi umuthi wokugoma usebenze ngokuphelele. Kunconywa ukuthi izingane ziqale inqubo yokugoma ekuqaleni kwesizini, mhlawumbe ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.

Izingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwengu-8 ezingakaze zigonywe ngaphambili nalabo abagonywe kanye kuphela ngaphambili, imvamisa zidinga imithamo emibili yomuthi wokugoma, yize lesi sincomo singahluka kancane unyaka nonyaka. Lezi zinikezwa okungenani izinsuku ezingama-28 zihlukene.Umthamo wokuqala wokugoma unikeza okuncane, uma kukhona, ukuvikelwa emkhuhlaneni. Kunikezwa ukulungela amasosha omzimba womuthi wokugoma wesibili, onikeza ukuvikelwa. Kubalulekile ukuthi ingane yakho ithole yomibili imijovo yokugoma.

Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane uphephile kuzo zonke izingane ukuthi uzithathe ngaphandle uma zinezimo ezimbalwa kakhulu zezokwelapha. Njengoba izingane ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala zingakwazi ukuthola umuthi wokugoma, kubalulekile ukugwema ukuveza ingane yakho kubantu abangase babe nalo mkhuhlane. Bonke abanakekeli kufanele bathole umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane.

Yiziphi ezinye izindlela engingavikela ngazo ingane yami?

Ayikho indlela engenangqondo yokunciphisa ngokuphelele ingozi yomkhuhlane wengane yakho, kodwa kukhona ezinye izinto ongazenza:

• Zigcine kude nabantu abanezimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, kufaka phakathi abantu abakhwehlela.
• Baqeqeshele ukugeza izandla kaningi nangokungathinti ubuso babo.
• Batholele isihlanzisandla abazofuna ukusisebenzisa, njengaleso esinephunga lezithelo noma esinebhodlela elinomlingiswa wekhathuni.
• Bakhumbuze ukuthi bangahlanganyeli ukudla noma iziphuzo nabangane babo.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Uma ingane yakho ithola umkhuhlane noma inezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, funa usizo lwezokwelapha. Buza udokotela wengane yakho uma kunconywa imithi elwa namagciwane enganeni yakho. Uma kunjalo, ingane yakho izodinga ukuqala ukuthatha le mithi kungakapheli amahora angama-48 ezimpawu zayo zokuqala.

Ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane kuyisivikelo esihle kakhulu sengane yakho ekutholeni umkhuhlane, noma ngabe awusebenzi ngokugcwele. Ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane kungasiza ekunciphiseni ubunzima bezimpawu zengane yakho futhi kunciphise namathuba abo okuba nezinkinga ezinkulu emkhuhlaneni.

Uma ingane yakho inomkhuhlane futhi iphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, noma izimpawu zayo ziba zimbi, thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.