Imithi Yokuqeda Umkhuhlane

-Delile

• Izidakamizwa kanye nokwelashwa komkhuhlane
• Imithi yokuzinakekela yomkhuhlane
• Imithi yamakhasimende
• Ukudambisa izinhlungu
• Ukukhwehlela ukucindezela
• Ama-decongestants
• Imithi yokuhlanganiswa
• Imithi kadokotela: Imithi elwa namagciwane
• Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane
• Izingane: I-Q & A.
• Q:
• A:

Izidakamizwa kanye nokwelashwa komkhuhlane

Ukwelapha umkhuhlane ikakhulukazi kusho ukukhulula izimpawu ezinkulu kuze kube yilapho umzimba wakho ususa ukutheleleka.

Ama-antibiotic awasebenzi ngokumelene nomkhuhlane ngoba ubangelwa igciwane, hhayi amabhaktheriya. Kodwa udokotela wakho angakunikeza ama-antibiotic ukwelapha noma yikuphi ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya kwesibili okungenzeka kube khona. Kungenzeka batuse inhlanganisela ethile yokuzinakekela kanye nemithi yokwelapha izimpawu zakho.

Imithi yokuzinakekela yomkhuhlane

Abantu abasengozini enkulu yezinkinga zomkhuhlane kufanele bafune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Amaqembu asengozini enkulu afaka:

• abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu
• abesifazane abakhulelwe noma amasonto amabili ngemuva kokubeletha
• abantu abenze buthaka amasosha omzimba

Ezimweni eziningi, noma kunjalo, umkhuhlane udinga nje ukuqhuba inkambo yawo. Izindlela zokwelashwa ezingcono kakhulu kubantu abanomkhuhlane ukuphumula okuningi noketshezi oluningi.

Ungahle ungabi nesifiso esiningi sokudla, kepha kubalulekile ukuthi udle ukudla okujwayelekile ukugcina amandla akho.

Uma kungenzeka, hlala ekhaya ungekho emsebenzini noma esikoleni. Ungabuyeli emuva kuze kuphele izimpawu zakho.

Ukwehlisa umkhuhlane, beka indwangu yokugeza epholile, emanzi ebunzini lakho noma ugeze ngamanzi apholile.

Ungasebenzisa futhi ukudambisa izinhlungu kwe-over-the-counter (OTC) kanye nokunciphisa imfiva, njenge-acetaminophen (Tylenol) noma ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin).

Ezinye izinketho zokuzinakekela zifaka okulandelayo:

• Yiba nesitsha sesobho esishisayo ukuze unciphise isiminyaminya samakhala.
• Hlikihla ngamanzi anosawoti afudumele ukuthambisa umphimbo obuhlungu.
• Gwema ukuphuza utshwala.
• Yeka ukubhema, uma ubhema.

Imithi yamakhasimende

Imithi ye-OTC ngeke inciphise ubude bomkhuhlane, kepha ingasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu.

Ukudambisa izinhlungu

Ukudambisa izinhlungu kwe-OTC kunganciphisa ubuhlungu bekhanda kanye nobuhlungu emuva nangemisipha obuhlala buhambisana nomkhuhlane.

Ngaphezu kokunciphisa imfiva i-acetaminophen ne-ibuprofen, okunye ukudambisa izinhlungu okusebenzayo yi-naproxen (Aleve) ne-aspirin (Bayer).

Kodwa-ke, i-aspirin akufanele inikezwe izingane noma intsha yokwelapha izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane. Kungaholela ku-Reye's syndrome, okuholela ekulimaleni kobuchopho nesibindi. Lesi yisifo esingajwayelekile kodwa esibi futhi kwesinye isikhathi esibulalayo.

Ukukhwehlela ukucindezela

Ukucindezela ukukhwehlela kunciphisa i-reflex yokukhwehlela. Ziwusizo ekulawuleni ukukhwehlela okomile ngaphandle kwamafinyila. Isibonelo salolu hlobo lomuthi yi-dextromethorphan (Robitussin).

Ama-decongestants

Ama-decongestants angakhulula impumu egijimayo, ejiyile ebangelwa umkhuhlane. Amanye ama-decongestants atholakala emithini yomkhuhlane we-OTC afaka i-pseudoephedrine (eSudafed) ne-phenylephrine (eDayQuil).

Abantu abane-high blood pressure ngokuvamile batshelwa ukuthi bagweme lolu hlobo lomuthi, ngoba lungakhuphula umfutho wegazi.

Amehlo alumayo noma amanzi awazona izimpawu zomkhuhlane ezivamile. Kepha uma unawo, ama-antihistamine angasiza. Ama-antihistamine esizukulwane sokuqala anemiphumela yokudambisa engakusiza nokuthi ulale. Izibonelo zifaka:

• i-brompheniramine (i-Dimetapp)
• i-dimenhydrinate (iDramamine)
• i-diphenhydramine (iBenadryl)
• i-doxylamine (NyQuil)

Ukugwema ukozela, ungahle uthande ukuzama imithi yesizukulwane sesibili, efana nale:

• i-cetirizine (Zyrtec)
• i-fexofenadine (Allegra)
• I-loratadine (Claritin, Alavert)

Imithi yokuhlanganiswa

Imithi eminingi ebandayo neyomkhuhlane ihlanganisa amakilasi amabili noma ngaphezulu emithi. Lokhu kubasiza ukwelapha izimpawu ezahlukahlukene ngasikhathi sinye. Ukuhamba phansi endaweni ebandayo nemikhuhlane ekhemisi langakini kuzokukhombisa okuhlukahlukene.

Imithi kadokotela: Imithi elwa namagciwane

Izidakamizwa zemithi elwa namagciwane zingasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu zomkhuhlane futhi zivimbele izinkinga ezihlobene nazo. Le mithi ivimbela ukuthi igciwane likhule futhi liziphindaphinde.

Ngokunciphisa ukuphindaphindeka kwegciwane nokuchitheka, le mithi yehlisa ukusabalala kokutheleleka kumaseli emzimbeni. Lokhu kusiza amasosha akho omzimba ukubhekana negciwane ngempumelelo. Vumela ukululama okusheshayo futhi kunganciphisa isikhathi lapho usulelana khona.

Imiyalo ejwayelekile yama-antiviral ifaka i-neuraminidase inhibitors:

• i-zanamivir (i-Relenza)
• i-oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
• i-peramivir (i-Rapivab)

Lo mgomo uphinde wagunyaza umuthi omusha obizwa nge-baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza) ngo-Okthoba 2018. Ungaphatha abantu abaneminyaka engu-12 nangaphezulu abanezimpawu zomkhuhlane ngaphansi kwamahora angama-48. Isebenza ngokwehlukile kunama-neuraminidase inhibitors.

Ukuze isebenze kahle kakhulu, imishanguzo yokulwa namagciwane kufanele ithathwe kungakapheli amahora angama-48 ukuqala kwezimpawu. Uma ithathwa ngokushesha, imishanguzo yokulwa namagciwane nayo ingasiza ukunciphisa isikhathi somkhuhlane.

Imithi elwa namagciwane nayo isetshenziselwa ukuvimbela umkhuhlane. Ngokusho kweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), ama-neuraminidase inhibitors anezinga lokuphumelela ekuvikeleni umkhuhlane.

Ngesikhathi sokuqubuka komkhuhlane, udokotela uvame ukunikeza abantu abanethuba eliphakeme lokuthola igciwane i-antiviral kanye nomuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane. Le nhlanganisela isiza ukuqinisa ukuzivikela kwabo ekuthelelekeni.

Abantu abangakwazi ukugoma bangasiza izivikelo zomzimba wabo ngokuthatha umuthi olwa namagciwane. Abantu abangakwazi ukugoma bahlanganisa izingane ezisencane ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kanye nabantu abangenwe umuthi wokugoma.

Kodwa-ke, i-CDC yeluleka ukuthi le mithi akufanele ithathe indawo yokugoma kwakho umkhuhlane wonyaka. Babuye baxwayise ngokuthi ukusebenzisa ngokweqile lezi zinhlobo zemithi kungakhuphula ubungozi bezinhlobo zamagciwane ezingazweli ekwelashweni ngamagciwane.

Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kunganciphisa ukutholakala kwabantu abasengozini enkulu abadinga le mithi ukuvimbela ukugula okuhlobene kakhulu nomkhuhlane.

Imithi elwa namagciwane evame ukubekwa yilena:

• i-zanamivir (i-Relenza)
• i-oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

I-FDA Zanamivir yokwelapha umkhuhlane kubantu abaneminyaka okungenani engu-7 ubudala. Kuvunyelwe ukuvimbela umkhuhlane kubantu abaneminyaka okungenani emihlanu ubudala. Iza ngempuphu futhi ilawulwa nge-inhaler.

Akufanele uthathe i-zanamivir uma unanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwenkinga yokuphefumula engalapheki, njengesifuba somoya noma esinye isifo esingalapheki samaphaphu. Kungadala ukucinana kwe-airway nobunzima bokuphefumula.

I-Oseltamivir yelapha umkhuhlane kubantu bakanoma ibuphi ubudala nokuvikela umkhuhlane kubantu okungenani abanezinyanga ezintathu ubudala. I-Oseltamivir ithathwa ngomlomo ngendlela yephilisi.

Ukuthi iTamiflu ingabeka abantu, ikakhulukazi izingane nentsha, engcupheni yokudideka nokuzilimaza.

Yomibili le mithi ingadala imiphumela emibi engafuneki, kufaka phakathi:

• ubumhlophe
• isicanucanu
• ukuhlanza

Hlala uxoxa nodokotela wakho ngemiphumela engemihle yemithi.

Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane

Ngenkathi kungenjalo ukwelashwa, ukudutshulwa komkhuhlane wonyaka kusebenza kakhulu ekusizeni abantu ukuthi bagweme umkhuhlane. Okuncoma ukuthi wonke umuntu onezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala nangaphezulu athole umkhuhlane waminyaka yonke.

Isikhathi esihle sokugonywa singo-Okthoba noma ngoNovemba. Lokhu kunika umzimba wakho isikhathi sokwenza ama-antibody egciwane lomkhuhlane ngesikhathi sonyaka somkhuhlane. E-United States, inkathi yomkhuhlane omkhulu iphakathi.

Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane akuwona owabo bonke abantu. Xhumana nodokotela wakho lapho unquma ukuthi amalungu omndeni wakho kufanele awuthole lo mgomo noma cha.

Izingane: I-Q & A.

Q:

Yikuphi ukwelashwa kwemikhuhlane okuphumelela kakhulu ezinganeni?

Isiguli esingaziwa

A:

Ngokugoma minyaka yonke kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela izingane emkhuhlaneni. Ukugonywa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kuze kuvikele ingane ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuzalwa. Kodwa-ke, uma ukutheleleka kusenzeka, ukwelashwa ngemithi elwa namagciwane kungasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu. Lolu hlobo lwemithi ludinga incwadi kadokotela. Ngokwengeziwe, ukwenza inhlanzeko enhle, ukugwema labo abagulayo, nokuthola uketshezi oluningi nokuphumula ngenkathi ululama kuzosiza amasosha omzimba alinqobe igciwane. Ukwelashwa komkhuhlane noma ubuhlungu obuhambisana nomkhuhlane, i-acetaminophen ingathathwa ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu ubudala, noma i-ibuprofen ingathathwa ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala.

I-Alana Biggers, MD, i-MPHA izimpendulo zimelela imibono yochwepheshe bethu bezokwelapha. Konke okuqukethwe kunolwazi oluqinile futhi akufanele kuthathwe njengezeluleko zezokwelapha.