I-fluoride: Kuhle noma Kubi?

-Delile

• Kuyini I-fluoride?
• Imithombo yeFluoride
• I-Fluoride Isiza Ukuvimbela Izimbobo Zamazinyo
• Ukudla ngokweqile Kungadala I-Fluorosis
• I-Dental Fluorosis
• I-Skeletal Fluorosis
• Ngabe i-fluoride ineminye imiphumela eyingozi?
• Ukuqhekeka Kwamathambo
• Ingozi Yomdlavuza
• Ukuthuthuka Kobuchopho Okukhubazekile
• Ukuhlanzwa Kwamanzi Kuyimpikiswano
• Thatha Umlayezo Wekhaya

I-fluoride iyikhemikhali evame ukufakwa kumuthi wokuxubha.

Inekhono eliyingqayizivele lokuvimbela ukubola kwamazinyo.

Ngalesi sizathu, i-fluoride yengezwe kabanzi kokuphakelwa kwamanzi ukuthuthukisa impilo yamazinyo.

Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi bakhathazekile ngengozi engaba khona kusukela ekudleni ngokweqile.

Lo mbhalo ubheka ngokujulile i-fluoride bese uhlola ukuthi ungayithinta kanjani impilo yakho.

Kuyini I-fluoride?

I-fluoride iyi-ion engalungile ye-element fluorine. Imelelwa yifomula yamakhemikhali F-.

Kutholakala kabanzi emvelweni, ngamanani wokulandelela. Kwenzeka ngokwemvelo emoyeni, enhlabathini, ezitshalweni, emadwaleni, emanzini amasha, olwandle nasekudleni okuningi.

I-fluoride ibamba iqhaza ekufunyanweni kwamathambo namazinyo akho, inqubo ebalulekile yokuwagcina eqinile futhi eqinile.

Eqinisweni, cishe i-99% ye-fluoride yomzimba igcinwa emathanjeni nasemazinyweni.

I-fluoride nayo ibalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukubola kwamazinyo, okwaziwa nangokuthi izimbotshana. Yingakho ingezwe kokuphakelwa kwamanzi emphakathini emazweni amaningi ().

I-fluoride ifomu le-ionized le-element fluorine. Isatshalaliswa kabanzi emvelweni futhi isekela ukumuncwa kwamathambo namazinyo. I-fluoride nayo ingasiza ekuvikeleni izimbotshana.

Imithombo yeFluoride

I-fluoride ingafakwa noma isetshenziswe phezulu emazinyweni akho.

Nayi eminye imithombo emikhulu ye-fluoride:

• Amanzi ahlanzekile: Amazwe afana ne-US, i-UK ne-Australia afaka i-fluoride emanzini awo omphakathi. E-US, amanzi ane-fluoridated ngokuvamile aqukethe izingxenye ezingama-0.7 ngesigidi ngasinye (ppm).
• Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba: Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngokwemvelo aqukethe i-fluoride, kepha ukuhlushwa kuyahlukahluka. Ngokuvamile, kuphakathi kuka-0.01 kuya ku-0.3 ppm, kodwa kwezinye izindawo amazinga aphezulu ayingozi akhona. Lokhu kungadala izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo (2).
• Izithako zeFluoride: Lokhu kutholakala njengamaconsi noma amaphilisi. Izithako zokuncoma i-fluoride zinconyelwa izingane ezingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala ezisengozini enkulu yokuba nezimbotshana futhi zihlala ezindaweni ezingekho fluoridated ().
• Okunye ukudla: Ukudla okuthile kungacutshungulwa kusetshenziswa amanzi ane-fluoridated noma kungamunca i-fluoride emhlabathini. Amaqabunga etiya, ikakhulukazi amadala, angaqukatha i-fluoride ngamanani aphezulu kunokunye ukudla (, 5,).
• Imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwamazinyo: I-fluoride ingezwa emikhiqizweni eminingi yokunakekelwa kwamazinyo emakethe, njengokugcoba amazinyo nokugeza umlomo.

Amanzi ane-fluoridated awumthombo omkhulu we-fluoride emazweni amaningi. Eminye imithombo ifaka amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, izithasiselo ze-fluoride, okunye ukudla nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwamazinyo.

I-Fluoride Isiza Ukuvimbela Izimbobo Zamazinyo

Ukuwohloka kwamazinyo, okwaziwa nangokuthi izimbotshana noma ukubola kwamazinyo, kuyisifo somlomo ().

Zibangelwa amagciwane ahlala emlonyeni wakho.

Lawa mabhaktheriya adiliza ama-carbs futhi akhiqize ama-organic organic angalimaza koqweqwe lwamazinyo, ungqimba lwangaphandle olucebe ngamaminerali.

Le asidi ingaholela ekulahlekelweni kwamaminerali avela koqweqwe lwawo, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-demineralization.

Lapho ukushintshwa kwamaminerali, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-remineralization, kungahambisani namaminerali alahlekile, izimbotshana ziyakhula.

I-fluoride ingasiza ekuvikeleni izimbotshana zamazinyo ngo ():

• Ukuncipha kokuncishiswa kwamaminerali: I-fluoride ingasiza ekunciphiseni ukulahleka kwamaminerali koqweqwe lwamazinyo.
• Ithuthukisa ukuvuselelwa kabusha: I-fluoride ingasheshisa inqubo yokulungisa futhi isize ukubuyisela amaminerali koqweqwe lwawo ().
• Ukuvimbela umsebenzi wegciwane: I-fluoride iyakwazi ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-asidi ngokuphazamisa umsebenzi wama-enzyme wegciwane. Kungase futhi kuvimbele ukukhula kwamagciwane ().

Ngawo-1980, kwaboniswa ukuthi i-fluoride iphumelela kakhulu ekuvikeleni izimbotshana uma zisetshenziswa ngqo emazinyweni (,,).

I-fluoride ingase ilwe nezimbotshana ngokwenza ngcono ibhalansi phakathi kwenzuzo yamaminerali nokulahleka koqweqwe lwawo. Kungavimbela nokusebenza kwamagciwane omlomo ayingozi.

Ukudla ngokweqile Kungadala I-Fluorosis

Ukudla ngokweqile kwe-fluoride isikhathi eside kungadala i-fluorosis.

Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zikhona: i-dental fluorosis ne-skeletal fluorosis.

I-Dental Fluorosis

I-Dental fluorosis ibonakala ngokushintsha okubonakalayo ekubukeni kwamazinyo.

Ngamafomu amancane, ushintsho lubonakala njengamabala amhlophe emazinyweni futhi ikakhulukazi luyinkinga yezimonyo. Amacala abucayi kakhulu awavamile, kepha ahlotshaniswa namabala ansundu namazinyo abuthakathaka ().

I-Dental fluorosis yenzeka kuphela ngenkathi kwakhiwa amazinyo ebuntwaneni, kepha isikhathi esibucayi kakhulu singaphansi kweminyaka emibili ().

Izingane ezidla i-fluoride eningi kakhulu kusuka emithonjeni eminingi esikhathini esithile zisengozini enkulu ye-dental fluorosis ().

Isibonelo, bangahle bagwinye umuthi wokuxubha onamanzi amaningi futhi badle i-fluoride eningi kakhulu kwifomu lokungezelela, ngaphezu kokufaka amanzi ane-fluoridated.

Izinsana ezithola umsoco wazo ikakhulukazi kumafomula axutshwe namanzi ane-fluoridated nazo zingaba nengozi eyengeziwe yokuthola i-fluorosis yamazinyo emnene ().

I-Dental fluorosis yisimo esiguqula ukubukeka kwamazinyo, okuthi ezimweni ezincane kube yiphutha lezimonyo. Kwenzeka kuphela ezinganeni ngesikhathi sokukhula kwamazinyo.

I-Skeletal Fluorosis

I-Skeletal fluorosis yisifo samathambo esibandakanya ukuqoqwa kwe-fluoride ethanjeni eminyakeni eminingi ().

Ekuqaleni, izimpawu zifaka ukuqina nobuhlungu obuhlangene. Amacala athuthukile angagcina ngokudala ukwakheka kwethambo nokuguqulwa kwemigqa.

I-Skeletal fluorosis ivame kakhulu emazweni afana ne-India ne-China.

Lapho, ihlotshaniswa ngokuyinhloko nokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba anamazinga aphezulu e-fluoride avela ngokwemvelo, noma ngaphezulu kwe-8 ppm (2, 19).

Ezinye izindlela abantu abakulezi zindawo abafaka ngazo i-fluoride zifaka phakathi ukushisa amalahle ekhaya nokudla uhlobo oluthile lwetiye elibizwa ngokuthi yitini lezitini (,).

Qaphela ukuthi i-skeletal fluorosis akuyona inkinga ezifundeni ezengeza i-fluoride emanzini ukuvimbela umgodi, ngoba leli nani lilawulwa ngokuqinile.

I-Skeletal fluorosis yenzeka kuphela lapho abantu bevezwa inani elikhulu kakhulu le-fluoride isikhathi eside.

I-Skeletal fluorosis yisifo esibuhlungu esingashintsha isimo sethambo ezimweni ezinzima. Kuvame kakhulu kwezinye izindawo e-Asia lapho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ephezulu kakhulu nge-fluoride.

Ngabe i-fluoride ineminye imiphumela eyingozi?

I-fluoride ibe nempikiswano isikhathi eside ().

Amawebhusayithi amaningi athi angubuthi obungadala zonke izinkinga zezempilo, kubandakanya umdlavuza.

Nazi izindaba ezivame kakhulu ezihlobene ne-fluoride nobufakazi obungemuva kwazo.

Ukuqhekeka Kwamathambo

Obunye ubufakazi bukhombisa ukuthi i-fluoride ingenza buthakathaka amathambo futhi yenyuse ingozi yokuqhekeka. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwenzeka kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ().

Ucwaningo oluthile lubheke ukuphuka kwamathambo kubantu baseShayina ngamazinga ahlukahlukene we-fluoride eyenzeka ngokwemvelo. Izinga lokwephuka lenyuke lapho abantu bevezwa amazinga aphansi kakhulu noma aphezulu kakhulu e-fluoride isikhathi eside ().

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amanzi okuphuza ane-1 ppm ye-fluoride ayexhunyaniswa nokwehla kwengozi yokuqhekeka.

Ukufakwa okuphansi kakhulu nokuphakeme kakhulu kwe-fluoride ngamanzi okuphuza kungakhuphula ubungozi bokuphuka kwamathambo lapho kudliwe isikhathi eside. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka.

Ingozi Yomdlavuza

I-Osteosarcoma uhlobo olungavamile lomdlavuza wamathambo. Imvamisa kuthinta amathambo amakhulu emzimbeni futhi kuvame kakhulu kubantu abasha, ikakhulukazi abesilisa (,).

Ucwaningo oluningi lucwaninge ukuxhumana phakathi kwamanzi okuphuza ama-fluoridated kanye nengozi ye-osteosarcoma. Iningi alitholanga isixhumanisi esicacile (,,,,).

Kepha ucwaningo olulodwa lwabika ukuhlangana phakathi kokuchayeka kwe-fluoride ebuntwaneni kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza wamathambo phakathi kwabafana abancane, kepha hhayi amantombazane ().

Ngokubeka engcupheni yomdlavuza ngokujwayelekile, akukho nhlangano etholakele ().

Akunabufakazi obuqand 'ikhanda obukhombisa ukuthi amanzi aphethwe ngamanzi anyusa ingozi yohlobo olungavamile lomdlavuza wamathambo obizwa nge-osteosarcoma, noma umdlavuza uwonke.

Ukuthuthuka Kobuchopho Okukhubazekile

Kunokunye ukukhathazeka ngokuthi i-fluoride ibuthinta kanjani ubuchopho bomuntu obukhulayo.

Isibuyekezo esisodwa sihlolisise izifundo ezingama-27 zokubuka ezenziwa kakhulu eChina ().

Izingane ezihlala ezindaweni lapho i-fluoride yayikhona ngamanani aphezulu emanzini zazinezilinganiso eziphansi ze-IQ, uma kuqhathaniswa nalezo ezihlala ezindaweni ezinokugxila okuncane ().

Kodwa-ke, umphumela wawumncane kakhulu, ulingana namaphoyinti ayisikhombisa e-IQ. Ababhali baphinde baveza ukuthi izifundo ezibuyekeziwe bezingenalo ikhwalithi eyanele.

Ukubuyekezwa okukodwa kwezifundo zokubuka ikakhulu ezivela eChina kwathola ukuthi amanzi anenani eliphakeme le-fluoride angaba nomthelela omubi ezikolweni ze-IQ zezingane. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kudinga ukufundwa ngokuqhubekayo.

Ukuhlanzwa Kwamanzi Kuyimpikiswano

Ukwengeza i-fluoride emanzini okuphuza omphakathi umkhuba oseneminyaka engamashumi eminyaka, oyimpikiswano wokunciphisa izimbotshana ().

I-fluoridation yamanzi yaqala e-US ngawo-1940, futhi cishe ama-70% abantu base-US njengamanje bathola amanzi anefluoridated.

I-fluoridation ayivamile eYurophu. Amazwe amaningi anqume ukuyeka ukufaka i-fluoride emanzini okuphuza omphakathi ngenxa yezinkinga zokuphepha nokusebenza (,).

Abantu abaningi futhi bayangabaza ngokusebenza kwalokhu kungenelela. Abanye bathi impilo yamazinyo akufanele iphathwe "ngemithi eminingi," kepha kufanele kubhekwane nayo ezingeni lomuntu ngamunye (,).

Okwamanje, izinhlangano eziningi zezempilo ziyaqhubeka nokuxhasa ukufudumeza kwamanzi futhi zithi kuyindlela engabizi ukunciphisa imingcele yamazinyo.

I-fluoridation yamanzi ukungenelela kwezempilo komphakathi okuqhubeka nokuba yimpikiswano. Yize izinhlangano eziningi zezempilo zikuxhasa lokhu, abanye bathi lo mkhuba awulungile futhi ulingana “nemithi yokwelapha ngobuningi.”

Thatha Umlayezo Wekhaya

Njengakwezinye izakhi zomzimba eziningi, i-fluoride ibonakala iphephile futhi isebenza kahle uma isetshenziswa futhi idliwa ngamanani afanele.

Kungasiza ukuvimbela izimbotshana, kepha ukuyifaka ngamanani amaningi kakhulu ngamanzi okuphuza kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zezempilo.

Kodwa-ke, lokhu ikakhulukazi kuyinkinga emazweni anamazinga aphezulu ngokwemvelo e-fluoride emanzini, njengeChina ne-India.

Inani le-fluoride lilawulwa ngokuqinile emazweni alifaka ngamabomu emanzini okuphuza.

Ngenkathi abanye bengabaza izimiso zokuziphatha ezibangela lokhu kungenelela kwezempilo komphakathi, amanzi omphakathi ane-fluorid mancane amathuba okuthi angadala izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo.