Izinketho Eziphezulu Ezi-4 Zokwelapha Ukulutha Kokudla

-Delile

• 1. Izinhlelo eziyizinyathelo eziyi-12
• 2. Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo
• 3. Izinhlelo zokwelapha ezentengiselwano
• 4. Odokotela bengqondo nokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa
• Okubalulekile

Ukulutha kokudla, okuyi ayikho ohlwini lwe-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (I-DSM-5), ingafana nezinye izidakamizwa futhi imvamisa idinga ukwelashwa okufanayo nokwesekwa ukunqoba.

Ngenhlanhla, izinhlelo eziningana kanye nokwelashwa kunganikeza ukwelashwa.

Lo mbhalo ubala izinketho zokwelashwa ezi-4 ezijwayelekile kakhulu zokwelashwa.

1. Izinhlelo eziyizinyathelo eziyi-12

Enye indlela yokubhekana nokulutha kokudla ukuthola uhlelo oluhle lwezinyathelo eziyi-12.

Lokhu kucishe kufane ne-Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) - ngaphandle kokuthi into yokulutha ihlukile.

Ohlelweni lwezinyathelo eziyi-12, abantu baya emihlanganweni nabanye abalwa nokulutha kokudla. Ekugcineni, bathola abaxhasi abazobasiza ukuthi bakhe uhlobo lokudla.

Ukwesekwa kwezenhlalo kungaba nomthelela omkhulu lapho ubhekene nokulutha kokudla. Ukuthola abantu ababelana ngokuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo futhi abazimisele ukusiza kungasiza ekululameni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo eziyizinyathelo eziyi-12 zimahhala futhi zivame ukutholakala emhlabeni jikelele.

Kunezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene ongakhetha kuzo.

I-Overeaters Anonymous (OA) inketho enkulu kunazo zonke futhi ethandwa kakhulu, nemihlangano ejwayelekile emhlabeni jikelele.

IGreysheeters Anonymous (GSA) iyefana ne-OA, ngaphandle kokuthi inikezela ngohlelo lokudla olubandakanya ukukala nokulinganisa ukudla kathathu ngosuku. Ngenkathi zingasakazeki njenge-OA, zinikeza imihlangano yocingo neye-Skype.

Amanye amaqembu afaka i-Food Addicts Anonymous (FAA) kanye ne-Food Addicts ku-Recovery Anonymous (FA).

Lawa maqembu aklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngendawo yokwamukela, engahluleli.

ISIFINYEZO Izinhlelo eziyizinyathelo eziyishumi nambili zinikeza ukufinyelela kontanga nabeluleki abangakusiza ukunqoba ukulutha kokudla. Lezi zinhlelo ziyatholakala emhlabeni wonke.

2. Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo

Indlela yokusebenza kwengqondo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) ikhombise isithembiso esikhulu ekwelapheni iziyaluyalu zokudla ezahlukahlukene, njengokuphazamiseka kokudla ngokweqile kanye ne-bulimia ().

Lezi zimo zabelana ngezimpawu ezifanayo njengokulutha kokudla.

Lapho ufuna isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, cela ukuthunyelwa kumuntu onolwazi lokulutha ukudla noma ukuphazamiseka okuhlobene nokudla.

ISIFINYEZO Ukubona isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esigxile ezinkingeni zokudla noma ukuluthwa ukudla kungakusiza unqobe ukulutheka kokudla. Ngokwengeziwe, i-CBT ibonakaliswe ukuthi iyasebenza kwezinye izimo.

3. Izinhlelo zokwelapha ezentengiselwano

Izinhlelo eziyizinyathelo eziyishumi nambili zivame ukuba mahhala, kepha izinhlelo eziningi zokwelapha ezentengiselwano nazo zinikeza ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kokuphazamiseka kokudla nokudla.

Okukhulu kufaka phakathi:

• I-ACORN: Banikela ngezindlela eziningi zokwelashwa, ikakhulukazi e-United States.
• Izimbangela Zokululama: Zitholakala eFlorida, zinikeza ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside ngokulutha kokudla.
• I-COR Retreat: Itholakala eMinnesota, banikela ngohlelo lwezinsuku ezi-5.
• Indawo Yokuguqula: Isekelwe eFlorida, inezinketho zokuphazamiseka kokudla nokudla okuningana.
• I-Shades of Hope: Etholakala eTexas, banikela ngezinhlelo zombili ze-6- ne-42-day.
• ISITHEMBISO: Bazinze e-UK, banikeza ukwelashwa kokuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene kokudla nokudla.
• Ukulutha kweBittens: Banikela ngezinketho ezahlukahlukene kulabo abanenkinga yokondla neyokudla eSweden.

Leli khasi lewebhu libala ochwepheshe abaningi bezempilo emhlabeni wonke abanolwazi lokwelapha ukulutha kokudla.

ISIFINYEZO Izinhlelo zokwelapha zokuhweba ngokuluthwa kokudla ziyatholakala emhlabeni wonke.

4. Odokotela bengqondo nokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa

Ngenkathi i-Food and Drug Administration (i-FDA) ingavumanga noma imiphi imithi yokwelapha ukuluthwa ukudla, umuthi kungenye indlela ongayibheka.

Lokho kusho ukuthi, imithi ayiqinisekisiwe ukuthi izosebenzela ukondla nokuphazamiseka kokudla futhi ijwayele ukuba nemiphumela engemihle.

Umuthi owodwa okufanele ucatshangelwe uvunywa yi-FDA ukusiza ukunciphisa umzimba futhi uqukethe i-bupropion ne-naltrexone. Kuthengiswa ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi Contrave e-United States naseMysimba eYurophu.

Lesi sidakamizwa siqonde ngqo ezinye zezindlela zobuchopho ezibandakanyeka esimweni sokulutha kokudla. Izifundo ziphakamisa ukuthi kungasebenza, ikakhulukazi uma kuhlangene nezinguquko zokuphila okunempilo (,).

Ezimweni eziningi, ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka kungaba nomthelela ekuphazamiseni ukondla nokudla. Ukuthatha imishanguzo yokulwa nengcindezi noma elwa nokukhathazeka kungasiza ukukhulula ezinye zalezo zimpawu ().

Imithi yokulwa nokucindezelwa nokulwa nokukhathazeka ayelaphi ukulutha kokudla, kepha ingaba ithuluzi eliwusizo lokusiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu zokudangala nokukhathazeka. Lokhu kungavumela umuntu ukuthi agxile ekululameni ekuphazamisweni kokudla noma kokudla.

Udokotela wezifo zengqondo angachaza izinketho ezahlukahlukene ezikhona futhi enze izincomo ngokuya ngesimo somuntu noma uhlelo oluthile lokwelashwa.

ISIFINYEZO Cabanga ukubona udokotela wezifo zengqondo ukuze uxoxe ngezinye izindlela zokwelashwa, kufaka phakathi imithi. Izidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene kanye nokwelashwa kwempilo yengqondo kungasiza ekunqobeni ukuluthwa ukudla.

Okubalulekile

Ukulutheka kokudla kuyinkinga yezempilo yengqondo lapho umuntu eba umlutha wokudla, ikakhulukazi ukudla okungenamsoco okusetshenzisiwe.

Izifundo eziningi zesayensi ziqinisekisa ukuthi ukulutha kokudla kubandakanya izindawo ezifanayo zobuchopho njengokulutha kwezidakamizwa (,,).

Ngoba ukulutheka kokudla akuxazululi kukodwa, kungcono ukuphishekela inketho yokwelashwa ukuze uphile kahle.

Inothi lomhleli: Lesi siqephu sabikwa ekuqaleni ngoJanuwari 14, 2019. Idethi yaso yamanje yokushicilelwa ikhombisa ukubuyekeza, okubandakanya ukubuyekezwa kwezokwelapha nguTimothy J. Legg, PhD, PsyD.