Ama-Capillaries Nemisebenzi Yawo

-Delile

• Yini imisebenzi yama-capillaries?
• Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-capillaries?
• Ama-capillaries aqhubekayo
• Ama-capillaries avunyelwe
• Ama-capillaries weSinusoid
• Kwenzekani lapho ama-capillaries engasebenzi kahle?
• Amabala ewayini lasePort
• Petechiae
• Isystemic capillary leak syndrome
• I-Arteriovenous malformation syndrome
• I-Microcephaly-capillary malformation syndrome
• Okubalulekile

Ama-capillaries yimithambo yegazi emincane kakhulu - mincane kakhulu kangangokuba ingqamuzana elilodwa elibomvu legazi alikwazi ukulingana ngayo.

Zisiza ukuxhumanisa imithambo yakho nemithambo ngaphezu kokwenza kube lula ukushintshana kwezinto ezithile phakathi kwegazi lakho nezicubu zakho.

Kungakho izicubu ezisebenza kakhulu, njengemisipha yakho, isibindi, nezinso, zinenqwaba yama-capillary. Izicubu ezingasebenzi ngokwanele zomzimba, njengezinhlobo ezithile zezicubu ezixhuma, azinazo eziningi.

Funda ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokusebenza kwama-capillaries nezimo ezingabathinta.

Yini imisebenzi yama-capillaries?

Ama-capillaries axhumanisa uhlelo lokugudluka komzimba - olufaka imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi lisuke enhliziyweni yakho - kuye ohlelweni lwakho lwemithambo yegazi. Uhlelo lwakho lwe-venous lubandakanya imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi ibuyele enhliziyweni yakho.

Ukushintshaniswa komoya-mpilo, izakhamzimba nodoti phakathi kwegazi lakho nezicubu zakho nakho kwenzeka kuma-capillaries akho. Lokhu kwenzeka ngezinqubo ezimbili:

• Ukusabalalisa okungahambi kahle. Lokhu kungukuhamba kwento isuka endaweni yokuhlushwa okuphezulu iye endaweni yokuhlushwa okuphansi.
• I-Pinocytosis. Lokhu kubhekisela enqubeni amaseli omzimba wakho ayithatha ngenkuthalo kuma-molecule amancane, njengamafutha namaprotheni.

Izindonga zama-capillaries zakhiwa ungqimba lweseli oluncane olubizwa ngokuthi i-endothelium oluzungezwe olunye ungqimba oluncane olubizwa ngokuthi ulwelwesi lwangaphansi.

Ukwakheka kwawo okukodwa okungu-endothelium, okuhlukahluka phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-capillary, nolwelwesi olungaphansi oluzungezile lwenza ama-capillaries abe “avuza” kancane kunezinye izinhlobo zemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kuvumela i-oxygen namanye ama-molecule ukuthi afinyelele kumaseli omzimba wakho ngokukhululeka okukhulu.

Ngokwengeziwe, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi avela kumasosha akho omzimba angasebenzisa ama-capillaries ukufinyelela ezindaweni zokutheleleka noma komunye umonakalo wokuvuvukala.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-capillaries?

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zama-capillaries. Ngamunye unesakhiwo esihluke kancane esivumela ukusebenza ngendlela ehlukile.

Ama-capillaries aqhubekayo

Lezi yizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zama-capillaries. Ziqukethe izikhala ezincane phakathi kwamaseli azo endothelial avumela izinto ezinjengegesi, amanzi, ushukela (ushukela), namanye ama-hormone ukuthi adlule.

Ama-capillaries aqhubekayo ebuchosheni ahlukile, noma kunjalo.

Lawa ma-capillaries ayingxenye yesithiyo segazi nobuchopho, esisiza ukuvikela ubuchopho bakho ngokuvumela kuphela izakhamzimba ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuwela.

Yingakho ama-capillaries aqhubekayo kule ndawo awanazo izikhala phakathi kwamaseli endothelial, nolwelwesi lwawo olungaphansi oluzungezile nalo lujiyile.

Ama-capillaries avunyelwe

Ama-capillaries avunyelwe "avuzayo" kunama-capillaries aqhubekayo. Ziqukethe izimbotshana ezincane, ngaphezu kwezikhala ezincane eziphakathi kwamaseli, ezindongeni zazo ezivumela ukushintshaniswa kwama-molecule amakhulu.

Lolu hlobo lwe-capillary lutholakala ezindaweni ezidinga ukushintshana okuningi phakathi kwegazi lakho nezicubu zakho. Izibonelo zalezi zindawo zifaka:

• amathumbu amancane, lapho kufakwa khona izakhamzimba ekudleni
• izinso, lapho kuhlanzwa khona imfucuza ephuma egazini

Ama-capillaries weSinusoid

Lolu uhlobo lwe-capillary oluyivelakancane futhi “oluvuza kakhulu”. Ama-capillaries weSinusoid avumela ukushintshaniswa kwama-molecule amakhulu, ngisho namaseli. Bayakwazi ukwenza lokhu ngoba banezikhala eziningi ezinkulu odongeni lwabo lwe-capillary, ngaphezu kwama-pores nezikhala ezincane. Ulwelwesi olungaphansi oluzungezile aluphelele ngokuvuleka ezindaweni eziningi.

Lezi zinhlobo zama-capillaries zitholakala ezicutshini ezithile, kufaka phakathi lezo zesibindi sakho, ubende, nomnkantsha wethambo.

Isibonelo, emnkantsheni wakho wethambo, lawa ma-capillaries avumela amangqamuzana egazi asanda kukhiqizwa ukuba angene egazini futhi aqale ukujikeleza.

Kwenzekani lapho ama-capillaries engasebenzi kahle?

Ngenkathi ama-capillaries mancane kakhulu, noma yini engajwayelekile ekusebenzeni kwawo ingadala izimpawu ezibonakalayo noma izimo zezempilo ezingaba yingozi kakhulu.

Amabala ewayini lasePort

Amachaphaza ewayini lasePort awuhlobo lwe-birthmark olubangelwa ukunwetshwa kwama-capillaries atholakala esikhunjeni sakho. Lokhu kunwetshwa kubangela ukuthi isikhumba sibonakale sibomvana noma sibomvu ngombala obomvu, okwenza isimo sibe negama laso. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zingaba mnyama ngombala futhi zijiye.

Ngenkathi zingahambi zodwa, amabala ewayini lasechwebeni nawo awasakazeki kwezinye izindawo.

Amabala ewayini lasePort ngokuvamile awadingi ukwelashwa, yize ukwelashwa nge-laser kungasiza ukubenza babe lula ngombala.

Petechiae

I-Petechiae yizindawo ezincane, eziyindilinga ezivela esikhunjeni. Ngokuvamile acishe alingane nekhanda lephini, angaba bomvu noma abubende ngombala, futhi ayisicaba esikhunjeni. Kwenzeka lapho ama-capillaries evuza igazi esikhunjeni. Abakhanyi ngombala lapho kufakwa ingcindezi phezu kwabo.

I-Petechiae ngokuvamile iyisifo sesimo esiyisisekelo, kufaka phakathi:

• izifo ezithathelwanayo, njenge-scarlet fever, isifo se-meningococcal, ne-Rocky Mountain spotted fever
• ukuhlukumezeka ngenxa yokuhlanza noma ukukhwehlela
• i-leukemia
• iscurvy
• amazinga aphansi weplatelet

Eminye imithi, kufaka phakathi i-penicillin, nayo ingadala i-petechiae njengomphumela wecala.

Isystemic capillary leak syndrome

I-systemic capillary leak syndrome (i-SCLS) yisimo esingajwayelekile esingenayo imbangela ecacile. Kepha ochwepheshe bacabanga ukuthi kungahle kuhlobene nento esegazini elimaza izindonga ze-capillary.

Abantu abane-SCLS banokuhlaselwa okuphindaphindiwe lapho umfutho wegazi wabo wehla ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kuhlasela kungaba nzima futhi kudinga usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha.

Lokhu kuhlaselwa kuvame ukuhambisana nezinye izimpawu zokuqala, kufaka phakathi:

• ukuminyana kwamakhala
• ukukhwehlela
• isicanucanu
• ikhanda
• ubuhlungu besisu
• ubumhlophe
• ukuvuvukala kwezingalo nemilenze
• ukuquleka

I-SCLS ivamise ukwelashwa ngemithi esiza ukuvimbela lokhu kuhlasela kungenzeki.

I-Arteriovenous malformation syndrome

Abantu abane-arteriovenous malformation syndrome (AVM) bane-tangle engavamile yemithambo nemithambo exhunywe komunye nomunye ngaphandle kwama-capillaries phakathi. Lezi zingxube zingenzeka noma kuphi emzimbeni, kodwa zivame ukutholakala ebuchosheni nasentanyeni yomgogodla.

Lokhu kungadala izilonda eziphazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi nokulethwa komoya-mpilo. Lezi zilonda zingadala nokopha ezicutshini ezizungezile.

I-AVM imvamisa ayizibangeli izimpawu, ngakho-ke ivame ukutholakala kuphela ngenkathi izama ukuthola esinye isimo. Noma kunjalo, kwezinye izimo, kungadala:

• ikhanda
• ubuhlungu
• ubuthakathaka
• nezindaba ngombono, inkulumo, noma ukunyakaza
• isithuthwane

I-AVM yisimo esingajwayelekile esivame ukuba khona ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukufaka ukukhipha noma ukuvala isilonda se-AVM. Imithi ingasiza futhi ukuphatha izimpawu, njengobuhlungu noma ikhanda.

I-Microcephaly-capillary malformation syndrome

I-Microcephaly-capillary malformation syndrome yisimo esingavamile sezakhi zofuzo esiqala ngaphambi kokuzalwa.

Abantu abanalesi simo banamakhanda amancane nobuchopho. Futhi anama-capillaries akhulisiwe akhulisa ukugeleza kwegazi eduze kwesikhumba, okungadala izindawo ezibomvana ezibomvu esikhunjeni.

Izimpawu ezingeziwe zingabandakanya:

• ukubambezeleka okukhulu kwentuthuko
• isithuthwane
• ubunzima bokudla
• ukunyakaza okungavamile
• izici zobuso ezihlukile, ezingafaka ibunzi elixegisile, ubuso obuyindilinga, nokukhula kwezinwele okungavamile
• ukukhula kancane
• isiqu esifushane noma esincane
• ukungajwayelekile komunwe nozwane, kufaka phakathi izipikili ezincane kakhulu noma ezingekho

I-Microcephaly-capillary malformation syndrome ibangelwa ukuguquka kohlobo oluthile olubizwa nge- STAMBP isakhi sofuzo. Ukuguquka kwesakhi sofuzo kungaholela ekufeni kwamangqamuzana ngesikhathi sokukhula, kuthinte yonke inqubo yokuthuthuka.

Ukwelashwa kwalesi simo kungabandakanya ukugqugquzela - ikakhulukazi ngomsindo nangokuthinta - ukubopha ukugcina ukuma komzimba, kanye nokwelashwa kwemithi yokulwa nokuqothuka.

Okubalulekile

Ama-capillaries yimithambo yegazi emincane edlala indima enkulu ekwenzeni lula ukushintshaniswa kwezinto ezahlukahlukene phakathi kwegazi lakho nezicubu zakho. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-capillaries, ngayinye enesakhiwo nomsebenzi ohluke kancane.