Konke Mayelana Nomdlavuza We-Gallbladder

-Delile

• Ukubuka konke
• Izimbangela zomdlavuza we-gallbladder
• Izici zobungozi
• Izimpawu nezimpawu zomdlavuza we-gallbladder
• Ukuxilongwa nokufakwa kwesifo somdlavuza we-gallbladder
• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-gallbladder
• Umbono
• Ukuvimbela umdlavuza we-gallbladder

Ukubuka konke

I-gallbladder yakho iyisitho esincane esifana ne-sac esingamayintshi ama-3 ubude no-1 intshi ububanzi esihlala ngaphansi kwesibindi sakho. Umsebenzi wawo ukugcina inyongo, okuwuketshezi olwenziwe isibindi sakho. Ngemuva kokugcinwa ku-gallbladder yakho, i-bile ikhishwa emathunjini akho amancane ukusiza ukugaya ukudla.

Umdlavuza we-gallbladder uyivelakancane. Ngokusho kwe-American Cancer Society (ACS):

• Abantu abangaphezu kuka-12,000 e-United States bazothola ukuxilongwa ngo-2019.
• Cishe i-adenocarcinoma njalo, okuwuhlobo lomdlavuza oluqala kumaseli wezindlala kulwelwesi lwezitho zakho.

Izimbangela zomdlavuza we-gallbladder

Odokotela abazi kahle ukuthi yini ebanga umdlavuza we-gallbladder. Bayazi ukuthi, njengawo wonke umdlavuza, iphutha, elaziwa njengoguquko, kwi-DNA yomuntu kubangela ukukhula okungalawuleki okusheshayo kwamaseli.

Njengoba inani lamaseli landa ngokushesha, kwakheka isisindo noma isimila. Uma engalashwa, lawa maseli ekugcineni asakazeka abe izicubu eziseduze nasezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba.

Kunezinto ezinobungozi ezandisa amathuba okuba nomdlavuza we-gallbladder. Iningi lazo lihlobene nokuvuvukala kwe-gallbladder yesikhathi eside.

Ukuba nalezi zinto ezinobungozi akusho ukuthi uzothola umdlavuza. Kusho nje ukuthi amathuba akho okuthola angaphakama kunomuntu ngaphandle kwengozi.

Izici zobungozi

Ama-gallstones ayizicucu ezincane zento eqinisiwe eyakha i-gallbladder yakho lapho i-bile yakho iqukethe i-cholesterol eningi kakhulu noma i-bilirubin - i-pigment eyakhiwa lapho amaseli abomvu egazi ehla.

Lapho ama-gallstones evimba indlela - ebizwa ngokuthi ama-bile ducts - aphume enyongweni noma esibindini sakho, inyongo yakho iyavuvukala. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-cholecystitis, futhi kungaba yinkinga ebucayi noma yesikhathi eside, engapheli.

Ukuvuvukala okungapheli okuvela ku-cholecystitis kuyingozi enkulu yomdlavuza we-gallbladder. Ngokwe-American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), amatshe enyongo atholakala kumaphesenti angama-75 kuya kwangama-90 abantu abanomdlavuza wenyongo.

Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ama-gallstones ajwayelekile ngokweqile futhi ukuba nawo akusho ukuthi uzothola umdlavuza. Ngokusho kwe-ASCO, ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-99 abantu abanezinyongo abaze bathole umdlavuza we-gallbladder.

Ezinye izinto ezihambisana nengozi yomdlavuza we-gallbladder yilezi:

• I-porcelain gallbladder. Yilapho i-gallbladder yakho ibukeka imhlophe, njenge-porcelain, ngoba izindonga zayo zibaliwe. Lokhu kungenzeka ngemuva kwe-cholecystitis engapheli, futhi kuhlotshaniswa nokuvuvukala.
• Ama-polyps we-gallbladder. Cishe amaphesenti ama-5 alokhu kukhula okuncane ku-gallbladder yakho anomdlavuza.
• Ucansi. Ngokusho kwe-ACS, abesifazane bathola umdlavuza we-gallbladder kaningi kaningi kunabesilisa.
• Ubudala. Umdlavuza we-gallbladder uvame ukuthinta abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-65. Ngokwesilinganiso, abantu baneminyaka engama-72 lapho bethola ukuthi banaso.
• Iqembu lobuhlanga. E-United States, abantu baseLatin America, aboMdabu baseMelika kanye nabaseMexico basengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza we-gallbladder.
• Izinkinga zamanzi emifula. Izimo ezisezimbanjeni ze-bile ezivimba ukugeleza kwe-bile zingadala ukuthi ibuyele emuva enyameni. Lokhu kubangela ukuvuvukala, okwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-gallbladder.
• I-primary sclerosing cholangitis. Ukugqashuka okwenzeka ngenxa yokuvuvukala kwamapayipi e-bile kwandisa ingozi yakho yomdlavuza we-bile nomdlavuza we-gallbladder.
• Isishingishane.Salmonella amagciwane abangela i-typhoid. Abantu abanezifo ezingapheli, zesikhathi eside abanezimpawu ezingenazo noma abangenazo banengozi enkulu yomdlavuza we-gallbladder.
• Amalungu omndeni anomdlavuza we-gallbladder. Ingcuphe yakho inyuka kancane uma kunomlando wayo emndenini wakho.

Izimpawu nezimpawu zomdlavuza we-gallbladder

Izimpawu ezibonakalayo zomdlavuza we-gallbladder ngokuvamile aziveli kuze kube yilapho isifo sesithuthuke kakhulu. Yingakho, imvamisa, isivele isakazekele ezithweni eziseduze nakuma-lymph node noma iye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho lapho itholakala.

Uma zenzeka, izimpawu nezimpawu zingabandakanya:

• ubuhlungu besisu, imvamisa engxenyeni engakwesokudla esiswini sakho
• i-jaundice, ephuzi isikhumba sakho nabamhlophe bamehlo akho ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu e-bilirubin kusuka ekuvinjelweni kwamapayipi akho e-bile
• isisu esinamaqhuqhuva, esenzeka lapho i-gallbladder yakho ikhula ngenxa yemigoqo ye-bile evinjiwe noma umdlavuza usakazeka esibindini sakho bese kudaleka izigaxa esiswini sakho sangakwesokudla
• isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• ukuncipha komzimba
• imfiva
• ukuqunjelwa esiswini
• umchamo omnyama

Ukuxilongwa nokufakwa kwesifo somdlavuza we-gallbladder

Ngesinye isikhathi, umdlavuza we-gallbladder utholakala ngengozi ku-gallbladder esuswe nge-cholecystitis noma esinye isizathu. Kepha imvamisa, udokotela wakho uzokwenza izivivinyo zokuxilonga ngoba unezimpawu ezivela.

Ukuhlolwa okungasetshenziselwa ukuxilonga, isigaba, nokuhlela ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-gallbladder kufaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi kubonisa ukuthi kusebenza kanjani isibindi sakho, i-gallbladder, ne-bile ducts futhi kunikeza izinkomba mayelana nokuthi yini ebangela izimpawu zakho.
• I-Ultrasound. Izithombe ze-gallbladder yakho nesibindi zidalwe ngamagagasi omsindo. Isivivinyo esilula, esenziwa kalula esivame ukwenziwa ngaphambi kwabanye.
• Iskena se-CT. Izithombe zikhombisa i-gallbladder yakho nezitho ezizungezile.
• Ukuskena kwe-MRI. Izithombe zibonisa imininingwane eminingi kunezinye izivivinyo.
• I-Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC). Le yi-X-ray ethathwe ngemuva kokujovwa kwedayi ekhombisa ukuvinjelwa emibhobho yakho ye-bile noma esibindini.
• I-Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Kulesi sivivinyo, kufakwa ithubhu ekhanyisiwe enekhamera, eyaziwa njenge-endoscope, ngomlomo wakho futhi idlulele emathunjini akho amancane. Udayi ube usujovwa ngeshubhu elincane elibekwe emgodleni wakho we-bile bese kuthathwa i-X-ray ukuyobheka amapayipi ebile.
• Isidumbu. Kususwa ucezu oluncane lwesimila bese lubhekwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala komdlavuza.

Isiteji somdlavuza sikutshela uma umdlavuza usakaze ngaphandle nangaphandle kwenyongo yakho. Isetshenziswa odokotela ukunquma ngamasu angcono kakhulu okwelashwa nokunquma umphumela.

Umdlavuza we-gallbladder uhlelwe kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwe-American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM system. Isikali sisuka ku-0 siye ku-4 ngokuya ngokuthi umdlavuza usukhule kangakanani waba udonga lwenyongo nokuthi usabalalise kangakanani.

Isigaba 0 sisho ukuthi amangqamuzana angajwayelekile awakasakazeki kusuka lapho aqala khona ukubizwa - abizwa ngokuthi i-carcinoma in situ. Izicubu ezinkulu ezisakazeka ezithweni eziseduze nanoma yisiphi isimila esisakazeka, noma esisasazwe ngomzimba, ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba wakho yisigaba sesi-4.

Imininingwane engaphezulu ngokusabalala komdlavuza inikezwa yi-TNM:

• I-T (isimila) - ikhombisa ukuthi umdlavuza usukhule kangakanani waba udonga lwenyongo
• I-N (node): ikhombisa ukusabalala kuma-lymph node asondele ku-gallbladder yakho
• M (metastasis): ikhombisa ukusabalala ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-gallbladder

Ukuhlinzwa kungaphulukisa umdlavuza we-gallbladder, kepha wonke umdlavuza kufanele ususwe. Lokhu kuyinketho kuphela lapho umdlavuza utholakale kusenesikhathi, ngaphambi kokuba usabalalele ezithweni eziseduze nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Ngeshwa, izibalo ezivela ku-ACS zibonisa kuphela umuntu oyedwa kwabahlanu othola ukuxilongwa ngaphambi kokuba umdlavuza usabalale.

I-Chemotherapy kanye nemisebe kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umdlavuza uphelile ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukwelapha umdlavuza we-gallbladder ongasuswa. Ayikwazi ukwelapha umdlavuza kepha ingalula impilo futhi yelaphe izimpawu.

Lapho umdlavuza we-gallbladder uthuthukile, kusengenziwa ukuhlinzeka izimpawu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukunakekelwa okunciphisayo. Ezinye izinhlobo zokunakekelwa okunciphisayo zingabandakanya:

• imithi yezinhlungu
• umuthi wokucanuzela kwenhliziyo
• umoya-mpilo
• ukubeka ishubhu, noma i-stent, emgudwini wenyongo ukuyigcina ivulekile ukuze ikwazi ukuphuma

Ukunakekelwa kwe-palliative kuyasetshenziswa futhi lapho kungenziwa ukuhlinzwa ngoba umuntu akaphilile ngokwanele.

Umbono

Umbono womdlavuza we-gallbladder uncike esiteji. Umdlavuza wesigaba sokuqala unombono ongcono kakhulu kunomdlavuza osezingeni eliphakeme.

Izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lisho iphesenti labantu abanesimo esiphila eminyakeni emihlanu ngemuva kokuxilongwa. Ngokwesilinganiso, isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu sokusinda kuzo zonke izigaba zomdlavuza we-gallbladder ngamaphesenti ayi-19.

Ngokusho kwe-ASCO, izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lomdlavuza we-gallbladder ngesigaba yile:

• Amaphesenti angama-80 e-carcinoma in situ (isigaba 0)
• Amaphesenti angama-50 womdlavuza ovalelwe enyongweni (isigaba 1)
• Amaphesenti angu-8 womdlavuza osakazekela kuma-lymph node (isigaba 3)
• ngaphansi kwamaphesenti amane omdlavuza osetshenzisiwe (isigaba 4)

Ukuvimbela umdlavuza we-gallbladder

Ngoba iningi lezinto ezinobungozi, ezifana nobudala nobuzwe, azikwazi ukuguqulwa, umdlavuza we-gallbladder awunakuvinjelwa. Kodwa-ke, ukuba nempilo enempilo kungasiza ekunciphiseni ubungozi bakho. Amanye amathiphu wendlela yokuphila enempilo angafaka:

• Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo. Le yingxenye enkulu yendlela yokuphila enempilo futhi ingenye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokwehlisa ubungozi bokuthola izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza, kufaka phakathi umdlavuza we-gallbladder.
• Ukudla ukudla okunempilo. Ukudla izithelo nemifino kungasiza ekukhuphuleni amasosha akho omzimba futhi kukusize ekuvikeleni ekuguleni. Ukudla okusanhlamvu okuphelele esikhundleni sezinhlamvu ezihlanjululwe nokunciphisa ukudla okusetshenzisiwe nakho kungakusiza ukuthi uhlale uphilile.
• Ukuzivocavoca umzimba. Izinzuzo zokuvivinya umzimba ngokulingene zifaka nokugcina isisindo esinempilo nokuqinisa amasosha akho omzimba.