Yini ukuxhumana phakathi kweGiant Cell Arteritis kanye Namehlo Akho?

-Delile

• Yeka ukuthi i-giant cell arteritis ithinta kanjani amehlo
• Izimpawu zezinkinga zamehlo
• Ukulahleka kombono
• Ukuhlolwa kweso
• Ukwelashwa
• Ukuphila kahle ngokulahleka kombono
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Imithambo yegazi iyizitsha ezithwala igazi lisuke enhliziyweni yakho liye kuwo wonke umzimba wakho. Lelo gazi ligcwele umoya-mpilo, lapho zonke izicubu zakho nezitho zakho zomzimba kudingeka zisebenze kahle.

Ku-giant cell arteritis (GCA), imithambo ekhanda lakho iyavuvukala. Njengoba le mithambo yegazi ivuvukala, iyancipha, okubeka umkhawulo wegazi elingakwazi ukulithwala. Ukuntuleka kwegazi kubizwa ngokuthi ischemia.

Igazi elincane ngokwanele lingalimaza amehlo akho futhi lidale ukulahleka kombono kungazelelwe. Ubumpumputhe ku-GCA bukhulu kakhulu ngenxa ye-ischemic optic neuropathy (ION), lapho i-optic nerve yonakala khona. Ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha kungakuvimbela ekulahlekelweni ukubona kwakho.

Yeka ukuthi i-giant cell arteritis ithinta kanjani amehlo

Ukuncipha kwemithambo e-GCA kunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi kuya emehlweni. Ukushoda kwegazi kulimaza i-optic nerve nezinye izakhiwo odinga ukuzibona kahle. Ngokuya ngokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yeso lakho elahlekelwa ukugeleza kwegazi, ungaba nezinkinga ezisukela kumbono ophindwe kabili kuye ekulahlekelweni kokubona.

I-GCA futhi inciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi kuya ezingxenyeni zobuchopho bakho ezikusiza ukuthi ubone. Lokhu kulahleka kwegazi kungadala ukuthi ulahlekelwe umbono wakho ohlangothini.

Izimpawu zezinkinga zamehlo

I-GCA ivame ukuthinta imithambo yegazi ekhanda lakho. Izimpawu eziyinhloko izinhlungu ezinzima zekhanda nobuhlungu ekhanda lakho, ikakhulukazi eduze kwamathempeli akho. Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zifaka phakathi ubuhlungu bomhlathi, umkhuhlane nokukhathala.

Lapho i-GCA ithinta amehlo, izimpawu zingafaka:

• umbono ophindwe kabili (idiplopia)
• ubuhlungu obuzungeze amehlo
• amalambu akhanyayo
• izinguquko zombala
• ukungaboni kahle
• ukulahleka kwesikhashana kombono kwelinye iso
• ubumpumputhe ngokungazelele kwelinye noma kuwo womabili amehlo

Abanye abantu abanazimpawu kuze kube yilapho sebelahlekelwe umbono wabo.

Ukulahleka kombono

Ukuncipha noma ukuvalwa kwemithambo yegazi emehlweni kungaholela ekungaboni. Ukulahleka kombono kungenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu. Cishe amaphesenti angama-30 kuye kwangama-50 abantu abane-GCA engaphathwa kabi bazolahlekelwa umbono esweni elilodwa.

Kwesinye isikhathi, ubumpumputhe buvela kwelinye iso ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-1 kuya kwezingu-10. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zabantu abalahlekelwe ukubona kwelinye iso bazolahlekelwa ukubona kwesinye iso. Uma usulahlekelwe ukubona, ngeke kubuye.

Ukuhlolwa kweso

Uma utholwe une-GCA noma unezimpawu zokubona, bheka udokotela wamehlo.

Ukuhlolwa kokuthola ukulahleka kombono kusuka ku-GCA kufaka:

• Hlola amandla akho okubuka. Amandla akho okubuka ukucaca nokubukhali kombono wakho. Uzofunda eshadini lamehlo.Ubukhali obujwayelekile bokubonwayo ngu-20/20, okusho ukuthi uyakwazi ukufunda ukude ngamamitha angu-20 lokho umuntu onombono ojwayelekile angakufunda kulelo banga.
• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okukhanyisiwe. Udokotela wamehlo wakho uzosebenzisa amaconsi ukukhulisa, noma ukunweba, umfundi wakho. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungabonisa ukulimala kwe-retina yakho kanye ne-optic nerve.
• Hlola umthambo ekhanda lakho. Udokotela weso lakho angacindezela ngobumnene emthanjeni ohlangothini lwekhanda lakho ukuze abone ukuthi liyajiya yini kunokujwayelekile - uphawu lwe-GCA.
• Ukuhlolwa kwenkambu ebonakalayo. Lokhu kuhlolwa kubheka umbono wakho wangaphandle (ohlangothini).
• I-Fluorescein angiography. Udokotela wamehlo wakho uzofaka idayi emthanjeni engalweni yakho. Idayi izohamba iye emithanjeni yegazi esweni lakho futhi iyenze i-fluoresce, noma ikhanye. Ngemuva kwalokho ikhamera ekhethekile izothatha izithombe zeso lakho ukusiza udokotela wakho abone noma yiziphi izinkinga ngemithambo yegazi.

Ukwelashwa

Ukwelashwa kwe-GCA ngokuyinhloko kubandakanya ukufaka imithamo ephezulu yezidakamizwa ze-corticosteroid njenge-prednisone. Kubalulekile ukuqala ukuthatha le mithi ngokushesha okukhulu ukugcina umbono wakho. Udokotela wakho kungenzeka angalindi uze utholwe ngokusemthethweni nge-GCA ukuze akuqale nge-steroid.

Uma usuthole ukwelashwa, izimpawu zakho kufanele zithuthuke kungakapheli izinsuku eziyi-1 ukuya kwezi-3. Ngemuva kokuthi izimpawu zakho zilawulwe, udokotela wakho angaqala ukwehlisa kancane kancane umthamo wakho we-steroid. Kepha kungadingeka ukuthi uhlale kule mithi isikhathi esingangeminyaka emibili.

Uma isifo sakho sinzima futhi usuvele ulahlekelwe umbono, udokotela wakho angakunika imithamo ephezulu kakhulu ye-steroids nge-IV. Lapho isimo sakho sesithuthukile, uzoshintshela kumaphilisi e-steroid.

Izidakamizwa ze-steroid zingadala imiphumela emibi njengamathambo abuthakathaka kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yokwelashwa ngamehlo. Udokotela wakho angancoma ukwelashwa ukusiza ukuphatha lezi zinkinga.

Ama-steroid asebenza kahle kakhulu ekulawuleni i-GCA. Le mithi ayikwazi ukubuyisa umbono osuvele ulahlekile, kepha ingagcina umbono owushiyile.

Uma i-steroids ingazinciphisi izinkinga zakho zokubona nezinye izimpawu, kungadingeka ukuthi uthathe eminye imithi kanye ne-steroids noma esikhundleni sayo. I-Methotrexate ne-tocilizumab (Actemra) ezinye izidakamizwa ezimbili ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha lesi simo.

Ukuphila kahle ngokulahleka kombono

Ukungaboni kungaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yakho, kepha ungafunda ukuwusebenzisa ngokunenzuzo lo mbono osele nawo. Zama lezi zeluleko:

• Beka izibani ezikhanyayo ezungeze ikhaya lakho nehhovisi. Khanyisa ngqo kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi owenzayo, noma ngabe uyafunda, uyathunga noma uyapheka.
• Sebenzisa imibala ekhanyayo ukwenza umehluko phakathi kwezinto. Isibonelo, ungabeka ukuphonsa okugqamile esihlalweni esimhlophe ukwenza isihlalo sigqame.
• Thenga amabhuku amakhulu, amawashi namawashi. Khulisa usayizi wefonti kukhompyutha yakho nakumakhalekhukhwini wakho.
• Sebenzisa izikhulisi nezinye izinsiza zokubona okuphansi ukukusiza ubone ngokucacile.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ukulahleka kombono kusuka ku-GCA kungenzeka ngokushesha. Uma unezimpawu ezifana nokubona kabili, ukungaboni kahle, ubuhlungu beso, noma ukulahleka kombono esweni elilodwa, bheka udokotela wamehlo wakho noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha okukhulu.

Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi unalesi simo, ukuthatha ama-steroids aphezulu kuyindlela engcono yokuvikela ukubona kwakho. Landela imiyalo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela futhi uthathe yonke imithi yakho. Ukuyeka ukwelashwa ngokushesha kungabeka ukubona kwakho engcupheni.