ITourette Syndrome

-Delile

• Yini iTourette syndrome?
• Ziyini izimpawu ze-Tourette syndrome?
• Izimoto zezimoto
• Izingqungqulu zomsindo
• Yini ebangela iTourette syndrome?
• Itholakala kanjani iTourette syndrome?
• Yelashwa kanjani iTourette syndrome?
• Ukwelashwa
• Imithi
• Imithi yokwelashwa
• Kungani ukwesekwa kubalulekile?
• Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside?

Yini iTourette syndrome?

I-Tourette syndrome yisifo sezinzwa. Kubangela ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe, okungazibandakanyi nokuqhuma kwamaphimbo. Imbangela ngqo ayikaziwa.

I-Tourette syndrome iyi-tic syndrome. Ama-Tics ayizinhlungu zemisipha ezingazibandakanyi. Ziqukethe ukuguquguquka okungazelelwe kwezikhathi zeqembu lemisipha.

Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile kakhulu zama-tics zibandakanya:

• ecwayiza
• ukuhogela
• ukububula
• ukukhipha umphimbo
• ukufiphala
• ukunyakaza kwamahlombe
• ukunyakaza kwekhanda

Ngokusho kweNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), abantu ababalelwa ku-200,000 e-United States bakhombisa izimpawu ezinzima ze-Tourette syndrome.

Abangaba ngu-1 kwabangu-100 baseMelika bathola izimpawu ezinzima. Lesi sifo sithinta abesilisa cishe izikhathi eziphindwe kane kunabesifazane.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Tourette syndrome?

Izimpawu zingahluka kusuka komunye umuntu ziye komunye. Imvamisa zivela phakathi kweminyaka yobudala emi-3 nengu-9 ubudala, ziqala ngezicubu ezincane zemisipha yekhanda lakho nasentanyeni yakho. Ekugcineni, amanye ama-tics angavela esiqwini nasemilenzeni yakho.

Abantu okutholakala ukuthi bane-Tourette syndrome bavame ukuba ne-motor tic kanye ne-vocal tic.

Izimpawu zivame ukwanda ngezikhathi ze:

• injabulo
• ukucindezeleka
• ukukhathazeka

Ngokuvamile ziba nzima kakhulu phakathi neminyaka yakho yokuqala yobusha.

Ama-Tics ahlukaniswa ngohlobo, njengemoto noma iphimbo. Ukuhlukaniswa okuqhubekayo kufaka phakathi imidwebo elula noma eyinkimbinkimbi.

Ama-tics alula ngokuvamile abandakanya iqembu elilodwa kuphela lemisipha futhi amafushane. Ama-tics ayinkimbinkimbi amaphethini ahambisanayo wokunyakaza noma ukuphinyiselwa kwezwi okubandakanya amaqembu emisipha amaningana.

Izimoto zezimoto

Izingqungqulu zomsindo

Yini ebangela iTourette syndrome?

I-Tourette yisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kubandakanya ukungajwayelekile ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zobuchopho bakho nasemasekithini kagesi azixhuma. Ukungajwayelekile kungahle kube khona ku-basal ganglia yakho, ingxenye yobuchopho bakho enomthelela ekulawuleni ukunyakaza kwezimoto.

Amakhemikhali ebuchosheni bakho adlulisa imizwa yezinzwa nawo angabandakanyeka. Lawa makhemikhali aziwa ngokuthi ama-neurotransmitters.

Kubandakanya:

• i-dopamine
• i-serotonin
• norepinephrine

Njengamanje, imbangela yeTourette ayaziwa, futhi ayikho indlela yokuyivimba. Abaphenyi bakholelwa ukuthi ukukhubazeka okuzuzwe ngofuzo kungaba imbangela. Basebenza ukukhomba izakhi zofuzo ezithile ezihlobene ngqo neTourette.

Kodwa-ke, kukhonjwe amaqoqo emindeni. La maqoqo aholela abacwaningi ukuthi bakholelwe ukuthi izakhi zofuzo zinendima ethile kubantu abathile abasathuthuka iTourette.

Itholakala kanjani iTourette syndrome?

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokubuza mayelana nezimpawu zakho. Ukuxilongwa kudinga kokubili imoto eyodwa ne-vocal tic okungenani unyaka owodwa.

Ezinye izimo zingalingisa i-Tourette, ngakho-ke umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo anga-oda izifundo zokucabanga, njenge-MRI, i-CT, noma i-EEG, kepha lezi zifundo ze-imaging azidingeki ekwenzeni ukuxilongwa.

Abantu abane-Tourette bavame ukuba nezinye izimo, futhi, kufaka phakathi:

• ukunakekelwa kokulahleka kokugula (ADHD)
• ukuphazamiseka okucindezelayo (OCD)
• ukukhubazeka ekufundeni
• inkinga yokulala
• ukukhathazeka
• ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo

Yelashwa kanjani iTourette syndrome?

Uma ama-tics akho engekho kakhulu, ungahle ungadingi ukwelashwa. Uma zinzima noma zidala imicabango yokuzilimaza, kunezindlela zokwelashwa eziningana. Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angaphinde ancome ukwelashwa uma ama-tics akho eba yimbi ngesikhathi sokukhula.

Ukwelashwa

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angancoma ukwelashwa kokuziphatha noma ukwelashwa kwengqondo. Lokhu kubandakanya ukwelulekwa ubuso nobuso nochwepheshe wezempilo yezengqondo onelayisense.

Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kubandakanya:

• ukuqeqeshwa kokuqwashisa
• ukuqeqeshwa kwempendulo encintisanayo
• ukungenelela kokuziphatha kwengqondo

Lolu hlobo lwezokwelapha lungasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu ze:

• I-ADHD
• I-OCD
• ukukhathazeka

Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa futhi izindlela ezilandelayo phakathi nezikhathi zokwelashwa kwengqondo:

• ukuluthwa
• amasu okuphumula
• ukuzindla okuqondisiwe
• izivivinyo zokuphefumula okujulile

Ungathola ukwelashwa kweqembu kuwusizo. Uzokwelulekwa ngokwengqondo nabanye abantu abaseqenjini elifanayo nabo abane-Tourette syndrome.

Imithi

Ayikho imithi yokwelapha i-Tourette syndrome.

Kodwa-ke, umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angakunikeza umuthi owodwa noma ngaphezulu ukukusiza ukuphatha izimpawu zakho:

• IHaloperidol (Haldol), aripiprazole (Abilify), risperidone (Risperdal), noma ezinye izidakamizwa ze-neuroleptic: Le mithi ingasiza ukuvimba noma ukunciphisa i-dopamine receptors ebuchosheni bakho futhi isize ukuphatha ama-tics akho. Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ingafaka ukuzuza kwesisindo kanye nenkungu yengqondo.
• I-onabotulinum toxin A (Botox): Imijovo ye-Botox ingasiza ekuphatheni izinto ezilula zezimoto nezwi. Lokhu ukusetshenziswa okungekho kwelebula kwe-onabotulinum toxin A.
• I-Methylphenidate (Ritalin): Ukukhuthaza imishanguzo, njengoRitalin, kungasiza ekwehliseni izimpawu ze-ADHD ngaphandle kokukhulisa ama-tics akho.
• I-Clonidine: I-Clonidine, imithi yengcindezi yegazi, nezinye izidakamizwa ezifanayo, zingasiza ekwehliseni ama-tics, ukuphatha ukuhlaselwa kolaka nokusekela ukulawula umfutho. Lokhu ukusetshenziswa okungekho kwelebula kwe-clonidine.
• I-Topiramate (Topamax): I-Topiramate ingabekwa ukunciphisa ama-tics. Izingozi ezihambisana nalo muthi zibandakanya izinkinga zokuqonda nezolimi, ukudinwa, ukwehla kwesisindo, namatshe ezinso.
• Imithi esuselwa ku-cannabis: Kunobufakazi obunqunyelwe be-cannabinoid delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (dronabinol) engamisa ama-tics kubantu abadala. Kukhona nobufakazi obulinganiselwe bezinhlobo ezithile zensangu yezokwelapha. Imithi esuselwa ku-cannabis akufanele inikezwe izingane nentsha, nabesifazane abakhulelwe noma abahlengikazi.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingekho kwelebula kusho ukuthi umuthi ovunyelwe yi-FDA ngenhloso eyodwa usetshenziselwa injongo eyehlukile engavunyelwe. Kodwa-ke, udokotela usengasisebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa ngaleyo njongo.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-FDA ilawula ukuhlolwa nokuvunywa kwezidakamizwa, kodwa hhayi ukuthi odokotela bazisebenzisa kanjani izidakamizwa ukwelapha iziguli zabo. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho angakunikeza umuthi kodwa bacabanga ukuthi kungcono kakhulu ukunakekelwa kwakho.

Imithi yokwelashwa

Ukugqugquzela ubuchopho obujulile kungenye indlela yokwelashwa etholakalayo kubantu abane-tics ezinzima. Kubantu abane-Tourette syndrome, ukusebenza kwalolu hlobo lokwelashwa kusaphenywa.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angafaka idivaysi esebenza ngebhethri ebuchosheni bakho ukuvuselela izingxenye ezilawula ukunyakaza. Ngenye indlela, bangafaka izintambo zikagesi ebuchosheni bakho ukuthumela izinto ezisebenza ngogesi kulezo zindawo.

Le ndlela ibilusizo kubantu abane-tics okubhekwe ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukuyelapha. Kufanele ukhulume nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuze ufunde ngezingozi nezinzuzo ezingaba khona kuwe nokuthi ngabe le ndlela yokwelashwa izosebenza kahle yini ngezidingo zakho zezempilo.

Kungani ukwesekwa kubalulekile?

Ukuphila ne-Tourette syndrome kungadala imizwa yokuba wedwa futhi ube wedwa. Ukungakwazi ukulawula ukuqhuma kwakho kanye ne-tics yakho nakho kungakwenza uzizwe ungafuni ukubamba iqhaza emisebenzini abanye abantu abangayijabulela.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kukhona ukwesekwa okutholakalayo ukukusiza ukuphatha isimo sakho.

Ukusizakala ngezinsizakusebenza ezitholakalayo kungakusiza ukubhekana ne-Tourette syndrome. Isibonelo, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo mayelana namaqembu osizo wendawo. Ungase futhi uthande ukucabangela ukwelashwa kweqembu.

Amaqembu okusekela nokwelashwa kweqembu kungakusiza ukuthi ubhekane nokudangala nokuzihlukanisa nabantu.

Ukuhlangana nokwakha isibopho nalabo abanesimo esifanayo kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni imizwa yesizungu. Uzokwazi ukulalela izindaba zabo zomuntu siqu, kufaka phakathi ukunqoba kwabo nokulwa kwabo, ngenkathi futhi uthola izeluleko ongazifaka empilweni yakho.

Uma uhambela iqembu lokusekelwa, kodwa uzwe ukuthi akulona umdlalo ofanele, ungadikibali. Kungadingeka ukuthi uhambele amaqembu ahlukene uze uthole okulungile.

Uma unothandekayo ophila ne-Tourette syndrome, ungajoyina iqembu lokusekelwa komndeni futhi ufunde kabanzi ngalesi simo. Lapho wazi okwengeziwe ngeTourette, kulapho ungasiza khona othandekayo wakho ukuthi abhekane nakho.

I-Tourette Association of America (TAA) ingakusiza uthole ukwesekwa kwasendaweni.

Njengomzali, kubalulekile ukusekela nokuba ngummeli wengane yakho, okungabandakanya ukwazisa othisha babo ngesimo sabo.

Ezinye izingane ezine-Tourette syndrome zingaxhashazwa ontanga yazo. Abafundisi bangadlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni abanye abafundi baqonde isimo sengane yakho, okungayeka ukuxhashazwa nokugconwa.

Ama-Tics nezenzo zokuzibandakanya nazo zingaphazamisa ingane yakho emsebenzini wesikole. Khuluma nesikole sengane yakho ngokuvumela isikhathi esengeziwe sokuqedela izivivinyo nokuhlolwa.

Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside?

Njengabantu abaningi abane-Tourette syndrome, ungathola ukuthi ama-tics akho ayathuthuka eminyakeni yakho yobudala esanda kweva eminyakeni eyishumi nambili. Izimpawu zakho zingaze ziyeke ngokuzenzekelayo futhi ngokuphelele lapho usumdala.

Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe izimpawu zakho zeTourette zincipha ngeminyaka yobudala, ungaqhubeka nokuzwa futhi udinga ukwelashwa ngezimo ezihlobene, ezinjengokudangala, ukwethuka nokukhathazeka.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula i-Tourette syndrome yisimo sezokwelapha esingathinti ubuhlakani bakho noma isikhathi sokuphila.

Ngokuthuthuka kwezokwelapha, iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo, kanye nokufinyelela ekusekelweni nasezinsizakalweni, ungaphatha izimpawu zakho, ezingakusiza ukuthi uphile impilo egculisayo.