Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Glaucoma

-Delile

• Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwe-glaucoma?
• Zisetshenziselwani?
• Kungani ngidinga ukuhlolwa kwe-glaucoma?
• Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-glaucoma?
• Ngabe kukhona engizodinga ukukwenza ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa kwe-glaucoma?
• Ingabe zikhona izingozi ezivivinyweni?
• Isho ukuthini imiphumela?
• Ngabe kukhona okunye engidinga ukukwazi mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-glaucoma?
• Izinkomba

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwe-glaucoma?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-glaucoma kuyiqembu lezivivinyo ezisiza ukuxilonga i-glaucoma, isifo esweni esingadala ukulahleka kombono nokungaboni. I-glaucoma yenzeka lapho uketshezi lukhula engxenyeni engaphambili yeso. Uketshezi olungeziwe lubanga ukwanda kwengcindezi yamehlo. Ukwanda kwengcindezi yamehlo kungalimaza i-optic nerve. Imizwa ye-optic ithwala imininingwane isuse iso iye ebuchosheni. Lapho i-nerve optic yonakele, ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zokubona.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-glaucoma. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko yilezi:

• I-glaucoma evulekile, ebizwa nangokuthi i-glaucoma eyinhloko evulekile. Lolu uhlobo olujwayelekile lwe-glaucoma. Kwenzeka lapho uketshezi olusesweni lungakhiphi kahle emiseleni yeso lokukhipha iso. Uketshezi luye lwenziwe isipele emiseleni njengepayipi le-sinki eliminyene elisekelwa ngamanzi. Lokhu kudala ukwanda kwengcindezi yamehlo. I-open-angle glaucoma ikhula kancane, isikhathi esiyizinyanga noma iminyaka. Iningi labantu alinazo izimpawu noma izinguquko zombono ekuqaleni. I-glaucoma evulekile ivame ukuthinta womabili amehlo ngasikhathi sinye.
• I-glaucoma evaliwe, okubizwa nangokuthi ukuvalwa kwe-engela noma i-glaucoma e-angle encane. Lolu hlobo lwe-glaucoma aluvamile e-United States. Imvamisa kuthinta iso elilodwa ngasikhathi. Kulolu hlobo lwe-glaucoma, imisele yokuhambisa amanzi emehlweni iyasitshekelwa, kube sengathi kufakwa isivalo phezu komsele othile. I-glaucoma evaliwe ingaba yimbi noma engapheli.
  • I-glaucoma ejwayelekile evaliwe kubangela ukwanda okusheshayo kwengcindezi yamehlo. Kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Abantu abane-glaucoma ebukhali evaliwe bangalahlekelwa umbono emahoreni ambalwa uma isimo singelashwa ngokushesha.
  • I-glaucoma engapheli evaliwe kukhula kancane. Ezimweni eziningi, azikho izimpawu kuze kube umonakalo omkhulu.

Zisetshenziselwani?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-glaucoma kusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-glaucoma. Uma i-glaucoma itholakala kusenesikhathi, ungakwazi ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukulahleka kombono.

Kungani ngidinga ukuhlolwa kwe-glaucoma?

Uma une-glaucoma evulekile, ungahle ungabi nazimpawu kuze kube yilapho lesi sifo siba nzima. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlolwa uma unezici ezithile zobungozi. Ungaba sengozini enkulu ye-glaucoma uma unomlando womndeni we-glaucoma noma uma:

• Uneminyaka engu-60 noma ngaphezulu. I-glaucoma ivame kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile.
• AbaseSpanishi nabaneminyaka engama-60 noma ngaphezulu. Ama-Hispanics kuleli qembu lobudala anengozi enkulu ye-glaucoma uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abadala asebekhulile abanokhokho baseYurophu.
• I-African American. IGlaucoma iyimbangela ehamba phambili yobumpumputhe kubantu base-Afrika baseMelika.
• Wase-Asia. Abantu abadabuka e-Asia basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-glaucoma evaliwe.

I-glaucoma evaliwe ingadala izimpawu ezingazelelwe nezimbi. Uma ingalashwa ngokushesha, ingadala ubumpumputhe. Izimpawu zifaka:

• Ukufiphala okungazelelwe kombono
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu beso
• Amehlo abomvu
• Ama-halos anemibala azungeze amalambu
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza

Uma unanoma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-glaucoma?

I-glaucoma ivame ukutholakala ineqembu lezivivinyo, elaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele. Lezi zivivinyo zivame ukwenziwa ngudokotela wezifo zamehlo. Udokotela wezifo zamehlo udokotela ogxile kwezempilo yamehlo ekwelapheni nasekuvimbeleni isifo samehlo.

Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele kufaka:

• I-Tonometry. Esivivinyweni se-tonometry, uzohlala esihlalweni sokuhlola eduze kwesibonakhulu esikhethekile esibizwa ngokuthi isibani esinqunyiwe. Udokotela wezifo zamehlo noma omunye umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzobeka amaconsi emehlweni akho ukuze azikhathaze. Ngemuva kwalokho uzophumuza isilevu nebunzi lakho kusibani se-slit. Ngenkathi uncike kusibani se-slit, umhlinzeki wakho uzosebenzisa idivayisi esweni lakho ebizwa nge-tonometer. Umshini ulinganisa ukucindezela kwamehlo. Uzozwa ukuphefumula okuncane komoya, kodwa ngeke kulimaze.
• I-Pachymetry. Njengasesivivinyweni se-tonometry, uzoqala uthole amaconsi ukuze ukhulule iso lakho. Umhlinzeki wakho uzobe esesebenzisa idivayisi encane esweni lakho ebizwa nge-pachymeter. Le divayisi ilinganisa ubukhulu be-cornea yakho. I-cornea ungqimba lwangaphandle lweso olumboza iris (ingxenye enemibala yeso) nomfundi. I-cornea ezacile ingakubeka engcupheni enkulu yokuthola i-glaucoma.
• I-Perimetry, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukuhlolwa kwenkambu ebonakalayo, kukala umbono wakho wangaphandle (ohlangothini). Ngesikhathi sokujikeleza, uzocelwa ukuthi ubheke ngqo kusikrini. Ukukhanya noma isithombe kuzongena kusuka kolunye uhlangothi lwesikrini. Uzokwazisa umhlinzeki uma ubona lokhu kukhanya noma isithombe ngenkathi usabheke phambili ngqo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okukhanyisiwe. Kulesi sivivinyo, umhlinzeki wakho uzobeka amaconsi emehlweni akho anwebe (ahlulwe) abafundi bakho. Umhlinzeki wakho uzosebenzisa idivaysi enelensi ekhanyayo neyokukhulisa ukubheka imizwa yakho yokubona nokuhlola umonakalo.
• I-Gonioscopy. Kulesi sivivinyo, umhlinzeki wakho uzobeka amaconsi emehlweni akho kuwo womabili futhi awanciphise. Ngemuva kwalokho umhlinzeki wakho uzofaka ilensi yokuxhumana ekhethekile ebanjwe ngesandla esweni. Ilensi inesibuko kuso ukuvumela udokotela abheke ingaphakathi leso ezinhlangothini ezahlukahlukene. Ingakhombisa ukuthi ngabe i-engeli phakathi kwe-iris ne-cornea ibanzi kakhulu (uphawu olungenzeka lwe-open-angle glaucoma) noma lincane kakhulu (uphawu olungaba khona lwe-glaucoma evaliwe).

Ngabe kukhona engizodinga ukukwenza ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa kwe-glaucoma?

Ngenkathi amehlo akho evulekile, umbono wakho ungafiphala futhi uzwele kakhulu ekukhanyeni. Le miphumela ingahlala amahora ambalwa futhi ihluke ngobukhulu. Ukuvikela amehlo akho ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo, kufanele ulethe izibuko zelanga ozozigqoka ngemuva kokuqokwa. Kufanele futhi wenze amalungiselelo okuba othile akushayele ekhaya, ngoba umbono wakho ungakhubazeka kakhulu ukushayela okuphephile.

Ingabe zikhona izingozi ezivivinyweni?

Ayikho ingozi yokuhlolwa kwe-glaucoma. Ezinye zezivivinyo zingazizwa zingakhululekile. Futhi, ukunwebeka kungafiphaza umbono wakho okwesikhashana.

Isho ukuthini imiphumela?

Udokotela wezifo zamehlo uzobheka imiphumela yakho konke ukuhlolwa kwe-glaucoma ukuthola ukuthi unayo yini i-glaucoma. Uma udokotela enquma ukuthi une-glaucoma, angancoma eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yokwelashwa okulandelayo:

• Umuthi ukwehlisa umfutho wamehlo noma ukwenza iso lenze uketshezi oluncane. Eminye imithi ithathwa njengamaconsi wamehlo; ezinye zisefomini lamaphilisi.
• Ukuhlinzwa ukwakha ukuvuleka okusha koketshezi okushiya iso.
• Ukufakwa kweshubhu lokuhambisa amanzi, olunye uhlobo lokuhlinzwa. Kule nqubo, kufakwa ishubhu lepulasitiki eliguquguqukayo esweni ukusiza ukukhipha uketshezi oluningi.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Laser ukususa uketshezi oluningi esweni. Ukuhlinzwa nge-Laser kuvame ukwenziwa ehhovisi lodokotela wezifo zamehlo noma esikhungweni sokuhlinza abagulayo. Ungadinga ukuqhubeka nokuthatha imithi ye-glaucoma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa nge-laser.

Uma utholakale une-glaucoma, udokotela wezifo zamehlo mhlawumbe uzoqapha umbono wakho njalo.

Ngabe kukhona okunye engidinga ukukwazi mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-glaucoma?

Ngenkathi ukwelashwa kwe-glaucoma kungeke kuselaphe lesi sifo noma kubuyise umbono osuvele ulahlekile, ukwelashwa kungavimbela ukulahleka kombono okwengeziwe. Uma kutholakala futhi kwelashwa kusenesikhathi, abantu abaningi abane-glaucoma ngeke babe nokulahleka okukhulu kombono.

Izinkomba

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Imininingwane ekulesi siza akufanele isetshenziswe esikhundleni sezokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha noma iseluleko. Xhumana nomhlinzeki wezempilo uma unemibuzo ngempilo yakho.