I-Glutamine: Izinzuzo, Ukusetshenziswa Nemiphumela emibi

-Delile

• Yini iGlutamine?
• Itholakala Kokudla okuningi
• Kubalulekile Kuhlelo Lokuzivikela Emzimbeni
• Idlala Indima Empilweni Yamathumbu
• Imiphumela Ekuzuzeni Kwemisipha Nokuzivocavoca Ukusebenza
• Isikali, ukuphepha nemiphumela emibi
• Okusemqoka

I-Glutamine iyi-amino acid ebalulekile enemisebenzi eminingi emzimbeni.

Kuyisakhi samaprotheni nengxenye ebucayi yamasosha omzimba.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-glutamine inendima ekhethekile empilweni yamathumbu.

Umzimba wakho ngokwemvelo ukhiqiza le-amino acid, futhi uyatholakala nasekudleni okuningi. Noma kunjalo, ungaqiniseka ukuthi udinga i-glutamine eyengeziwe kusuka kwizithasiselo zempilo efanelekile.

Lo mbhalo uchaza ukuthi kungani i-glutamine ibalulekile futhi uxoxa ngezinzuzo nokuphepha kwezithasiselo ze-glutamine.

Yini iGlutamine?

I-Glutamine iyi-amino acid. Ama-amino acid angama-molecule adlala izindima eziningi emzimbeni.

Inhloso yabo enkulu ukusebenza njengezakhi zokwakha amaprotheni.

Amaprotheni abalulekile ezithombeni. Ziphinde zisebenze neminye imisebenzi, njengokuhambisa izinto ezisegazini nokulwa namagciwane ayingozi namagciwane (1).

Njengamanye ama-amino acid amaningi, akhona ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukene: i-L-glutamine ne-D-glutamine.

Cishe ziyafana kepha zinokuhleleka okuhlukile okuhlukile kwamangqamuzana ().

Ifomu elitholakala ekudleni nakwizithasiselo yi-L-glutamine. Ezinye izithako zifaka kuhlu njenge-L-glutamine, kepha ezinye zisebenzisa igama elibanzi le-glutamine.

Ngenkathi i-L-glutamine isetshenziselwa ukwenza amaprotheni nokwenza eminye imisebenzi, i-D-glutamine ibonakala ingabalulekile ezintweni eziphilayo (,).

I-L-glutamine ingakhiqizwa ngokwemvelo emzimbeni wakho. Eqinisweni, yi-amino acid egcwele kakhulu egazini nakwezinye iziphuzo zomzimba (,).

Kodwa-ke, kunezikhathi lapho izidingo ze-glutamine zomzimba wakho zikhulu kakhulu kunekhono lokukhiqiza ().

Ngakho-ke, kubhekwa njenge-amino acid enesimo esithile, okusho ukuthi kufanele itholakale ekudleni ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, njengokulimala noma ukugula (8).

Futhi, i-glutamine iyi-molecule ebalulekile yesistimu yomzimba kanye nempilo yamathumbu ().

Isifinyezo I-Glutamine iyi-amino acid ebalulekile. I-L-glutamine yifomu elitholakala kokudla, izithasiselo kanye nomzimba womuntu. Kuyingxenye yamaprotheni emzimbeni wakho futhi ubandakanyeka ekusebenzeni komzimba nasemathunjini.

Itholakala Kokudla okuningi

I-Glutamine itholakala ngokwemvelo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zokudla. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukudla okujwayelekile kuqukethe ama-3 kuye kwayi-6 amagremu ngosuku, kepha lokhu kungahluka ngokuya ngokudla kwakho okuthile (10).

Inani elikhulu kakhulu litholakala kwimikhiqizo yezilwane ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaprotheni.

Kodwa-ke, okunye ukudla okususelwa ezitshalweni kunamaphesenti amakhulu kakhulu kumaprotheni abo.

Ucwaningo olulodwa lusebenzise izindlela ezithuthukile zebhu ukuthola ukuthi i-L-glutamine itholakala kangakanani ekudleni okuhlukahlukene ().

Okulandelayo ngamaphesenti amaprotheni akhiwe nge-L-glutamine ekudleni ngakunye:

• Amaqanda: 4.4% (0.6 g nge-100 g yamaqanda)
• Inkomo: 4.8% (1.2 g nge-100 g yenkomo)
• Ubisi olunamanzi: 8.1% (0.3 g nge-100 g yobisi)
• Tofu: 9.1% (0.6 g nge-100 g ye-tofu)
• Irayisi elimhlophe: 11.1% (0.3 g nge-100 g yelayisi)
• Ukolweni: 16.2% (0.4 g nge-100 g yommbila)

Yize eminye imithombo yezitshalo, enjengelayisi elimhlophe nommbila, inamaphesenti amaningi amaprotheni akhiwe nge-glutamine, anokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni okuphansi ngokuphelele (,,).

Ngakho-ke, inyama neminye imikhiqizo yezilwane kuyizindlela ezilula zokuthola amanani aphezulu ayo.

Ngeshwa, okuqukethwe ngqo kwe-glutamine kokudla okuningi akwenziwanga.

Kodwa-ke, ngoba i-glutamine iyingxenye edingekayo yamaprotheni, cishe noma yikuphi ukudla okuqukethe amaprotheni kuzoba ne-glutamine ethile.

Ukugxila ekutholeni amaprotheni anele ekudleni kwakho konke kuyindlela elula yokwandisa inani le-glutamine oyisebenzisayo.

Isifinyezo

Cishe noma yikuphi ukudla okuqukethe amaprotheni kuzoba ne-glutamine, kepha amanani ayahluka. Ukudla kwezilwane kuyimithombo emihle ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni. Ukuthola amaprotheni anele ekudleni kwakho kungaqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okwanele.

Kubalulekile Kuhlelo Lokuzivikela Emzimbeni

Omunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu ye-glutamine yindima yayo kumasosha omzimba.

Kungumthombo obucayi wamaseli omzimba, kufaka phakathi amaseli amhlophe egazi namaseli athile wamathumbu ().

Kodwa-ke, amazinga alo egazi angancipha ngenxa yokulimala okukhulu, ukusha noma ukuhlinzwa (,).

Uma isidingo somzimba se-glutamine sikhulu kunekhono laso lokukhiqiza, umzimba wakho ungaphula izitolo zamaprotheni, ezinjengemisipha, ukukhipha okuningi kwale-amino acid (17,).

Ngokwengeziwe, ukusebenza kwesistimu yomzimba yokuzivikela kungathikanyezwa lapho inani elanele le-glutamine litholakala (17,).

Ngalezi zizathu, ukudla okunama-protein amaningi, ukudla okunama-glutamine amaningi noma izithasiselo ze-glutamine kuvame ukunikezwa ngemuva kokulimala okukhulu njengokusha (17).

Ucwaningo luye lwabika nokuthi izengezo ze-glutamine zingathuthukisa impilo, zinciphise izifo futhi ziholele ekuhlaleni esibhedlela isikhathi esifushane ngemuva kokuhlinzwa (,).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, baboniswe ukuthi bathuthukisa ukusinda futhi banciphise izindleko zezokwelapha ezigulini ezibucayi (,).

Olunye ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi izengezo ze-glutamine nazo zingathuthukisa ukusebenza kwamasosha omzimba ezilwaneni ezitheleleke ngamagciwane noma ngamagciwane (,).

Kodwa-ke, akukho ukusekelwa okuqinile kwezinzuzo kubantu abadala abaphilile, futhi izidingo zalaba bantu zingahlangatshezwa ngokudla nangomkhiqizo wemvelo womzimba ().

Isifinyezo I-Glutamine idlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni komzimba. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokugula noma sokulimala, umzimba kungenzeka ungakwazi ukukhiqiza okwanele kwawo. Izithako ze-Glutamine zingasiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza komzimba nokugcina izitolo zamaprotheni emzimbeni.

Idlala Indima Empilweni Yamathumbu

Izinzuzo zesistimu yomzimba kaGlutamine zihlobene nendima yayo empilweni yamathumbu.

Emzimbeni womuntu, amathumbu abhekwa njengengxenye enkulu yamasosha omzimba.

Lokhu kungenxa yamaseli amaningi wamathumbu anemisebenzi yokuzivikela, kanye nezigidigidi zamagciwane ahlala emathunjini akho futhi athinta nempilo yakho yomzimba ().

I-Glutamine ingumthombo wamandla obalulekile wamaseli wamathumbu kanye nama-immune (,).

Kuyasiza futhi ukugcina umgoqo ophakathi kwamathumbu akho nawo wonke umzimba wakho, ngaleyo ndlela uvikele emathunjini avuzayo (,).

Lokhu kuvimbela amabhaktheriya noma ubuthi obuyingozi ekuhambeni emathunjini akho kuya emzimbeni wakho wonke).

Ngokwengeziwe, kubalulekile ekukhuleni okujwayelekile nokunakekelwa kwamaseli emathunjini (,).

Ngenxa yendima enkulu yamathumbu kumasosha omzimba, i-glutamine ingazuzisa impilo yakho yonke yokuvikela amasosha ngokuxhasa amaseli emathumbu (,).

Isifinyezo Amathumbu akho ayingxenye enkulu yamasosha akho omzimba. I-Glutamine ingumthombo wamandla wamaseli wamathumbu kanye nama-immune. Kuyasiza futhi ukugcina umgoqo ophakathi kwamathumbu nawo wonke umzimba wakho kanye nezinsiza ngokukhula okufanele kwamaseli emathumbu.

Imiphumela Ekuzuzeni Kwemisipha Nokuzivocavoca Ukusebenza

Ngenxa yendima yayo njengokwakha amaprotheni, abanye abacwaningi bahlole ukuthi ukuthatha i-glutamine njengesengezo kuthuthukisa ukuzuza kwemisipha noma ukusebenza kokuzivocavoca.

Kwesinye isifundo, abantu abangama-31 bathathe i-glutamine noma i-placebo phakathi namasonto ayisithupha wokuqeqeshwa kwesisindo ().

Ekupheleni kocwaningo, womabili amaqembu akhombise ukuthuthuka kwemisipha namandla. Kodwa-ke, bekungekho mehluko phakathi kwala maqembu womabili.

Ucwaningo olwengeziwe luye lwabonisa nokuthi alunamthelela ekukhuleni kwemisipha noma kokusebenza (,).

Kodwa-ke, olunye ucwaningo lubike ukuthi izithasiselo ze-glutamine zinganciphisa ukukhathazeka kwemisipha futhi zenze ngcono ukululama ngemuva kokuzivocavoca okukhulu ().

Eqinisweni, isifundo esisodwa sathola ukuthi i-glutamine noma i-glutamine kanye nama-carbohydrate kungasiza ekwehliseni umaka wegazi wokukhathala phakathi namahora amabili wokugijima ().

Ibuye yasetshenziswa ukuzama ukukhulisa ukusebenza komzimba kwabasubathi, kepha imiphumela iyahluka (,,).

Olunye ucwaningo luthole ukuthi aluzange luthuthukise ukuvuselelwa kwezitolo ze-carbohydrate (glycogen) emisipheni lapho lufakwa kuma-carbohydrate nakuma-amino acid () athile.

Ekugcineni, abukho ubufakazi bokuthi lezi zithasiselo zinikeza izinzuzo zokuzuza kwemisipha noma amandla. Kukhona ukusekelwa okulinganiselwe kweminye imiphumela, kepha kudingeka olunye ucwaningo.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi abagijimi abaningi banamaprotheni amaningi ekudleni kwabo okuvamile, okusho ukuthi bangadla inani elikhulu le-glutamine noma bengekho izithasiselo ().

Isifinyezo Kunokusekelwa okuncane kokusetshenziswa kwezithako ze-glutamine zokuzuza kwemisipha noma ukusebenza kwamandla. Kodwa-ke, banganciphisa ukukhathala noma banciphise ukukhathazeka kwemisipha ngesikhathi nangemva kokuzivocavoca.

Isikali, ukuphepha nemiphumela emibi

Njengoba i-glutamine iyi-amino acid ekhiqizwa ngokwemvelo emzimbeni futhi itholakala ekudleni okuningi, akukho okukhathazayo ngokuthi iyingozi ngobuningi obujwayelekile.

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukudla okujwayelekile kungaqukatha ama-3 kuye kwayi-6 amagremu ngosuku, noma leli nani lingahluka ngokuya ngohlobo nezinhlobo zokudla okudliwayo (10).

Ucwaningo lwezithasiselo ze-glutamine lusebenzise imithamo eyahlukahlukene, esukela cishe kumagremu ama-5 ngosuku kuze kufike kumithamo ephezulu cishe yama-gramu angama-45 ngosuku amasonto ayisithupha ().

Yize kungekho miphumela emibi ebikiwe ngalesi silinganiso esiphezulu, izimpawu zokuphepha kwegazi azihloliswanga ngqo.

Olunye ucwaningo lubike ukukhathazeka okuncane ngokuphepha maqondana nokwengezelwa kwesikhashana okufika ku-14 amagremu ngosuku ().

Kukonke, kukholakala ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwesikhashana kwesithasiselo kungenzeka kuphephile. Kodwa-ke, abanye ososayensi baphakamise ukukhathazeka ngokusetshenziswa kwabo okuqhubekayo ().

Ukungeza i-glutamine ekudleni okuvamile kungadala izinguquko ezahlukahlukene endleleni umzimba omunca futhi usebenze ngayo ama-amino acid. Noma kunjalo, imiphumela yesikhathi eside yalezi zinguquko ayaziwa ().

Ngakho-ke, imininingwane eminingi iyadingeka maqondana nokwengezwa kwesikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi lapho kusetshenziswa imithamo ephezulu.

Kungenzeka ukuthi izengezo ze-glutamine kungenzeka zingabi nemiphumela efanayo uma udla ukudla okusekelwe ezilwaneni, okunamaprotheni amaningi, uma kuqhathaniswa nokudla okususelwa ezitshalweni, okunamaprotheni aphansi.

Uma ulandela ukudla okususelwa ezitshalweni ngokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-glutamine, ungakwazi ukusebenzisa izithako ngenkathi usathola inani elijwayelekile lansuku zonke lakho konke.

Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuthatha isengezo se-glutamine, kungcono kakhulu ukuqala ngomthamo olondolozayo ozungeze amagremu ama-5 ngosuku.

Isifinyezo Ukutholwa kwe-glutamine etholakala ekudleni, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesikhashana kwesithasiselo, kuphephile. Kodwa-ke, izithasiselo ze-glutamine zingathinta ukuthi umzimba wakho uwenza kanjani ama-amino acid. Izifundo ezengeziwe ekusebenziseni kwazo isikhathi eside ziyadingeka.

Okusemqoka

IGlutamine iyi-amino acid etholakala ngezindlela ezimbili: L-glutamine ne-D-glutamine.

I-L-glutamine yifomu elibalulekile, elikhiqizwa ngokwemvelo emzimbeni futhi litholakala ekudleni okuningi. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi indlela ejwayelekile yokudla iqukethe amagremu ama-3 kuye kwayi-6 ngosuku.

Inikeza uphethiloli wamaseli omzimba namathumbu futhi isiza ukugcina ukuxhumana emathunjini kuqinile.

Ngezikhathi lapho umzimba wakho ungakwazi ukukhiqiza inani elifanele, njengesikhathi sokulimala noma ukugula okunzima, ukwengeza ngalo kungaba wusizo empilweni yakho yokuzivikela nokululama.

I-Glutamine nayo isetshenziswa kaningi ukwengeza ezemidlalo, kepha ucwaningo oluningi alusekeli ukusebenza kwalo.

Ukwengeza kubonakala kuphephile esikhathini esifushane, kepha kudingeka olunye ucwaningo ngemiphumela yalo yesikhathi eside.

Ngaphambi kokuthatha isengezo se-glutamine, cabanga ukuthi ngabe isizathu sokusithatha sisekelwa ubufakazi obukhona manje.