Ukuzwa Ukuhlolwa Kwabantu Abadala

-Delile

• Kuyini ukuhlolwa kokuzwa?
• Zisetshenziselwani?
• Kungani ngidinga ukuhlolwa kokuzwa?
• Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuzwa?
• Ngabe kukhona engizodinga ukukwenza ukulungiselela isivivinyo sokuzwa?
• Ingabe zikhona izingozi ekuhlolweni kokuzwa?
• Isho ukuthini imiphumela?
• Ngabe kukhona okunye engidinga ukukwazi mayelana nokuhlolwa kokuzwa?
• Izinkomba

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kokuzwa?

Ukuzwa izivivinyo kukala ukuthi uyakwazi kangakanani ukuzwa. Ukuzwa okujwayelekile kwenzeka lapho amagagasi omsindo engena endlebeni yakho, okwenza indlebe yakho inyakaze. Ukudlidlizela kugudluzela amagagasi endlebeni, lapho kubangela khona ukuthi amangqamuzana ezinzwa athumele imininingwane yomsindo ebuchosheni bakho. Lolu lwazi luhunyushelwa kwimisindo oyizwayo.

Ukuzwa kokuzwa kwenzeka lapho kunenkinga ngengxenye eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yendlebe, izinzwa ngaphakathi kwendlebe, noma ingxenye yobuchopho elawula ukuzwa. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokulahlekelwa kokuzwa:

• Izinzwa (ebizwa nangokuthi isithulu sezinzwa). Lolu hlobo lokulahlekelwa yizindlebe lubangelwa inkinga ngesakhiwo sendlebe kanye / noma ngezinzwa ezilawula ukuzwa. Kungaba khona lapho kuzalwa noma kubonakale sekwephuzile empilweni. Ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwezinzwa kuvame ukuhlala unomphela. Lolu hlobo lokulahleka kokuzwa luhluka kusuka kubumnene (ukungakwazi ukuzwa imisindo ethile) kuya ekujuleni (ukungakwazi ukuzwa noma imiphi imisindo).
• Kuqhuba. Lolu hlobo lokulahlekelwa yizindlebe lubangelwa ukuvinjelwa kokudluliswa kwemisindo kungene endlebeni. Kungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kodwa kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni nasezinganeni ezincane futhi kuvame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka kwezindlebe noma uketshezi ezindlebeni. Ukulahleka kokuzwa okuqhubekayo kuvame ukuba mnene, okwesikhashana, futhi kuyelapheka.
• Kuxubile, inhlanganisela yokulahleka kokuzwa kwezinzwa nezokuziphatha.

Ukuzwa ukulahleka kuvamile kubantu abadala asebekhulile. Cishe okukodwa kokuthathu kwabantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-65 banokuzwa okuthile, imvamisa uhlobo lwezinzwa. Uma kutholakala ukuthi ulahlekelwe ukuzwa, kunezinyathelo ongazithatha ezingasiza ukwelapha noma ukuphatha isimo.

Amanye amagama: i-audiometry, i-audiography, i-audiogram, ukuhlolwa komsindo

Zisetshenziselwani?

Ukuhlolwa kokuzwa kusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuthi unenkinga yokuzwa noma cha futhi, uma kunjalo, kubi kangakanani.

Kungani ngidinga ukuhlolwa kokuzwa?

Ungadinga ukuhlolwa kokuzwa uma unezimpawu zokulahleka kokuzwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Unenkinga yokuqonda okushiwo abanye abantu, ikakhulukazi endaweni enomsindo
• Kudingeka ukucela abantu ukuthi baziphinde
• Unenkinga yokuzwa imisindo ephezulu
• Kudingeka ukukhuphula ivolumu ku-TV noma isidlali somculo
• Umsindo okhalayo ezindlebeni zakho

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuzwa?

Ukuhlolwa kwakho kokuzwa kungenziwa ngumhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo oyinhloko noma olunye lwalezi zinhlobo zabahlinzeki:

• Isazi sokuzwa, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ogxile ekuxilongeni, ekwelapheni nasekuphatheni ukulahleka kokuzwa
• I-otolaryngologist (ENT), udokotela onguchwepheshe ekwelapheni izifo nemibandela yezindlebe, ikhala, nomphimbo.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuhlolwa kokuzwa. Ukuhlolwa okuningi kubheka impendulo yakho kumathoni noma amagama athunyelwe ezindaweni ezahlukene, amavolumu, kanye / noma ezindaweni ezinomsindo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa komsindo. Ukuhlolwa komsindo okujwayelekile kufaka:

Izinyathelo ze-Acoustic Reflex, futhi ebizwa nangokuthi i-middle ear muscle reflex (MEMR), hlola ukuthi indlebe iphendula kahle kanjani emisindweni ephezulu. Ngokuzwa okujwayelekile, umsipha omncane ngaphakathi kwendlebe uyaqina lapho uzwa umsindo omkhulu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-acoustic reflex. Kwenzeka ungazi. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa:

• Isazi sokuzwa noma omunye umhlinzeki uzobeka ithiphu yenjoloba ethambile ngaphakathi kwendlebe.
• Uchungechunge lwemisindo ephezulu luzothunyelwa ngamathiphu bese luqoshwa emshinini.
• Umshini uzokhombisa ukuthi umsindo usebenze nini noma nini.
• Uma ukulahleka kokuzwa kubi, umsindo kungadingeka ukuthi ukhale kakhulu ukudala i-reflex, noma kungahle kungavusi i-reflex nhlobo.

Ukuhlolwa kwethoni ehlanzekile, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-audiometry. Phakathi nalolu vivinyo:

• Uzofaka amahedfoni.
• Uchungechunge lwamathoni luzothunyelwa kumahedfoni wakho.
• Isazi sokuzwa noma omunye umhlinzeki uzoshintsha iphimbo nokuzwakala kwamathoni ezindaweni ezihlukene ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Kwamanye amaphuzu, amathoni kungenzeka angazwakali kangako.
• Umhlinzeki uzokucela ukuthi uphendule noma nini lapho uzwa amathoni. Impendulo yakho kungaba ukuphakamisa isandla sakho noma cindezela inkinobho.
• Isivivinyo sisiza ukuthola imisindo ethule kakhulu ongayizwa ezinkundleni ezahlukene.

Ukuhlolwa kwemfoloko yokushuna. Imfoloko yokuhlenga iyinsimbi enezinsimbi ezimbili eyenza ithoni lapho idlidliza. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa:

• Isazi sokuzwa noma omunye umhlinzeki uzobeka imfoloko yokushuna ngemuva kwendlebe yakho noma ngaphezulu kwekhanda lakho.
• Umhlinzeki uzoshaya imfoloko ukuze yenze ithoni.
• Uzocelwa ukuthi utshele umhlinzeki noma nini lapho uzwa ithoni kumavolumu ahlukene, noma uma uzwe umsindo endlebeni yakho yangakwesobunxele, endlebeni yangakwesokudla, noma kokubili ngokulinganayo.
• Ngokuya ngokuthi imfoloko ibekwe kuphi nokuthi uphendula kanjani, isivivinyo singakhombisa ukuthi ngabe kukhona ukulahleka kokuzwa endlebeni eyodwa noma zombili. Ingakhombisa futhi ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokulahlekelwa kokuzwa onalo (okwenziwe ngokuziphatha noma kwe-sensorineural).

Ukuhlolwa kwenkulumo nokuqashelwa kwamagama ingakhombisa ukuthi ungaluzwa kahle kangakanani ulimi olukhulunywayo. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa:

• Uzofaka amahedfoni.
• Isazi sokulalelwayo sizokhuluma nawe ngama-headphone akho, bese sikucela ukuthi uphinda uchungechunge lwamagama alula, akhulunywa ngamanani ahlukile.
• Umhlinzeki uzoqopha inkulumo ethambile ongayizwa.
• Olunye uvivinyo lungenziwa endaweni enomsindo, ngoba abantu abaningi abanokulahlekelwa ukuzwa banenkinga yokuqonda ukukhuluma ezindaweni ezinomsindo.

Olunye uhlobo lohlolo, olubizwa nge-tympanometry, luhlola ukuthi indlebe yakho ihamba kanjani.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-tympanometry:

• Isazi sokuzwa noma omunye umhlinzeki uzobeka into encane ngaphakathi komsele wendlebe.
• Umshini uzosunduza umoya ungene endlebeni, kwenze indlebe iye emuva naphambili.
• Umshini uqopha ukunyakaza emagrafu okubizwa ngokuthi ama-tympanograms.
• Ukuhlolwa kusiza ukuthola ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukutheleleka endlebeni noma ezinye izinkinga ezinjengoketshezi noma i-wax buildup, noma imbobo noma ukudabuka ku-eardrum.

Ngabe kukhona engizodinga ukukwenza ukulungiselela isivivinyo sokuzwa?

Awudingi noma yimaphi amalungiselelo akhethekile esivivinyo sokuzwa.

Ingabe zikhona izingozi ekuhlolweni kokuzwa?

Ayikho ingozi yokuhlolwa kokuzwa.

Isho ukuthini imiphumela?

Imiphumela yakho ingakhombisa ukuthi ulahlekelwe yini ukuzwa, nokuthi ukulahleka kokuzwa kungokwezinzwa noma kuqhuba kahle yini.

Uma kutholakala ukuthi ulahlekelwe ukuzwa kwezinzwa, imiphumela yakho ingakhombisa ukuthi ukulahleka kokuzwa yile:

• Maphakathi: ungezwa imisindo ethile, njengamathoni aphezulu kakhulu noma aphansi kakhulu.
• Maphakathi: ungezwa imisindo eminingi, njengokukhuluma endaweni enomsindo.
• Kunzima: ungezwa imisindo eminingi.
• Okujulile: ungezwa noma imiphi imisindo.

Ukwelashwa nokuphathwa kokulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwezinzwa kuzoncika ekutheni kubucayi kangakanani.

Uma kutholakala ukuthi unenkinga yokuzwa, umhlinzeki wakho angancoma umuthi noma ukuhlinzwa, kuya ngesizathu sokulahleka.

Uma unemibuzo mayelana nemiphumela, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Ngabe kukhona okunye engidinga ukukwazi mayelana nokuhlolwa kokuzwa?

Ngisho nokulahleka kokuzwa okuncane kungenza kube nzima ukuqonda inkulumo ejwayelekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, abantu abadala asebekhulile bazogwema izimo zomphakathi, eziholele ekuhlukanisweni nasekucindezelekeni. Ukwelapha ukulahleka kokuzwa kungasiza ukuvimbela lezi zinkinga. Ngenkathi ukulahleka kokuzwa kubantu asebekhulile kuvame ukuhlala unomphela, kunezindlela zokuphatha lesi simo. Izinketho zokwelashwa zifaka:

• Izinsiza-kuzwa. Insiza yokuzwa yinsimbi egqokwa ngemuva noma ngaphakathi endlebeni. Insiza yokuzwa ikhulisa (yenza umsindo). Ezinye izinsiza-kuzwa zinemisebenzi esezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu. I-audiologist yakho ingancoma inketho engcono kakhulu kuwe.
• Ukufakwa kwe-Cochlear. Le yithuluzi elifakwe ngokuhlinzwa endlebeni. Imvamisa isetshenziswa kubantu abanokulahlekelwa okukhulu kokuzwa futhi abangatholi nzuzo enkulu ngokusebenzisa insiza yokuzwa. Izimila ze-Cochlear zithumela umsindo ngqo kunzwa yokuzwa.
• Ukuhlinzwa. Ezinye izinhlobo zokulahlekelwa ukuzwa zingelashwa ngokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinkinga nge-eardrum noma emathanjeni amancane ngaphakathi kwendlebe.

Izinkomba

1. I-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) [i-Intanethi]. I-Rockville (MD): I-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association; c1997–2019. Ukuzwa Ukuhlolwa; [kucashunwe ngo-2019 Mashi 30]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.asha.org/public/hearing/Hearing-Screening
2. I-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) [i-Intanethi]. I-Rockville (MD): I-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association; c1997–2019. Ukuhlolwa Kwethoni Elicwengekile; [kucashunwe ngo-2019 Mashi 30]; [cishe izikrini ezi-4]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.asha.org/public/hearing/Pure-Tone-Testing
3. I-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) [i-Intanethi]. I-Rockville (MD): I-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association; c1997–2019. Ukuhlolwa Kwenkulumo; [kucashunwe ngo-2019 Mashi 30]; [cishe izikrini ezi-4]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.asha.org/public/hearing/Speech-Testing
4. I-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) [i-Intanethi]. I-Rockville (MD): I-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association; c1997–2019. Ukuhlolwa Kwendlebe Ephakathi; [kucashunwe ngo-2019 Mashi 30]; [cishe izikrini ezi-4]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.asha.org/public/hearing/Tests-of-the-Middle-Ear
5. AmaCary Audiology Associates [Inthanethi]. I-Cary (NC): I-Audiology Design; c2019. Ama-FAQ ama-3 Mayelana Nezivivinyo Zokuzwa; [kucashunwe ngo-2019 Marr 30]; [cishe izikrini ezi-4]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://caryaudiology.com/blog/3-faqs-about-hearing-tests
6. I-HLAA: I-Hearing Loss Association of America [i-Intanethi]. I-Bethesda (MD): I-Hearing Loss Association of America; Izisekelo Zokuzwa Ukulahlekelwa: Ngingasho Kanjani Uma Nginokulahlekelwa Ukuzwa ?; [kucashunwe ngo-2020 Jul 25]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.hearingloss.org/hearing-help/hearing-loss-basics
7. IMayfield Brain ne-Spine [i-Intanethi]. ICincinnati: IMayfield Ubuchopho kanye noMgogodla; c2008–2019. Ukuzwa (audiometry) test; [kubuyekezwe ngo-2018 Ephreli; icashunwe ngo-2019 Mar 30]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://mayfieldclinic.com/pe-hearing.htm
8. IMayo Clinic [Inthanethi]. IMayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; c1998–2019. Ukuzwa Ukulahlekelwa: Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa; 2019 Mar 16 [icashunwe 2019 Mar 30]; [cishe izikrini ezi-4]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hearing-loss/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373077
9. IMayo Clinic [Inthanethi]. IMayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; c1998–2019. Ukuzwa Ukulahlekelwa: Izimpawu nezimbangela; 2019 Mar 16 [icashunwe 2019 Mar 30]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hearing-loss/symptoms-causes/syc-20373072
10. Uhlobo Lokuthengwa Kwamakhasimende we-Merck [Internet]. IKenilworth (NJ): IMerck & Co Inc .; c2019. Ukuzwa Ukulahlekelwa; [kucashunwe ngo-2019 Mashi 30]; [cishe izikrini ezi-2]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/hearing-loss-and-deafness/hearing-loss?query=hearing%20loss
11. Impilo ye-UF: University of Florida Health [Internet]. IGainesville (FL): Inyuvesi yaseFlorida Impilo; c2019. I-audiometry: Ukubuka konke; [kuvuselelwe i-2019 Mar 30; icashunwe ngo-2019 Mar 30]; [cishe izikrini ezi-2]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://ufhealth.org/audiometry
12. Impilo ye-UF: University of Florida Health [Internet]. IGainesville (FL): Inyuvesi yaseFlorida Impilo; c2019. I-Tympanometry: Ukubuka konke; [kuvuselelwe i-2019 Mar 30; icashunwe ngo-2019 Mar 30]; [cishe izikrini ezi-2]. Kutholakala ku: https://ufhealth.org/tympanometry
13. I-University of Rochester Medical Center [i-Inthanethi]. URochester (NY): Isikhungo Sezokwelapha sase-University of Rochester; c2019. I-Health Encyclopedia: Ukulahlekelwa Ukuzwa Okuhlobene Neminyaka (Presbycusis); [kucashunwe ngo-2019 Mashi 30]; [cishe izikrini ezi-2]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=85&ContentID=P00463
14. I-UW Health [Inthanethi]. UMadison (WI): Izibhedlela zase-University of Wisconsin kanye neGunya Lemitholampilo; c2019. Imininingwane Yezempilo: Ukuhlolwa Kokuzwa: Kwenziwa Kanjani; [kubuyekezwe i-2018 Mar 28; icashunwe ngo-2019 Mar 30]; [cishe izikrini ezi-5]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/hearing-tests/tv8475.html#tv8479
15. I-UW Health [Inthanethi]. UMadison (WI): Izibhedlela zase-University of Wisconsin kanye neGunya Lemitholampilo; c2019. Imininingwane Yezempilo: Ukuhlolwa Kokuzwa: Imiphumela; [kubuyekezwe i-2018 Mar 28; icashunwe ngo-2019 Mar 30]; [cishe izikrini eziyi-8]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/hearing-tests/tv8475.html#tv8482
16. I-UW Health [Inthanethi]. UMadison (WI): Izibhedlela zase-University of Wisconsin kanye neGunya Lemitholampilo; c2019. Imininingwane Yezempilo: Ukuhlolwa Kokuzwa: Izingozi; [kubuyekezwe i-2018 Mar 28; icashunwe ngo-2019 Mar 30]; [cishe izikrini eziyi-7]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/hearing-tests/tv8475.html#tv8481
17. I-UW Health [Inthanethi]. UMadison (WI): Izibhedlela zase-University of Wisconsin kanye neGunya Lemitholampilo; c2019. Imininingwane Yezempilo: Ukuhlolwa Kokuzwa: Ukubuka konke kokuhlolwa; [kubuyekezwe i-2018 Mar 28; icashunwe ngo-2019 Mar 30]; [cishe izikrini ezi-2]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/hearing-tests/tv8475.html
18. I-UW Health [Inthanethi]. UMadison (WI): Izibhedlela zase-University of Wisconsin kanye neGunya Lemitholampilo; c2019. Imininingwane Yezempilo: Ukuhlolwa Kokuzwa: Kungani Kwenziwa; [kubuyekezwe i-2018 Mar 28; icashunwe ngo-2019 Mar 30]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/hearing-tests/tv8475.html#tv8477
19. I-Walling AD, uDickson GM. Ukuzwa Ukulahlekelwa Kwabantu Abadala Abadala. Ngingudokotela We-Fam [Inthanethi]. 2012 Jun 15 [icashunwe ngo-2019 Mar 30]; 85 (12): 1150–1156. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/0615/p1150.html

Imininingwane ekulesi siza akufanele isetshenziswe esikhundleni sezokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha noma iseluleko. Xhumana nomhlinzeki wezempilo uma unemibuzo ngempilo yakho.