Imithi ye-HIV / AIDS

-Delile

• Isifinyezo
• Yini i-HIV / AIDS?
• Yini i-antiretroviral therapy (ART)?
• Isebenza kanjani imithi ye-HIV / AIDS?
• Yiziphi izinhlobo zemithi ye-HIV / AIDS?
• Ngidinga nini ukuqala ukuthatha imishanguzo ye-HIV / AIDS?
• Yini enye engidinga ukuyazi ngokuthatha imithi ye-HIV / AIDS?
• Yini imithi ye-HIV PrEP ne-PEP?

Isifinyezo

Yini i-HIV / AIDS?

Igciwane lesandulela ngculaza limelela igciwane lengculazi emzimbeni. Kulimaza amasosha akho omzimba ngokucekela phansi amaseli e-CD4. Lezi wuhlobo lwamaseli amhlophe egazi alwa nokutheleleka. Ukulahleka kwalawa maseli kwenza kube nzima emzimbeni wakho ukulwa nezifo kanye nomdlavuza othile ohlobene ne-HIV.

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, igciwane lesandulela ngculaza lingabhubhisa kancane kancane amasosha omzimba futhi lidlulele kwi-AIDS. Ingculaza imele isifo esitholwa ngumzimba sokungasebenzi kahle komzimba.Kuyisigaba sokugcina sokutheleleka nge-HIV. Akuwona wonke umuntu one-HIV oba nengculaza.

Yini i-antiretroviral therapy (ART)?

Ukwelashwa kwe-HIV / AIDS ngemithi kubizwa ngokuthi i-antiretroviral therapy (ART). Kunconyelwa wonke umuntu one-HIV. Imithi ayikwelaphi ukutheleleka nge-HIV, kodwa iyayenza ibe yisimo esingalapheki esilawulekayo. Zinciphisa nengozi yokusabalalisa igciwane kwabanye.

Isebenza kanjani imithi ye-HIV / AIDS?

Imithi ye-HIV / AIDS yehlisa inani le-HIV (inani legciwane egazini) emzimbeni wakho, okusiza ngo

• Ukunikeza amasosha omzimba wakho ithuba lokululama. Noma lisekhona igciwane lesandulela ngculaza emzimbeni wakho, amasosha omzimba wakho kufanele aqine ngokwanele ukulwa nezifo kanye nomdlavuza othile ohlobene ne-HIV.
• Ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuthi uzosabalalisa i-HIV kwabanye

Yiziphi izinhlobo zemithi ye-HIV / AIDS?

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemithi ye-HIV / AIDS. Abanye basebenza ngokuvimba noma ngokushintsha ama-enzyme okudingeka ukuthi i-HIV izenzele amakhophi ayo. Lokhu kuvimbela i-HIV ekuzikopisheni, okunciphisa inani le-HIV emzimbeni. Imithi eminingi yenza lokhu:

• I-Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (ama-NRTIs) vimba i-enzyme ebizwa nge-reverse transcriptase
• Ama-non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (ama-NNRTIs) bopha futhi kamuva ushintshe i-reverse transcriptase
• I-Integrase inhibitors vimba i-enzyme ebizwa nge-integrase
• Ama-Protease inhibitors (ama-PIs) vimba i-enzyme ebizwa nge-protease

Eminye imithi ye-HIV / AIDS iphazamisa ikhono le-HIV lokuthelela amaseli omzimba we-CD4:

• I-Fusion inhibitors vimbela i-HIV ukuthi ingene kumaseli
• Abaphikisi beCCR5 kanye nama-inhibitors wokunamathisela okuthunyelwe vimba ama-molecule ahlukene kumaseli e-CD4. Ukuthelela iseli, i-HIV kufanele ibophele ezinhlotsheni ezimbili zama-molecule ebusweni beseli. Ukuvimba noma iyiphi yalezi zingqamuzana kuvimbela i-HIV ukuthi ingene kumaseli.
• Okunamathiselwe okuvimbela hlanganisa neprotheyini ethile engxenyeni engaphandle ye-HIV. Lokhu kuvimbela i-HIV ukuthi ingene esitokisini.

Kwezinye izimo, abantu bathatha imithi engaphezu kweyodwa:

• Izithuthukisi ze-Pharmacokinetic kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwemithi ethile ye-HIV / AIDS. Isithuthukisi se-pharmacokinetic sinciphisa ukonakala komunye umuthi. Lokhu kuvumela lowo muthi ukuthi uhlale isikhathi eside emzimbeni endaweni ephakeme kakhulu.
• Izinhlanganisela zemultidrug faka inhlanganisela yemithi emibili noma ngaphezulu eyehlukene ye-HIV / AIDS

Ngidinga nini ukuqala ukuthatha imishanguzo ye-HIV / AIDS?

Kubalulekile ukuqala ukuthatha imishanguzo ye-HIV / AIDS ngokushesha okukhulu ngemuva kokuxilongwa, ikakhulukazi uma

• Bakhulelwe
• Unengculazi
• Iba nezifo ezithile nezifo ezihlobene ne-HIV
• Yiba nokutheleleka nge-HIV kusenesikhathi (izinyanga eziyisithupha zokuqala emva kokutheleleka nge-HIV)

Yini enye engidinga ukuyazi ngokuthatha imithi ye-HIV / AIDS?

Kubalulekile ukuthatha imithi yakho nsuku zonke, ngokwemiyalo evela kumhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Uma uphuthelwa imithamo noma ungalandeli uhlelo olujwayelekile, ukwelashwa kwakho kungahle kungasebenzi, futhi igciwane lesandulela ngculaza lingamelana nemithi.

Imithi ye-HIV ingadala imiphumela emibi. Iningi lale miphumela engemibi iyalawuleka, kepha embalwa ingabucayi. Tshela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo nganoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi onayo. Ungayeki ukuthatha umuthi wakho ngaphandle kokuqala ukhulume nomhlinzeki wakho. Angakunika amathiphu okuthi ungabhekana kanjani nemiphumela emibi. Kwezinye izimo, umhlinzeki wakho anganquma ukushintsha imithi yakho.

Yini imithi ye-HIV PrEP ne-PEP?

Imithi ye-HIV ayisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kuphela. Abanye abantu bayabathatha ukuvikela i-HIV. I-PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) eyabantu abangenayo i-HIV kodwa abasengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuyithola. I-PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) eyabantu okungenzeka bavezwe i-HIV.

NIH: IHhovisi Lezocwaningo Ngengculazi