Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani iCoronavirus ezindaweni ezahlukene?

-Delile

• Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani i-coronavirus ezindaweni ezingaphezulu?
• Ipulasitiki
• Insimbi
• Insimbi engagqwali
• Ithusi
• Iphepha
• Ingilazi
• Amakhadibhodi
• Izinkuni
• Ingabe ukushisa nomswakama kungathinta i-coronavirus?
• Kuthiwani ngezingubo, izicathulo, naphansi?
• Kuthiwani ngokudla namanzi?
• Ngabe i-coronavirus ingaphila ngokudla?
• Ngabe i-coronavirus ingahlala emanzini?
• Ngabe i-coronavirus isasebenza uma isiphezulu?
• Ungazihlanza kanjani izindawo
• Yini okufanele uyihlanze?
• Yimiphi imikhiqizo engcono kakhulu ongayisebenzisela ukuhlanza?
• Okubalulekile

Ngasekupheleni kuka-2019, i-coronavirus entsha yaqala ukusakazeka kubantu. Leli gciwane, elibizwa nge-SARS-CoV-2, lidala ukugula okwaziwa nge-COVID-19.

I-SARS-CoV-2 ingasakazeka kalula isuka kumuntu iye komunye. Lokhu ikwenza ikakhulukazi ngamaconsi okuphefumula akhiqizwa lapho umuntu onegciwane ekhuluma, ekhwehlela, noma ethimula eduze kwakho bese amaconsi ewela kuwe.

Kungenzeka ukuthi ungathola i-SARS-CoV2 uma uthinta umlomo, ikhala, noma amehlo ngemuva kokuthinta ubuso noma into enegciwane kuyo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akucatshangwa ukuthi kuyindlela eyinhloko igciwane elisakazeka ngayo.

Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani i-coronavirus ezindaweni ezingaphezulu?

Ucwaningo lusaqhubeka ezicini eziningi ze-SARS-CoV-2, kufaka phakathi ukuthi ingaphila isikhathi esingakanani ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Kuze kube manje, sekushicilelwe izifundo ezimbili ngalesi sihloko. Sizoxoxa ngokutholwe kwabo ngezansi.

Ucwaningo lokuqala lushicilelwe kwiNew England Journal of Medicine (NEJM). Kulolu cwaningo, inani elijwayelekile legciwane le-aerosolized lisetshenzisiwe ezindaweni ezahlukene.

Lokhu kushicilelwe kwiThe Lancet. Kulolu cwaningo, ithonsi eliqukethe inani elibekiwe legciwane labekwa ngaphezulu.

Kuzo zombili izifundo, izindawo lapho kwakusetshenziswe khona leli gciwane zazifudunyezwa ekamelweni lokushisa. Amasampula aqoqwa ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, ezazisetshenziselwa ukubala inani legciwane elisebenzayo.

Khumbula: Yize i-SARS-CoV-2 ingatholakala kulezi zindawo isikhathi esithile, ukusebenza kwegciwane, ngenxa yezemvelo nezinye izimo, akwaziwa.

Ipulasitiki

Izinto eziningi esizisebenzisa nsuku zonke zenziwe ngepulasitiki. Ezinye izibonelo zifaka, kepha azikhawulelwe ku:

• ukupakisha kokudla
• amabhodlela amanzi nezitsha zobisi
• amakhadi esikweletu
• izilawuli kude nezilawuli zegeyimu yevidiyo
• ukushintshwa kokukhanya
• amakhibhodi wekhompyutha negundane
• Izinkinobho ze-ATM
• amathoyizi

I-athikili ye-NEJM ithole igciwane kupulasitiki kuze kube yizinsuku ezi-3. Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi ocwaningweni lweLancet bathole ukuthi bangathola igciwane kupulasitiki isikhathi eside - kuze kube yizinsuku eziyi-7.

Insimbi

Insimbi isetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto esizisebenzisa nsuku zonke. Ezinye izinsimbi ezivame kakhulu zifaka insimbi engagqwali nethusi. Izibonelo zifaka:

Insimbi engagqwali

• izibambo zeminyango
• iziqandisi
• izinsimbi zokubopha zensimbi
• okhiye
• ukusika
• amabhodwe namapani
• imishini yezimboni

Ithusi

• izinhlamvu zemali
• izinto zokupheka
• ubucwebe
• izintambo zikagesi

Ngenkathi i-athikili ye-NEJM ithole ukuthi alikho igciwane elisebenzayo elingatholwa engagqwali ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-3, abacwaningi be-Lancet athikili bathole igciwane elingenzeka ezingxenyeni zensimbi engagqwali kuze kube yizinsuku eziyi-7.

Abaphenyi ku-athikili ye-NEJM baphinde bahlola ukuzinza kwamagciwane ezindaweni zethusi. Leli gciwane belingazinzi kangako ethusi, kungekho gciwane elisebenzisekayo elitholwe ngemuva kwamahora ama-4 kuphela.

Iphepha

Ezinye izibonelo zemikhiqizo ejwayelekile yamaphepha zifaka:

• imali yamaphepha
• izincwadi nezinto zokubhala
• omagazini namaphephandaba
• izicubu
• amathawula wephepha
• iphepha langasese

Ucwaningo lweLancet luthole ukuthi alikho igciwane eliphilayo elingatholakala ephepheni lokuphrinta noma ephepheni lezicubu ngemuva kwamahora ama-3. Kodwa-ke, igciwane lingahle litholakale emalini yamaphepha kuze kube yizinsuku ezi-4.

Ingilazi

Ezinye izibonelo zezinto zengilazi esizithinta nsuku zonke zifaka:

• amawindi
• izibuko
• okuphuzwayo
• izikrini zama-TV, amakhompyutha, nama-smartphone

Indatshana yeLancet ithole ukuthi alikho igciwane elingatholwa ezingilazini ngemuva kwezinsuku ezine.

Amakhadibhodi

Amanye amakhadibhodi ongahlangana nawo afaka izinto ezifana nokupakisha kokudla namabhokisi okuthumela.

Ucwaningo lwe-NEJM luthole ukuthi alikho igciwane eliphilayo elingatholwa ekhadibhodini ngemuva kwamahora angama-24.

Izinkuni

Izinto ezenziwe ngokhuni esizithola emakhaya ethu zivame ukuba yizinto ezinjengezithebhulethi, ifenisha kanye nokubeka amashalofu.

Abaphenyi ku-athikili ye-Lancet bathole ukuthi igciwane elisebenzayo elivela ezingxenyeni zokhuni alitholakalanga ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili.

Ingabe ukushisa nomswakama kungathinta i-coronavirus?

Amagciwane angathinteka nakanjani ngezinto ezinjengezinga lokushisa nomswakama. Ngokusho kweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), phila isikhathi esifushane emazingeni okushisa aphezulu nasemazingeni omswakama.

Isibonelo, kokunye ukubukwa okuvela kundatshana yeLancet, i-SARS-CoV-2 yahlala izinzile kakhulu lapho ifakwe ku-4 ° C Celsius (cishe ngo-39 ° F).

Kodwa-ke, ibingasebenzi ngokushesha lapho ifukanyiselwa ku-70 ° C (158 ° F).

Kuthiwani ngezingubo, izicathulo, naphansi?

Ukusimama kwe-SARS-CoV-2 ngendwangu nakho kwahlolwa kulokhu okushiwo ngaphambili. Kutholakale ukuthi igciwane elisebenzisekayo alitholakalanga endwangwini ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili.

Ngokuvamile, mhlawumbe akudingekile ukuthi uwashe izingubo zakho njalo uma uphuma. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlulekile ukugcina ibanga elifanele lomzimba kusuka kwabanye, noma uma othile ekhwehlele noma ethimula eduze kwakho, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuwasha izingubo zakho.

Ucwaningo lwezifo Ezithathelwanayo Eziqhamukayo luhlolisise ukuthi yiziphi izindawo ezibonakala zikhona esibhedlela nge-SARS-CoV-2. Kutholakale inani eliphezulu lezinto ezinhle ezivela kumasampula aphansi. Ingxenye yamasampula ezicathulweni zabasebenzi base-ICU nayo ihlolwe ukuthi inalo.

Akukaziwa ukuthi iSARS-CoV-2 ingaphila isikhathi esingakanani phansi nasesicathulweni. Uma ukhathazekile ngalokhu, cabanga ukususa izicathulo zakho emnyango wangaphambili ngokushesha nje lapho ufika ekhaya. Futhi ungasula amathe wezicathulo zakho ngesula sokubulala amagciwane ngemuva kokuphuma.

Kuthiwani ngokudla namanzi?

Ngabe i-coronavirus entsha ingasinda ekudleni kwethu noma emanzini okuphuza? Ake sibhekisise lesi sihloko.

Ngabe i-coronavirus ingaphila ngokudla?

I-CDC iphawula ukuthi ama-coronaviruses, njengeqembu lamagciwane, ngokuvamile kwimikhiqizo yokudla nasemaphaketheni. Kodwa-ke, bayavuma ukuthi kusamele uqaphele ngenkathi uphatha ukupakisha kokudla okungangcoliswa.

Ngokwe-Food and Drug Administration (FDA), njengamanje kukhona ukuthi ukudla noma ukupakisha kokudla kuhlotshaniswa nokudluliswa kwe-SARS-CoV-2. Bayabona futhi ukuthi kusabalulekile ukulandela izindlela ezifanele zokuphepha kokudla.

Kuhlala kungumthetho omuhle wesithupha ukugeza izithelo nemifino emisha kahle ngamanzi ahlanzekile, ikakhulukazi uma uhlela ukuzidla ziluhlaza. Ungase futhi ufune ukusebenzisa ama-wipe wokuqeda amagciwane ezintweni zepulasitiki noma zokufaka ingilazi zokudla okuthengile.

Kubalulekile ukugeza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi afudumele ezimweni ezihlobene nokudla. Lokhu kufaka:

• ngemuva kokuphatha nokugcina ukudla
• ngaphambi nangemva kokulungisa ukudla
• ngaphambi kokudla

Ngabe i-coronavirus ingahlala emanzini?

Akukaziwa kahle ukuthi iSARS-CoV-2 ingaphila isikhathi esingakanani emanzini. Kodwa-ke, uphenye ngokusinda kwe-coronavirus yomuntu ejwayelekile emanzini ampompi ahlungiwe.

Lolu cwaningo luthole ukuthi amazinga e-coronavirus ehle ngamaphesenti angama-99.9 ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyishumi emanzini okumpompi okushisa ekamelweni. I-coronavirus eyahlolwa yayizinze kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphansi wamanzi futhi yayingazinzile kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

Ngabe lokho kusho ukuthini ngamanzi okuphuza? Khumbula ukuthi izinhlelo zethu zamanzi zelapha amanzi ethu okuphuza ngaphambi kokuba siwaphuze, okufanele engasebenzi igciwane. Ngokwe-CDC, uSARS-CoV-2 emanzini okuphuza.

Ngabe i-coronavirus isasebenza uma isiphezulu?

Ukuthi iSARS-CoV-2 ikhona ebusweni akusho ukuthi uzoyithola. Kepha kungani lokhu kunjalo?

Amagciwane embozwe njenge-coronaviruses azwela kakhulu ezimweni zemvelo futhi angalahlekelwa ngokushesha ukuzinza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokho kusho ukuthi izinhlayiya zegciwane eziningi ngokwengeziwe ebusweni ngeke zisasebenza njengoba isikhathi sihamba.

Isibonelo, ocwaningweni lokuqina lwe-NEJM, kutholakale igciwane elisebenzayo kwinsimbi engagqwali izinsuku ezifika kwezintathu. Kodwa-ke, inani langempela legciwane (titer) kutholakale ukuthi lehle kakhulu ngemuva kwamahora angama-48 kule ndawo.

Kodwa-ke, ungalahli ukuqapha kwakho okwamanje. Inani le-SARS-CoV-2 elidingekayo ukusungula ukutheleleka yilona. Ngenxa yalokhu, kusabalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ngezinto ezingaba nobuthi noma izindawo.

Ungazihlanza kanjani izindawo

Ngenxa yokuthi i-SARS-CoV-2 ingaphila ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene amahora amaningana kuze kube yizinsuku ezimbalwa, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuhlanza izindawo nezinto ezingase zithinte igciwane.

Ngakho-ke ungazihlanza kanjani ngempumelelo izindawo ezisendlini yakho? Landela amathiphu angezansi.

Yini okufanele uyihlanze?

Gxila kuzindawo zokuthinta okuphezulu. Lezi yizinto wena noma abanye abasendlini yakho enizithinta kaningi phakathi nemisebenzi yenu yansuku zonke. Ezinye izibonelo zifaka:

• izivalo zeminyango
• uphatha izinto zikagesi, njengehhavini nefriji
• ukushintshwa kokukhanya
• ompompi nosinki
• izindlu zangasese
• amatafula namadeski
• ama-countertops
• izitebhisi zezitebhisi
• amakhibhodi wekhompyutha negundane lekhompyutha
• i-electronics ephathekayo, njengamafoni, amathebulethi, kanye nabalawuli begeyimu yevidiyo

Hlanza ezinye izindawo, izinto, nezingubo njengoba kudingeka noma uma usola ukuthi zingcolisiwe.

Uma kungenzeka, zama ukugqoka amagilavu ​​alahlwayo ngenkathi uhlanza. Qiniseka ukuthi ubalahla ngokushesha uma usuqedile.

Uma ungenawo amagilavu, vele uqiniseke ukuthi ugeza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi afudumele uma usuqedile ukuhlanza.

Yimiphi imikhiqizo engcono kakhulu ongayisebenzisela ukuhlanza?

Ngokuya ngeCDC, ungasebenzisa ukuhlanza izindawo ezisendlini. Landela izinkomba kwilebula bese usebenzisa kuphela le mikhiqizo ezindaweni ezilungele zona.

Izixazululo ze-bleach yasendlini nayo ingasetshenziswa lapho kufanele. Ukuxuba isisombululo sakho se-bleach, i-CDC isebenzisa noma:

• 1/3 indebe ye-bleach ngelitha ngalinye lamanzi
• 4 amathisipuni we-bleach ilitha ngalinye lamanzi

Sebenzisa ukunakekelwa ngenkathi uhlanza izinto zikagesi. Uma imiyalo yomkhiqizi ingatholakali, sebenzisa ukusula okususelwa kotshwala noma isifutho se-ethanol esingamaphesenti angama-70 ukuhlanza izinto zikagesi. Qiniseka ukuthi uzomisa kahle ukuze uketshezi lunganqwabeli ngaphakathi kwedivayisi.

Lapho uhlanza izingubo, ungasebenzisa isepha yakho ejwayelekile. Zama ukusebenzisa isilungiselelo samanzi afudumele afanele uhlobo lwezingubo oziwashayo. Vumela izingubo ezigeziwe ukuthi zome ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuzishiya.

Okubalulekile

Kwenziwe izifundo ezimbalwa zokuthi i-coronavirus entsha, eyaziwa nge-SARS-CoV-2, ingahlala isikhathi esingakanani ezindaweni ezingaphezulu komhlaba. Leli gciwane liphikelela kakhulu kunawo wonke amapulasitiki nensimbi engagqwali. Akuzinzile kangako endwangwini, ephepheni nasemakhadibhodini.

Asazi okwamanje ukuthi igciwane lingaphila isikhathi esingakanani ekudleni nasemanzini. Kodwa-ke, awekho amacala abhaliwe we-COVID-19 ahlobene nokudla, ukupakisha kokudla, noma amanzi okuphuza.

Noma i-SARS-CoV-2 ingavulwa ukusebenza emahoreni kuya ezinsukwini, umthamo oqondile ongaholela ekuthelelekeni namanje awukaziwa. Kusabalulekile ukugcina inhlanzeko efanelekile yezandla nokuhlanza ngokufanele ukuthinta okuphezulu noma okungahle kungcoliswe izindlu.