Ungalinikela Kangaki Igazi?

-Delile

• Unganikela kangaki ngegazi?
• Isifinyezo
• Ingabe eminye imithi ingaba nomthelela kangaki lapho unganikela khona ngegazi?
• Ngabe ukhona onganikela?
• Yini ongayenza ukulungiselela umnikelo wegazi?
• Hlanganisa amanzi
• Yidla kahle
• Yini ongayilindela uma unikela ngegazi
• Isikhathi sesikhathi sezinye izinhlobo zeminikelo yegazi
• Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukugcwalisa igazi olinikele?
• Okubalulekile

Ukonga impilo kungaba lula njengokunikela ngegazi. Kuyindlela elula, engenabugovu, futhi engenabuhlungu kakhulu yokusiza umphakathi wakho noma izisulu zenhlekelele kwenye indawo kude nasekhaya.

Ukuba ngumnikeli wegazi kungakusiza nakuwe. NgokweMental Health Foundation, ngokusiza abanye, ukunikela ngegazi kungazuzisa impilo yakho yomzimba nengokomzwelo.

Umbuzo owodwa ovela kaningi uthi, unganikela kangaki ngegazi? Unganikela ngegazi uma ungazizwa kahle noma uma unemithi ethile? Funda ukuze uthole izimpendulo zaleyo mibuzo nokuningi.

Unganikela kangaki ngegazi?

Kunezinhlobo ezine zeminikelo yegazi, kanti ngayinye inemithetho yayo yabaxhasi.

Izinhlobo zeminikelo yilezi:

• igazi lonke, okuluhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomnikelo wegazi
• i-plasma
• amaplatelets
• amaseli abomvu egazi, abizwa nangokuthi umnikelo weseli elibomvu ophindwe kabili

Igazi eliphelele liwumnikelo olula futhi osebenziseka kakhulu. Igazi eliphelele linamaseli abomvu, amangqamuzana amhlophe, nama-platelets konke kumiswe kuketshezi olubizwa nge-plasma. Ngokwe-American Red Cross, abantu abaningi banganikela ngegazi eliphelele njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-56.

Ukunikela ngamaseli abomvu egazi - ingxenye eyinhloko yegazi esetshenziselwa ukumpontshelwa umkhiqizo wegazi ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa - abantu abaningi kumele balinde izinsuku ezingama-112 phakathi kweminikelo. Lolu hlobo lokunikela ngegazi alunakwenziwa ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezintathu ngonyaka.

Abaxhasi besilisa abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 banganikela ngamaseli abomvu kabili kuphela ngonyaka.

Ama-platelet amangqamuzana asiza ukwakha amahlule egazi nokulawula ukopha. Abantu bavame ukunikela ngama-platelet kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7, kuze kube izikhathi ezingama-24 ngonyaka.

Iminikelo ye-Plasma kuphela ingenziwa kanye ezinsukwini ezingama-28, kuze kube izikhathi eziyi-13 ngonyaka.

Isifinyezo

• Abantu abaningi banganikela ngegazi eliphelele njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-56. Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokunikela ngegazi.
• Iningi labantu linganikela ngamaseli abomvu njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-112.
• Unganikela ngama-platelet kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7, kuze kube izikhathi ezingama-24 ngonyaka.
• Ngokuvamile unganikela nge-plasma njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-28, kuze kube izikhathi eziyi-13 ngonyaka.
• Uma unikela ngezinhlobo eziningi zeminikelo yegazi, lokhu kuzokwehlisa inani leminikelo ongayinikeza ngonyaka.

Ingabe eminye imithi ingaba nomthelela kangaki lapho unganikela khona ngegazi?

Imithi ethile ingakwenza ungafaneleki ukunikela, kungaba unomphela noma esikhathini esifushane. Isibonelo, uma ngabe manje uthatha ama-antibiotics, awukwazi ukunikela ngegazi. Uma usuqedile ngenkambo yama-antibiotic, ungahle ufaneleke ukunikela.

Uhlu olulandelayo lwemithi lungakwenza ungafaneleki ukunikela ngegazi, kuya ngokuthi usheshe waluthatha kanjani. Lolu uhlu kuphela lwemithi engathinta ukufaneleka kwakho komnikelo:

• abahlinza igazi, kufaka phakathi i-antiplatelet kanye ne-anticoagulant drug
• ama-antibiotic ukwelapha ukutheleleka okunamandla okusebenzayo
• ukwelashwa izinduna, njenge-isotretinoin (Accutane)
• ukulahleka kwezinwele kanye nemithi yokwelapha ye-prostatic hypertrophy, njenge-finasteride (Propecia, Proscar)
• imishanguzo yomdlavuza wesikhumba we-basal cell carcinoma, njenge-vismodegib (i-Erivedge) ne-sonidegib (i-Odomzo)
• imishanguzo yomlomo ye-psoriasis, njenge-acitretin (iSoriatane)
• imithi ye-rheumatoid arthritis, njenge-leflunomide (Arava)

Uma ubhalisela ukunikela ngegazi, qiniseka ukuthi uxoxa nganoma yimiphi imithi okungenzeka ukuthi uyiphuzile ezinsukwini, emasontweni noma ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule.

Ngabe ukhona onganikela?

Ngokwe-American Red Cross, kunemigomo ethile maqondana nokuthi ngubani onganikela ngegazi.

• Ezifundazweni eziningi, kufanele okungenani ube neminyaka eyi-17 ubudala ukunikela ngama-platelet noma i-plasma futhi okungenani uneminyaka engu-16 ubudala ukunikela ngegazi eliphelele. Abanikeli abasebasha bangafaneleka ezifundazweni ezithile uma benefomu lokusayina labazali elisayiniwe. Awukho umkhawulo weminyaka ephezulu.
• Ezinhlotsheni ezingenhla zeminikelo, kufanele ube nesisindo okungenani samakhilogremu ayi-110.
• Kufanele ngabe uzizwa uphilile, ungenazimpawu zomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane.
• Kufanele ungabi nokusikeka noma amanxeba avulekile.

Abanikeli bamangqamuzana egazi abomvu bavame ukuba nezindlela ezihlukile.

• Abaxhasi besilisa kumele okungenani babe neminyaka eyi-17 ubudala; akukho mfushane kunamamitha ama-5, 1 intshi ubude; nesisindo okungenani esingamakhilogremu ayi-130.
• Abaxhasi besifazane kumele okungenani babe neminyaka engu-19 ubudala; akukho mfushane kunamamitha ama-5, ama-intshi ama-5 ubude; nesisindo okungenani esingamakhilogremu ayi-150.

Abesifazane bavame ukuba namazinga aphansi evolumu yegazi kunabesilisa, okubanga umehluko okehliswe ngokobulili emihlahlandlela yomnikelo.

Kunezinqubo ezithile ezingakwenza ungafaneleki ukunikela ngegazi, noma ngabe uhlangabezana nezidingo zeminyaka, ukuphakama, nesisindo. Kwezinye izimo, noma kunjalo, ungakufanelekela ukunikela ngelinye ilanga.

Ungahle ungakwazi ukunikela ngegazi uma ngabe okunye kwalokhu okulandelayo kusebenza kuwe:

• Izimpawu ezibandayo noma zomkhuhlane. Kufanele ngabe uzizwa uphilile futhi unempilo enhle ukunikela.
• AmaTattoos noma ukubhobozaezingaphansi konyaka ubudala. Uma une-tattoo endala noma ubhoboza futhi unempilo enhle, ungakwazi ukunikela. Okukhathazayo ukutheleleka okungenzeka ngezinaliti noma insimbi ethinta igazi lakho.
• Ukukhulelwa. Kufanele ulinde amasonto ayisithupha ngemuva kokubeletha ukunikela ngegazi. Lokhu kufaka isisu noma isisu.
• Ukuhambela amazwe anobungozi obukhulu be-malaria. Yize ukuhambela phesheya kungakwenzi ungafaneleki ngokuzenzekelayo, kunemikhawulo ethile okufanele uyixoxe nesikhungo sakho sokunikela ngegazi.
• I-hepatitis yegciwane, i-HIV, noma amanye ama-STD. Awunakunikela uma uhlolwe unegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, kwatholakala ukuthi unesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B noma u-C, noma welashelwa ugcunsula noma i-gonorrhea ngonyaka odlule.
• Ukusetshenziswa kocansi nezidakamizwa. Ungahle unganikeli uma ujove izidakamizwa ezingabekwanga ngudokotela noma uma uzibandakanya ocansini ngemali noma ngezidakamizwa.

Yini ongayenza ukulungiselela umnikelo wegazi?

Ukunikela ngegazi inqubo elula nephephile, kepha kunezinyathelo ezimbalwa ongazithatha ukusiza ukunciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga.

Hlanganisa amanzi

Kulula ukuzizwa uphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni ngemuva kokunikela, ngakho phuza amanzi amaningi noma olunye uketshezi (hhayi utshwala) ngaphambi nangemva kokunikela ngegazi lakho.

Yidla kahle

Ukudla ukudla okune-iron ne-vitamin C ngaphambi kokuba unikele kuzosiza ekwenzeni ukwehla kwamazinga wensimbi okungenzeka ngokunikela ngegazi.

Uvithamini C ungasiza umzimba wakho ukuthi uthathe insimbi esuselwa ezitshalweni ekudleni okufana nalokhu:

• ubhontshisi nodali
• amantongomane nembewu
• imifino enamaqabunga, njengesipinashi, i-broccoli, nama-collards
• amazambane
• tofu nobhontshisi

Inyama, izinkukhu, inhlanzi namaqanda nakho kunensimbi ephezulu.

Imithombo emihle kavithamini C ifaka phakathi:

• izithelo ezisawolintshi eziningi
• izinhlobo eziningi zamajikijolo
• amakhabe
• imifino eluhlaza, enamaqabunga aluhlaza

Yini ongayilindela uma unikela ngegazi

Kuthatha kuphela imizuzu eyi-10 ukunikela ngopinti wegazi lonke - umnikelo ojwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, uma ufaka ukubhaliswa nokuhlolwa, kanye nesikhathi sokutakula, yonke inqubo ingathatha cishe imizuzu engama-45 kuye kwengu-60.

Esikhungweni sokunikela ngegazi, uzodinga ukukhombisa ifomu le-ID. Ngemuva kwalokho, uzodinga ukugcwalisa uhlu lwemibuzo ngolwazi lwakho lomuntu siqu. Le mibuzo izophinde ifune ukwazi ngeyakho:

• umlando wezokwelapha nowezempilo
• imithi
• ukuya emazweni angaphandle
• ezocansi
• noma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa

Uzonikezwa imininingwane ethile ngokunikela ngegazi futhi uzoba nethuba lokukhuluma nothile esikhungweni ngokufaneleka komnikelo wakho nokuthi yini ongayilindela.

Uma uvumelekile ukunikela ngegazi, kuzohlolwa izinga lakho lokushisa, umfutho wegazi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, namazinga e-hemoglobin. IHemoglobin yiprotheni yegazi ethwala umoya-mpilo ezithweni zakho nasezicutshini zakho.

Ngaphambi kokuba umnikelo uqobo uqale, ingxenye yengalo yakho, lapho kuzothathwa khona igazi, iyohlanzwa futhi ihlanzwe. Kuzobe sekufakwa inaliti entsha oyinyumba emthanjeni engalweni yakho, bese igazi liqala ukugelezela esikhwameni seqoqo.

Ngenkathi kudonswa igazi lakho, ungakhululeka. Ezinye izikhungo zegazi zikhombisa ama-movie noma zidlala ithelevishini ukukugcina uphazamiseka.

Lapho igazi lakho selidwetshiwe, kuzobekwa ibhandishi elincane nokugqoka engalweni. Uzophumula cishe imizuzu eyi-15 bese unikezwa isidlo esilula noma okuthile okuphuzwayo, bese uzobe ukhululekile ukuhamba.

Isikhathi sesikhathi sezinye izinhlobo zeminikelo yegazi

Ukunikela ngamaseli abomvu egazi, i-plasma, noma ama-platelets kungathatha imizuzu engama-90 kuye emahoreni ama-3.

Phakathi nale nqubo, njengoba kususwa into eyodwa kuphela egazini ukuze inikelwe, ezinye izingxenye kuyodingeka zibuyiselwe emuva egazini lakho ngemuva kokuhlukaniswa emshinini.

Iminikelo yeplatelet izodinga ukuthi inaliti ibekwe ezingalweni zombili ukufeza lokhu.

Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukugcwalisa igazi olinikele?

Isikhathi esithathayo ukugcwalisa igazi ngomnikelo wegazi singahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Iminyaka yakho, ubude, isisindo, nempilo yakho konke kudlala indima.

Ngokwe-American Red Cross, i-plasma ngokuvamile igcwaliswa kungakapheli amahora angama-24, kuyilapho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ebuyela ezingeni lawo elijwayelekile kungakapheli amasonto amane kuya kwayisithupha.

Yingakho kudingeka ukuthi ulinde phakathi kweminikelo yegazi. Isikhathi sokulinda sisiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umzimba wakho unesikhathi esanele sokugcwalisa i-plasma, ama-platelets, namaseli abomvu egazi ngaphambi kokwenza omunye umnikelo.

Okubalulekile

Ukunikela ngegazi kuyindlela elula yokusiza abanye futhi mhlawumbe nokusindisa izimpilo. Abantu abaningi abanempilo enhle, ngaphandle kwezici eziyingozi, banganikela ngegazi eliphelele njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-56.

Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi ufanelekile yini ukunikela ngegazi, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo noma uthinte isikhungo sokunikela ngegazi ukuze ufunde kabanzi. Isikhungo sakho sendawo sokunikela ngegazi singakutshela nokuthi ngabe izinhlobo ezithile zegazi zifunwa kakhulu.