Konke okudingeka Ukwazi Ngokutheleleka Nge-Human Papillomavirus

-Delile

• Izimbangela ze-HPV
• Izimpawu ze-HPV
• I-HPV emadodeni
• I-HPV kwabesifazane
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV
• Abesifazane
• Abesilisa
• Ukwelashwa kwe-HPV
• Ungayithola kanjani i-HPV?
• Ukuvimbela i-HPV
• I-HPV nokukhulelwa
• Amaqiniso nezibalo ze-HPV

Sifaka imikhiqizo esicabanga ukuthi ilusizo kubafundi bethu. Uma uthenga ngezixhumanisi ezikuleli khasi, singathola ikhomishini encane. Nansi inqubo yethu.

Kuyini ukutheleleka komuntu nge-papillomavirus?

I-human papillomavirus (HPV) ukutheleleka ngegciwane okudluliswa phakathi kwabantu ngokuxhumana kwesikhumba nesikhumba. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100 ze-HPV, zazo ezidluliswa ngokuxhumana kocansi futhi ezingathinta izitho zakho zangasese, umlomo, noma umphimbo.

Ngokusho kwe-, i-HPV yisifo esaziwa kakhulu ngocansi (STI).

Kuyinto evamile kakhulu ukuthi abantu abaningi abahlanganyela ocansini bazothola ukuhlukahluka kwayo ngesikhathi esithile, noma ngabe banabalingani abambalwa bezocansi.

Ezinye izimo zokutheleleka nge-HPV ezithweni zangasese kungenzeka zingadali izinkinga zempilo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo ze-HPV zingaholela ekwakhiweni kwezinsumpa zangasese kanye nomdlavuza wesibeletho, ingquza nomphimbo.

Izimbangela ze-HPV

Igciwane elibangela ukutheleleka kwe-HPV lidluliselwa ngokuxhumana kwesikhumba nesikhumba. Iningi labantu lithola ukutheleleka nge-HPV yezitho zobulili ngokuxhumana nocansi ngqo, kufaka phakathi ucansi lwangasese, lwendunu nolomlomo.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-HPV ukutheleleka kwesikhumba kuya kwesikhumba, ukuya ocansini akudingeki ukuze ukudluliswa kwenzeke.

Abantu abaningi bane-HPV futhi abazi ngisho nayo, okusho ukuthi usengayithola noma ngabe umlingani wakho akanazo izimpawu. Kungenzeka futhi ukuba nezinhlobo eziningi ze-HPV.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, umama one-HPV angadlulisela leli gciwane enganeni yakhe ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ingane ingaqala isimo esibizwa ngokuthi yi-papillomatosis yokuphefumula ephindelela lapho iba khona nezinsumpa ezihlobene ne-HPV ngaphakathi komphimbo wazo noma ezindleleni zomoya.

Izimpawu ze-HPV

Imvamisa, ukutheleleka nge-HPV akubangeli zimpawu ezibonakalayo noma izinkinga zempilo.

Eqinisweni, ngezifo ze-HPV (9 kwezingu-10) ziyahamba zodwa zingakapheli iminyaka emibili, ngokwe-CDC. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi igciwane lisesemzimbeni womuntu ngalesi sikhathi, lowo muntu angadlulisa i-HPV ngokungazi.

Lapho leli gciwane lingazihambeli lodwa, lingadala izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinsumpa zangasese nezinsumpa emphinjeni (okwaziwa njengephillomatosis yokuphefumula ephindaphindwayo).

I-HPV nayo ingadala umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho neminye imidlavuza yesitho sangasese, ikhanda, intamo, nomphimbo.

Izinhlobo ze-HPV ezidala izinsumpa zihlukile kunezinhlobo ezidala umdlavuza. Ngakho-ke, ukuba nezinsumpa zangasese ezibangelwa i-HPV akusho ukuthi uzoba nomdlavuza.

Umdlavuza obangelwa yi-HPV kaningi awukhombisi zimpawu kuze kube umdlavuza usezigabeni zokukhula kamuva. Ukuhlolwa njalo kungasiza ukuxilonga izinkinga zezempilo ezihlobene ne-HPV ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lokhu kungathuthukisa umbono futhi kwandise amathuba okusinda.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nezimpawu ze-HPV nokutheleleka.

I-HPV emadodeni

Amadoda amaningi atheleleke nge-HPV awanazo izimpawu, yize amanye engaba nezinsumpa ezithinta izitho zangasese. Bona udokotela wakho uma ubona noma yimaphi amaqhubu angajwayelekile noma izilonda epeni lakho, kwesibanda, noma endunu.

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-HPV zingadala umdlavuza we-penile, we-anal, nowomphimbo emadodeni. Abanye besilisa bangaba sengozini yokuthola umdlavuza ohlobene ne-HPV, kufaka phakathi amadoda athola ucansi lwendunu namadoda anamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka.

Izinhlobo ze-HPV ezidala izinsumpa ezithweni zobulili azifani nalezo ezidala umdlavuza. Thola eminye imininingwane ngokutheleleka nge-HPV emadodeni.

I-HPV kwabesifazane

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kwabesifazane bazothola okungenani uhlobo olulodwa lwe-HPV ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo. Njengabesilisa, abesifazane abaningi abathola i-HPV abanazo izimpawu futhi ukutheleleka kuyaphela ngaphandle kokubanga izinkinga zempilo.

Abanye besifazane bangabona ukuthi banezinsumpa zangasese, ezingabonakala ngaphakathi esithweni sangasese, ngaphakathi noma eduze kwendunu, nasesibelethweni somlomo wesibeletho noma esithweni sangasese.

Yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho uma ubona noma yimaphi amaqhubu angachazeki noma ukukhula ngaphakathi noma endaweni ezungeze isitho sakho sangasese.

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-HPV zingadala umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho noma umdlavuza wesitho sowesifazane sangasese, indunu, noma umphimbo. Ukuhlolwa njalo kungasiza ukuthola izinguquko ezihambisana nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kwabesifazane. Ngokwengeziwe, ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA kumaseli omlomo wesibeletho kungathola izinhlobo ze-HPV ezihambisana nomdlavuza wesitho sangasese.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV

Ukuhlolelwa i-HPV kwehlukile kwabesilisa nabesifazane.

Abesifazane

Imihlahlandlela ebuyekeziwe evela ku-US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) incoma ukuthi abesifazane baqale ukuhlolwa iPap, noma iPap smear, lapho beneminyaka engama-21, kungakhathalekile ukuthi baqala kanjani ukuya ocansini.

Ukuhlolwa njalo kwePap kusiza ekutholeni amaseli angajwayelekile kwabesifazane. Lokhu kungakhombisa umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho noma ezinye izinkinga ezihlobene ne-HPV.

Abesifazane abaneminyaka engama-21 kuya kwengama-29 kufanele babe nokuhlolwa nje kwePap njalo eminyakeni emithathu. Kusukela eminyakeni engama-30 kuya kwengama-65, abesifazane kufanele benze okukodwa kokulandelayo:

• thola ukuhlolwa kwePap njalo eminyakeni emithathu
• thola ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV njalo eminyakeni emihlanu; izobheka izinhlobo ezinobungozi be-HPV (hrHPV)
• thola kokubili ukuhlolwa ndawonye njalo eminyakeni emihlanu; lokhu kwaziwa njengokuhlola ndawonye

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Standalone kukhethwa ngaphezu kokuhlolwa ngokubambisana, ngokusho kwe-USPSTF.

Uma umncane kuneminyaka yobudala engama-30, udokotela wakho noma udokotela wezifo zabesifazane futhi angacela ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV uma imiphumela yakho ye-Pap ingajwayelekile.

Kukhona i-HPV engaholela kumdlavuza. Uma unenye yalezi zinhlobo, udokotela wakho angafuna ukukuqapha ngezinguquko zomlomo wesibeletho.

Ungadinga ukuthola ukuhlolwa kwePap kaningi. Udokotela wakho futhi angacela inqubo yokulandelela, njenge-colposcopy.

Izinguquko zomlomo wesibeletho eziholela kumdlavuza zivame ukuthatha iminyaka eminingi ukukhula, kanti ukutheleleka nge-HPV kuvame ukuzihambela ngokwakho ngaphandle kokubanga umdlavuza. Ungahle ufune ukulandela inkambo yokulinda ubukele esikhundleni sokwelashwa kwamaseli angajwayelekile noma angaphili kahle.

Abesilisa

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV DNA kutholakala kuphela ekuhloleni i-HPV kwabesifazane. Okwamanje akukho sivivinyo esivunyelwe i-FDA sokutholakala kwe-HPV emadodeni.

Ngokusho kwe-, ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile komdlavuza we-anal, umphimbo, noma i-penile emadodeni akukhuthazwa okwamanje.

Abanye odokotela bangenza ukuhlolwa kwe-anal Pap kwabesilisa abanengozi eyengeziwe yokuthola umdlavuza wendunu. Lokhu kubandakanya abesilisa abathola ucansi lwendunu kanye nabesilisa abane-HIV.

Ukwelashwa kwe-HPV

Izimo eziningi ze-HPV ziyahamba zodwa, ngakho-ke alukho ukwelashwa kokutheleleka uqobo. Esikhundleni salokho, udokotela wakho uzofuna ukuthi ungene ukuze uphinde uphinde uhlolwe ngonyaka ukuze ubone ukuthi ukutheleleka kwe-HPV kuyaqhubeka yini nokuthi ngabe kukhona ushintsho lweseli olwenzile oludinga ukuqhubeka nokulandelwa.

Izinsumpa zangasese zingelashwa ngemithi kadokotela, zishiswe ngamandla kagesi, noma ziqandiswe nge-nitrogen engamanzi. Kepha, ukususa izinsumpa zomzimba akuliphathi leli gciwane uqobo, futhi izinsumpa zingabuya.

Amaseli anomdlavuza angasuswa ngenqubo emfushane eyenziwa ehhovisi likadokotela wakho. Umdlavuza ovela ku-HPV ungalashwa ngezindlela ezinjenge-chemotherapy, i-radiation therapy, noma ukuhlinzwa. Kwesinye isikhathi, izindlela eziningi zingasetshenziswa.

Okwamanje azikho izindlela zokwelapha zemvelo ezesekelwa ngezokwelapha ezitholakalayo zokutheleleka nge-HPV.

Ukuhlolwa njalo kwe-HPV nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kubalulekile ekuboneni, ekuqapheni nasekulapheni izinkinga zempilo ezingabangelwa ukutheleleka kwe-HPV. Hlola izinketho zokwelashwa ze-HPV.

Ungayithola kanjani i-HPV?

Noma ngubani oke wathintana ngesikhumba nesikhumba usengozini yokutheleleka nge-HPV. Ezinye izinto ezingabeka umuntu engcupheni yokutheleleka nge-HPV zifaka:

• inani elandayo labalingani ocansini
• ucansi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, ngomlomo, noma ngendunu olungavikelekile
• amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka
• ukuba nomlingani ocansini one-HPV

Uma uthola uhlobo lwe-HPV olusengozini enkulu, ezinye izinto zingenza kube lula ukuthi ukutheleleka kuqhubeke futhi kungahle kube umdlavuza:

• amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka
• ukuba nezinye izifo zocansi, njenge-gonorrhea, i-chlamydia, ne-herpes simplex
• ukuvuvukala okungapheli
• ukuba nezingane eziningi (umdlavuza wesibeletho)
• usebenzisa izinto zokuvimbela inzalo ngomlomo isikhathi eside (umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho)
• usebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi (umdlavuza womlomo noma womphimbo)
• ukuthola ucansi lwendunu (umdlavuza wendunu)

Ukuvimbela i-HPV

Izindlela ezilula zokuvimbela i-HPV ukusebenzisa amakhondomu nokwenza ucansi oluphephile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuthi wokugoma we-Gardasil 9 uyatholakala ukuze kuvikelwe izinsumpa zangasese kanye nomdlavuza obangelwa yi-HPV. Umuthi wokugoma ungavikela ezinhlotsheni eziyisishiyagalolunye ze-HPV ezaziwa ukuthi zihlotshaniswa nomdlavuza noma izinsumpa zangasese.

I-CDC incoma umuthi wokugoma we-HPV wabafana namantombazane abaneminyaka eyi-11 noma eyi-12. Imithamo emibili yomuthi wokugoma unikezwa okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha ngokuhlukana. Abesifazane nabesilisa abaneminyaka engu-15 kuya kwengama-26 bangathola nokugoma esimisweni semithamo emithathu.

Ngokwengeziwe, abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-27 nengama-45 abangazange bagonyelwe i-HPV phambilini bangokugomela iGardasil 9.

Ukuvimbela izinkinga zempilo ezihambisana ne-HPV, qiniseka ukuthola ukuhlolwa kwempilo okuvamile, ukuhlolwa, kanye ne-Pap smears. Funda ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nobuhle nobubi bokugonywa kwe-HPV.

I-HPV nokukhulelwa

Ukwenza isivumelwano nge-HPV akuwehlisi amathuba akho okukhulelwa. Uma ukhulelwe futhi une-HPV, ungafisa ukubambezela ukwelashwa kuze kube ngemuva kokubeletha. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, ukutheleleka nge-HPV kungadala izinkinga.

Izinguquko zeHormonal ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zingadala ukuthi izinsumpa zangasese zikhule futhi kwezinye izimo, lezi zinsumpa zingopha. Uma izinsumpa zobulili zisabalele, zingenza ukulethwa kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane kube nzima.

Lapho izinsumpa zangasese zivimba umsele wokuzalwa, kungadingeka isigaba se-C.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, owesifazane one-HPV angayidlulisela enganeni yakhe. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, isimo esingajwayelekile kodwa esibi esibizwa ngokuphindaphindiwe yi-papillomatosis yokuphefumula singavela. Kulesi simo, izingane zikhula ukukhula okuhlobene ne-HPV ezindizeni zazo.

Izinguquko zomlomo wesibeletho zisengenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngakho-ke kufanele uhlele ukuqhubeka nokuhlola okujwayelekile komdlavuza wesibeletho ne-HPV ngenkathi ukhulelwe. Thola okuningi nge-HPV nokukhulelwa.

Amaqiniso nezibalo ze-HPV

Nawa amanye amaqiniso nezibalo mayelana nokutheleleka nge-HPV:

• I-CDC ilinganisela ukuthi abaseMelika bane-HPV. Iningi lalaba bantu lisanda kweva eminyakeni eyishumi nambili noma lisebancane.
• Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe ngabantu abazosanda kuthola i-HPV unyaka nonyaka.
• E-United States, i-HPV ibanga umdlavuza unyaka nonyaka kwabesilisa nabesifazane.
• Kulinganiselwa ukuthi umdlavuza wendunu ubangelwa ukutheleleka nge-HPV. Iningi lalawa macala abangelwa uhlobo olulodwa lwe-HPV: i-HPV 16.
• Izinhlobo ezimbili ze-HPV - HPV 16 ne-18 - zibhekela okungenani amacala omdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Ukugoma kungavikela ekungenweni yilezi zinhlobo.
• Ngo-2006 kwanconywa umjovo wokuqala we-HPV. Kusukela lapho, ukwehliswa kwezinhlobo ze-HPV ezigonywe ngemigomo kuye kwabonwa emantombazaneni asakhula e-United States.