Konke Okudingeka Ukwazi Ngokuzala

-Delile

• Incazelo yokungazali
• Izimbangela zokuzala kwabesilisa
• Izici zobungozi
• Izimo zezokwelapha
• Imithi nezidakamizwa
• Okubalulekile
• Izimbangela zokuzala kwabesifazane
• Izici zobungozi
• Izimo zezokwelapha
• Imithi nezidakamizwa
• Okubalulekile
• Ukuhlolwa kokuzala
• Abesilisa
• Abesifazane
• Imithi yokwelashwa
• Abesilisa
• Abesifazane
• Okubalulekile
• Ukungazali kanye nokwelashwa kwemvelo
• Ukuthoma
• I-Yoga
• Amavithamini
• Itiye
• Amafutha abalulekile
• Ukudla kokuzala
• Umjikelezo wenzalo
• Amaqiniso wokuzala nenzalo
• Umbono ngokungazali

Sifaka imikhiqizo esicabanga ukuthi ilusizo kubafundi bethu. Uma uthenga ngezixhumanisi ezikuleli khasi, singathola ikhomishini encane. Nansi inqubo yethu.

Incazelo yokungazali

Ukuxilongwa kokungazali kusho ukuthi awukwazanga ukukhulelwa ngemuva konyaka wokuzama. Uma ungowesifazane ongaphezu kweminyaka engama-35, kusho ukuthi awukwazanga ukukhulelwa ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha uzama.

Abesifazane abakwaziyo ukukhulelwa kodwa bangathwali ukukhulelwa isikhathi eside bangaphinde batholwe ukuthi abanayo inzalo.

Owesifazane ongakaze akwazi ukukhulelwa uzotholakala enenkinga yokungazali. Owesifazane oke wakhulelwa okungenani okukodwa okuyimpumelelo esikhathini esedlule uzotholakala enenkinga yokungazali.

Ukungatholi inzalo akuyona inkinga yomuntu wesifazane kuphela. Amadoda nawo angazala. Eqinisweni, abesilisa nabesifazane banamathuba afanayo okuba nezinkinga zokuzala.

Ngokusho kwe, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yamacala okuzala angabangelwa ukungabi nenzalo kwabesifazane ngenkathi izinkinga zamadoda zibanga elinye icala lesithathu lamacala okuzala.

Okwesithathu kwamacala asele kungabangelwa inhlanganisela yokungabi nenzalo kwabesilisa nabesifazane, noma kungenzeka bangabi nasizathu esaziwayo.

Izimbangela zokuzala kwabesilisa

Ngokuvamile, ukungabi namuntu emadodeni kuhlotshaniswa nezinkinga ngokulandelayo:

• ukukhiqizwa ngempumelelo kwesidoda
• ukubala kwesidoda, noma inani lesidoda
• ukuma kwesidoda
• ukunyakaza kwesidoda, okubandakanya ukunyakaza kwesidoda ngokwaso nokuthuthwa kwesidoda ngamashubhu wesistimu yokuzala yowesilisa

Kunezici ezahlukahlukene zobungozi, izimo zezokwelapha, nemithi engathinta nokuzala.

Izici zobungozi

Izici zobungozi ezihambisana nokungabi namuntu emadodeni zifaka, kepha azikhawulelwe ku:

• ukuguga
• ukubhema osikilidi
• ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala
• ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphala
• ukuvezwa ubuthi, njengezibulala-zinambuzane, ukubulala ukhula, nezinsimbi ezisindayo

Izimo zezokwelapha

Ezinye izibonelo zezimo zezokwelapha ezingadala ukungabi nenzalo kwabesilisa zifaka:

• ukukhipha kabusha i-ejaculation
• i-varicocele, noma ukuvuvukala kwemithambo ezungeze amasende
• amasende angakwehlanga emgodleni
• ukuba nama-antibody ahlasela isidoda sakho asishabalalise
• ukungalingani kwe-hormonal, njengokukhiqizwa okuphansi kwe-testosterone

Imithi nezidakamizwa

Imithi ehlukahlukene nezidakamizwa kungathinta nokuzala kwabesilisa, okufana nalokhu:

• i-chemotherapy noma i-radiation therapy, esetshenziselwa umdlavuza
• i-sulfasalazine (i-Azulfidine, i-Azulfidine EN-Tabs), esetshenziselwa i-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) noma i-ulcerative colitis (UC)
• ama-calcium channel blockers, asetshenziselwa umfutho wegazi ophezulu
• izidakamizwa ze-tricyclic
• ama-anabolic steroids, asetshenziselwa ukusebenza kwezemidlalo okuthuthukile noma izingqinamba zehomoni njengokuthomba okulibele
• izidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa ezifana nensangu ne-cocaine

Okubalulekile

Noma iyiphi yalezi zinto, noma inhlanganisela yazo, ingaholela ekungazali kwabesilisa. Funda ngezimpawu zokuzala kwabesilisa.

Izimbangela zokuzala kwabesifazane

Ukungabi nenzalo kwabesifazane kungadalwa yizinto ezahlukahlukene ezithinta noma eziphazamisa izinqubo zebhayoloji ezilandelayo:

• i-ovulation, lapho iqanda elivuthiwe likhishwa esibelethweni
• ukukhulelwa, okwenzeka lapho isidoda sihlangana neqanda kushubhu le-fallopian ngemuva kokuhamba ngomlomo wesibeletho nasesizalweni
• ukumila, okwenzeka lapho iqanda elikhulelisiwe linamathela emgqeni wesibeletho lapho lingakhula khona likhule libe ingane

Izici zobungozi

Izici ezinobungozi bokuzala kwabesifazane zifaka:

• ukukhula kweminyaka
• ukubhema osikilidi
• ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala
• ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukukhuluphala, noma ukukhuluphala kakhulu
• ukuba nezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs) ezingalimaza uhlelo lokuzala

Izimo zezokwelapha

Izimo ezahlukahlukene zezokwelapha zingathinta uhlelo lokuzala lwabesifazane futhi zibangele ukungabi nenzalo kwabesifazane.

Izibonelo zifaka:

• ukuphazamiseka kwe-ovulation, okungabangelwa yi-polycystic ovary syndrome (i-PCOS) noma ukungalingani kwamahomoni
• isifo sokuvuvukala okhalo (PID)
• i-endometriosis
• imicu yesibeletho
• ukwehluleka kwe-ovari ngaphambi kwesikhathi
• isibazi sokuhlinzwa kwangaphambilini

Imithi nezidakamizwa

Imithi ethile nezidakamizwa ezingathinta ukungabi nenzalo kwabesifazane kufaka:

• i-chemotherapy noma i-radiation therapy
• ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwezidakamizwa ezinamandla okulwa nokuvuvukala (i-NSAIDS) ezinjenge-aspirin (Bayer) ne-ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
• imishanguzo yokulwa nezengqondo
• izidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa ezifana nensangu ne-cocaine

Okubalulekile

Ngokusho kweMayo Clinic, izinkinga ze-ovulation zibanga cishe ikota eyodwa yezinkinga zokungazali ezitholakala emibhangqwaneni. Isikhathi esingajwayelekile noma esingekho yizimpawu ezimbili zokuthi owesifazane kungenzeka angabi namaqanda.

Thola ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nezimpawu zokuzala kwabesifazane.

Ukuhlolwa kokuzala

Uma ngabe ubukade uzama ukukhulelwa futhi ungakwazi, kungenzeka ukuthi uyazibuza ukuthi kufanele uhlele nini ukubona udokotela.

Qhubeka ufunde ukuthola ukuthi iziphi izivivinyo abazokwenza ukuhlola ukuzala kwakho nomlingani wakho.

Abesilisa

Abesilisa kufanele bahlele ukubona udokotela ngemuva konyaka owodwa wokuzama ukukhulelwa noma uma kusebenza okunye kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile (ED)
• izinkinga nge-ejaculation, njengokulibaziseka kwe-ejaculation noma ukukhipha kabusha i-ejaculation
• ukushayela ucansi okuphansi
• ubuhlungu noma ukuvuvukala esithweni sangasese
• uke wahlinzwa phambilini esithweni sangasese

Udokotela wakho uzoqala athathe umlando wakho wezokwelapha. Ngalesi sikhathi, bazobuza ngempilo yakho yonke, umlando wakho wezocansi, nezinto ezingathinta ukuzala kwakho. Bazophinda futhi bahlole ngokomzimba lapho behlola izitho zakho zangasese ukuze babone noma ikuphi ukungahleleki okuhlelekile noma izigaxa.

Ukuhlaziywa kwesidoda kungenzeka ukuthi kwenziwe ngaleso sikhathi. Udokotela wakho uzokucela ukuthi unikeze isampula yesidoda. Lesi sampuli sizobe sesihlolwa elabhorethri ukubona ukuthi zingaki izidoda ezikhona nokuthi isidoda sakhiwe ngendlela ejwayelekile futhi sihamba kahle yini.

Ngokuya ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakho kokuqala nokuhlaziywa kwesidoda, udokotela wakho angafuna ukwenza izivivinyo ezengeziwe.

Lezi zivivinyo zingafaka:

• ukuhlolwa kwama-hormone
• i-ultrasound yezitho zangasese
• ukuhlolwa kofuzo

Abesifazane

Ukuzala kowesifazane kuqala ukwehla kulandela iminyaka engama-30. Abesifazane abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-35 kufanele bavakashele udokotela ngemuva konyaka owodwa wokuzama ukukhulelwa ngenkathi abesifazane abaneminyaka engama-35 nangaphezulu kufanele bavakashele udokotela ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha zokuzama.

Udokotela wakho uzoqala athathe umlando wakho wezokwelapha. Bazobuza ngesimo samanje sempilo yakho, umlando wakho wezocansi, nanoma yiziphi izimo noma izifo ezingaba nomthelela ekungazali.

Ngemuva kwalokho bazokwenza ukuhlolwa kwendawo yakho ye-pelvic ukuze babheke ukungajwayelekile njenge-fibroids noma izimo ezifana ne-endometriosis noma i-PID.

Udokotela wakho uzofuna ukubona ukuthi ngabe uvuthisa njalo ngenyanga yini. Lokhu kunganqunywa ngekhithi yokuhlola ama-ovulation ekhaya noma ngokuhlolwa kwegazi ehhovisi likadokotela.

I-ultrasound ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuhlola amaqanda kanye nesibeletho.

Ezinye izivivinyo ezivamile zabesifazane zifaka:

• i-hysterosalpingography, okuluhlobo lwe-X-ray esetshenziselwa ukuhlola amashubhu wesibeletho kanye nesibeletho
• i-laparoscopy, esebenzisa ikhamera ukuhlola izitho zangaphakathi
• ukuhlolwa kokulondolozwa kwe-ovarian, okusebenzisa inhlanganisela yokuhlolwa kwamahomoni ukuthola amandla omuntu wokukhulelwa - izivivinyo ezifanele zifaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwe-follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Imithi yokwelashwa

Uma wena nomlingani wakho benizama ukukhulelwa futhi anikwazanga, nifisa ukufuna ukwelashwa. Uhlobo lwezokwelapha olunconywayo lungaxhomeka ezicini ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi:

• imbangela yokungazali, uma kwaziwa
• kunini uzama ukukhulelwa
• iminyaka yakho
• impilo yonke yakho nobabili nomlingani wakho
• okuthandwa nguwe kanye nomlingani wakho, kulandela ukubonisana mayelana nezinketho zakho zokwelashwa

Abesilisa

Ukungabatholi abantwana kungalashwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, kuya ngesizathu. Izinketho zokwelashwa kwabesilisa zingabandakanya ukuhlinzwa, imishanguzo, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusiza bokuzala (i-ART).

Ukuhlinzwa kungalungisa izithiyo ezivimbela isidoda ukuthi singabikho ku-ejaculate. Ingalungisa nezimo ezinjenge-varicocele. Kwezinye izimo, isidoda singakhishwa ngqo kumasende ngemuva kwalokho singasetshenziswa ekwelashweni nge-ART.

Imithi ingasetshenziswa ukwelapha izingqinamba ezinjengokungalingani kwamahomoni. Zingasetshenziswa ukwelapha ezinye izimo ezingathinta ukuzala kowesilisa, njenge-ED noma izifo ezithinta ukubala kwesidoda.

I-ART ibhekisa ekwelashweni lapho amaqanda nesidoda kuphathwa khona ngaphandle komzimba. Kungafaka ukwelashwa okufana ne-in vitro fertilization (IVF) kanye nomjovo wesidoda we-intracytoplasmic. Isidoda semithi yokwelashwa ngama-ART singatholakala ku-ejaculate, ekukhishweni emasendeni, noma kumnikeli.

Abesifazane

Ukwelashwa kokuzala kwabesifazane kungabandakanya nokuhlinzwa, imishanguzo, kanye nosizo lokuzala njenge-ART. Kwesinye isikhathi kunezinhlobo eziningi zokwelashwa ezidingekayo ukusiza ukubhekana nokungazali kwabesifazane.

Yize ukuhlinzwa kwesinye isikhathi kungasetshenziswa ekwelapheni ukungabi nenzalo kwabesifazane, sekuyivelakancane manje ngenxa yentuthuko kokunye ukwelashwa kokuzala. Ukuhlinzwa kungathuthukisa ukuzala nge:

• ukulungisa isibeletho esime ngokungajwayelekile
• uvule amashubhu we-fallopian
• kususwa i-fibroids

Usizo lokuzala lungabandakanya izindlela ezinjenge-intrauterine insemination (IUI) ne-ART. Ngesikhathi se-IUI, izigidi zesidoda zifakwa esibelethweni sowesifazane eduze nesikhathi se-ovulation.

IVF wuhlobo olulodwa lwe-ART futhi lubandakanya ukususwa kwamaqanda abese evundiswa isidoda sowesilisa elabhorethri. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, umbungu ubuyiselwa emuva esibelethweni.

Imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukungasebenzi kwabesifazane isebenza njengamahomoni akhona ngokwemvelo emzimbeni ukukhuthaza noma ukulawula i-ovulation.

Okubalulekile

Kunenqwaba yezidakamizwa zokuzala ezitholakalayo. Hlola izinhlobo eziningi zemithi yokuzala lapha.

Ukungazali kanye nokwelashwa kwemvelo

Ukwelashwa kwemvelo kungafaka izindlela ezinjengokukhopa umzimba ne-yoga.

Ukubuyekezwa okukodwa kuka-2018 kutholakale ukuthi okungenani amaphesenti ama-29 emibhangqwana izame uhlobo oluthile lokwelashwa kwemvelo noma okunye ukwelashwa, kungaba kukodwa noma ukugcwalisa ukwelashwa kwendabuko.

Ukuthoma

Ukulungisa izidumbu kuhilela ukufaka izinaliti ezincane, ezincane emaphuzwini ahlukahlukene omzimba. Kukholakala ukuthi la maphuzu angasiza ukukhuthaza ukugeleza kwamandla omzimba.

Abukho ubufakazi obucacile bokuthi kusekelwe ukutshopa njengomuthi wokwelapha inzalo.

Ukuhlolwa okuningi kwemitholampilo kutholile ubufakazi obukhawulelwe bokuthi ukuthathwa kwesikhumba kungathuthukisa kokubili ukuvuthwa nokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane abane-PCOS. Thola imininingwane eyengeziwe ngokushopa nokutholwa.

I-Yoga

I-Yoga ifaka izindlela zokuma nezindlela zokuphefumula ukukhuthaza ukuphumula nokunciphisa amazinga oxinzelelo.

Izifundo ze-yoga njengokwelashwa kokuzala zikhawulelwe. Kodwa-ke, kukholelwa ukuthi ukuzijwayeza i-yoga kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka okungahlanganiswa nokwelashwa kokuzala.

Amavithamini

Amavithamini namaminerali ahlukahlukene angasiza ekukhuthazeni ukuzala.

Abanye okufanele babhekelwe kufaka phakathi:

• umlingiswa
• zinc
• uvithamini C
• uvithamini E
• insimbi

Ungabheka nezinye izithasiselo, njengama-probiotic, angakhuthaza ukugaya okunempilo futhi athuthukise impilo yonke. Thola ezinye izakhamzimba ezingakusiza ukuthi ukhulelwe.

Itiye

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zetiye yokuzala ziyatholakala ukuthengwa, kepha ziyasebenza?

Uphenyo ngemiphumela yalezi zinhlobo zetiye ekuzaleni lunqunyelwe ngokweqile. Kodwa-ke, okunye ukubuyekezwa kwakamuva kutholile ukuthi ama-antioxidant compounds atholakala kutiye oluhlaza angasiza ukuzala ngokwenza ngcono imingcele efana nokubala kwesidoda nokuhamba.

Amafutha abalulekile

Amafutha abalulekile atholakala ezitshalweni, imvamisa ezimpandeni zawo, ezimbewini noma emaqabungeni. Zingasetshenziswa ku-aromatherapy ukukhuthaza ukuphumula nokunciphisa amazinga okucindezeleka. I-Aromatherapy ingafaka ukubhucungwa, ukugeza noma ukushiswa kwamafutha abalulekile.

Ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuhlola imiphumela uwoyela obalulekile ongaba nayo ekuzaleni.

Ukudla kokuzala

Kwabesifazane, izincomo zokudla ezikhulisa inzalo zihloselwe ukuthuthukisa ukungazali okubangelwa yizinkinga nge-ovulation.Ngakho-ke, ngeke zisebenzele ukungabi nenzalo okubangelwa yizimo zomzimba ezifana nebhlokhi kumashubhu e-fallopian noma i-uterine fibroids.

Ezinye izincomo zokudla zokuqinisa ukuzala zifaka:

• ukukhetha ama-carbs ngokuhlakanipha ngokugxila kokudla okune-fiber (njengemifino nokusanhlamvu okuphelele) ngenkathi uvikela ama-carbs acwengekile anoshukela omningi
• ukugwema amafutha we-trans, akhona emikhiqizweni eminingi yokudla okuthosiwe nacutshunguliwe
• ukushintshanisa amanye amaprotheni wakho wesilwane ukuthola imithombo yamaprotheni yemifino
• ukukhetha ubisi olunamafutha amaningi (njengobisi lonke) esikhundleni semikhiqizo enamafutha aphansi

Ukulandela lezi zincomo, nokudla ukudla okunomsoco ngokujwayelekile, kungasiza nabesilisa ukuthi bathuthukise impilo yesidoda sabo.

Ukwenza ushintsho ekudleni kanye nokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila njengokusebenza kakhulu kungasiza ukukhuthaza ukuzala. Thola amathiphu amaningi wokuthuthukisa ukuzala ngokushintsha indlela odla ngayo nokuzivocavoca umzimba.

Umjikelezo wenzalo

Abesifazane bavundile kakhulu ngesikhathi lapho bevula khona amaqanda. Ukulandelela i-ovulation yakho bese ugxila emsebenzini wakho wezocansi ngalesi sikhathi kungathuthukisa amathuba akho okukhulelwa.

I-ovulation ivela ngosuku olulodwa ngaphandle kwenyanga. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-ovari akho akhipha iqanda elivuthiwe, eliqala ukuhamba ngamashubhu akho e-fallopian. Uma iqanda lihlangabezana nesidoda phakathi nohambo lwalo, ukukhulelwa kungenzeka.

Uma iqanda lingavundiswanga, lizofa kungakapheli amahora angama-24 we-ovulation. Kodwa-ke, isidoda singaphila ngaphakathi komzimba womuntu wesifazane kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezinhlanu, kwandisa amathuba okukhulelwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, empeleni uvundile cishe izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisithupha ngaphandle kwenyanga.

I-ovulation ayenzeki ngasikhathi sinye njalo ngenyanga, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu ze-ovulation. Lokhu kungafaka izinguquko zomzimba njengokukhukhumala kwesisu nokukhuphuka okuncane kokushisa komzimba. Thola ezinye izindlela zokutshela uma uvundile kakhulu.

Amaqiniso wokuzala nenzalo

Ngokusho, amaphesenti ayi-12.1 abesifazane base-U.S abaneminyaka engu-15 kuya kwengama-44 ubudala banenkinga yokukhulelwa nokuphatha ingane. Cishe amaphesenti ayi-7 abesifazane abashadile abakule minyaka yobudala abananzalo.

Ngokwengeziwe, ngokwe-CDC, abesifazane abayizigidi ezingama-7.3 abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-15 nengama-44 basebenzise izinsizakalo zokuzala. Lokho kubhala cishe amaphesenti ayi-12 abesifazane abaphakathi kwalelo qembu leminyaka.

I-National Institutes of Health (NIH) ilinganisela ukuthi owesifazane oneminyaka engama-30 unengxenye evundile njengowesifazane oseminyakeni yama-20.

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angama-20 abesifazane e-United States manje sebethola izingane zabo zokuqala ngemuva kweminyaka engama-35. Lokhu kwenza iminyaka ibe yisici esikhulayo sokuzala.

Cishe amaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye wamadoda ahlangabezane nezinkinga ngokuzala. Yize ukuzala kwabesilisa nakho kungancipha ngokukhula kweminyaka, kuncipha kancane kunokuzala kwabesifazane.

Umbono ngokungazali

Ukutholakala unenkinga yokungazali kusho ukuthi amaphupho akho okuba nengane afinyelele emaphethelweni. Kungathatha isikhathi esithile, kepha imibhangqwana eminingi ethola ukungabi nenzalo ekugcineni izokwazi ukuthola ingane. Abanye bazokwenza ngokwabo, kanti abanye bazodinga usizo lwezokwelapha.

Ukwelashwa okulungele wena nomlingani wakho kuzoncika ezintweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi iminyaka yakho, imbangela yokungabi nenzalo, nezinto ozithandayo. Ngokufanayo, noma ngabe ukwelashwa okuthile kokuzala kubangela ukukhulelwa kungancika ezintweni eziningi.

Kwezinye izimo, inkinga yokuzala kungenzeka ingakwazi ukwelashwa. Ngokuya ngezimo, udokotela wakho angaphakamisa ukuthi wena nomlingani wakho nicabange ngesidoda noma amaqanda abanikeli, ukutholelwa omunye umuntu, noma ukutholwa.

Isimo sokuzala e-United States siyaqhubeka nokuba namandla, nezinguquko eziningi ezimweni zengqondo nasemikhubeni namasiko. Bheka lo mbiko ngesimo samanje sokuzala.

UJill Seladi-Schulman ungumbhali ozimele ovela e-Atlanta, GA. Uthole iPhDD yakhe kwiMicrobiology kanye neMolecular Genetics evela e-Emory lapho incwadi yakhe yobuciko ibigxile kwi-influenza morphology. Unothando lwezokuxhumana kwezesayensi nezempilo futhi uyakujabulela ukubhala kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezihloko ezihlobene nezempilo - yize ezohlala enendawo ethambile yezifo ezithathelwanayo. UJill futhi ungumfundi okhuthele, uthanda ukuhamba, futhi uyakujabulela ukubhala izinganekwane.