Izifo Zamathumbu Okuvuvukala (IBD)

-Delile

• Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezifo ezivuthayo zamathumbu?
• Yini ebangela ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu?
• Izakhi zofuzo
• Amasosha omzimba
• Yiziphi izinto ezinobungozi zokuthuthukisa isifo samathumbu esivuthayo?
• Ukubhema
• Ubuhlanga
• Ubudala
• Umlando womndeni
• Isifunda sendawo
• Ubulili
• Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sokuvuvukala kwamathumbu?
• Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona zesifo samathumbu esivuthayo?
• Sitholakala kanjani isifo samathumbu esivuthayo?
• Isampula yesitokisi nokuhlolwa kwegazi
• I-Barium enema
• I-sigmoidoscopy eguqukayo ne-colonoscopy
• I-capsule endoscopy
• Ifilimu engenalutho noma i-X-ray
• I-Computer tomography (CT) ne-magnetic resonance imaging (i-MRI)
• Selashwa kanjani isifo samathumbu?
• Imithi
• Izindlela zokuphila
• Izithasiselo
• Ukuhlinzwa
• Singavinjelwa kanjani isifo sokuvuvukala?

Sifaka imikhiqizo esicabanga ukuthi ilusizo kubafundi bethu. Uma uthenga ngezixhumanisi ezikuleli khasi, singathola ikhomishini encane. Nansi inqubo yethu.

Ukubuka konke

Isifo samathumbu esivuthayo (IBD) simele iqembu lokuphazamiseka kwamathumbu elibanga ukuvuvukala okuhlala isikhathi eside komgudu wokugaya ukudla.

Umgudu wokugaya ukudla uqukethe umlomo, umqhizo, isisu, amathumbu amancane, namathumbu amakhulu. Inesibopho sokwephula ukudla, ukukhipha izakhamzimba, nokususa noma iyiphi impahla engasebenziseki nemikhiqizo kadoti.

Ukuvuvukala noma yikuphi lapho kugaywa khona kuphazamisa le nqubo ejwayelekile. I-IBD ingaba buhlungu kakhulu futhi iphazamise, futhi kwezinye izimo, ingasongela nokuphila.

Funda konke mayelana ne-IBD, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo, ukuthi kubangelwa yini, izinkinga, nokuningi.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezifo ezivuthayo zamathumbu?

Izifo eziningi zifakiwe kuleli gama lesambulela se-IBD. Izifo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu yi-ulcerative colitis nesifo sikaCrohn.

Isifo sikaCrohn singadala ukuvuvukala kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomgudu wokugaya ukudla. Kodwa-ke, kuthinta kakhulu ukuphela komsila wamathumbu amancane.

I-ulcerative colitis ifaka ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu amakhulu.

Yini ebangela ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu?

Imbangela ngqo ye-IBD ayaziwa. Kodwa-ke, izakhi zofuzo nezinkinga zesistimu yokuzivikela komzimba zihlotshaniswe ne-IBD.

Izakhi zofuzo

Kungenzeka ube nethuba lokuthuthukisa i-IBD uma unengane yakini noma umzali onalesi sifo. Yingakho ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi i-IBD ingaba nengxenye yezakhi zofuzo.

Amasosha omzimba

Amasosha omzimba nawo angadlala indima ku-IBD.

Imvamisa amasosha omzimba avikela umzimba ezifweni (izinto ezibanga izifo nezifo). Ukutheleleka ngegciwane noma kwegciwane kwendlela yokugaya ukudla kungadala ukuphendula komzimba.

Njengoba umzimba uzama ukulwa nabahlaseli, umgudu wokugaya ukudla uyavuvukala. Lapho ukutheleleka sekuphelile, ukuvuvukala kuyaphela. Leyo impendulo enempilo.

Kubantu abane-IBD, noma kunjalo, ukuvuvukala kwendlela yokugaya kungenzeka ngisho noma kungekho ukutheleleka. Amasosha omzimba ahlasela amangqamuzana omzimba uqobo esikhundleni salokho. Lokhu kwaziwa njengempendulo ezenzakalelayo.

I-IBD nayo ingenzeka lapho ukuvuvukala kungapheli ngemuva kokuthola ukwelashwa. Ukuvuvukala kungaqhubeka izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka.

Yiziphi izinto ezinobungozi zokuthuthukisa isifo samathumbu esivuthayo?

ICrohn’s & Colitis Foundation of America (CCFA) ilinganisela ukuthi abantu abayizigidi eziyi-1.6 e-United States bane-IBD.

Izici ezinobungozi ezinkulu zokuthuthukisa isifo sikaCrohn nesifo sezilonda emathunjini zifaka:

Ukubhema

Ukubhema kungenye yezimbangela eziyinhloko zokuthuthukisa isifo sikaCrohn.

Ukubhema kubhebhethekisa nobuhlungu nezinye izimpawu zesifo sikaCrohn futhi kwandisa ubungozi bezinkinga. Kodwa-ke, i-ulcerative colitis ithinta kakhulu abangabhemi nalabo ababhemayo.

Ubuhlanga

I-IBD ikhona kubo bonke abantu. Kodwa-ke, izinhlanga ezithile ezinjengoCaucasus nama-Ashkenazi amaJuda zisengozini enkulu.

Ubudala

I-IBD ingenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kodwa ezimweni eziningi, iqala ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-35.

Umlando womndeni

Abantu abanomzali, ingane yakini, noma ingane ene-IBD basengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuzithuthukisa bona ngokwabo.

Isifunda sendawo

Abantu abahlala emadolobheni kanye nasemazweni athuthukile banengozi enkulu yokuthola i-IBD.

Labo abanemisebenzi yamakhola amhlophe nabo banamathuba amaningi okuthi babe nalesi sifo. Lokhu kungachazwa ngokwengxenye ngokukhetha indlela yokuphila kanye nokudla.

Abantu abahlala emazweni athuthukile bathambekele ekudleni amafutha amaningi nokudla okwenziwe. I-IBD ibuye ivame kakhulu kubantu abahlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, lapho kuvame ukubanda khona.

Ubulili

Ngokuvamile, i-IBD ithinta bobabili abesilisa ngokulingana. I-ulcerative colitis ivame kakhulu emadodeni, kanti isifo sikaCrohn sivame kakhulu kwabesifazane.

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sokuvuvukala kwamathumbu?

Izimpawu ze-IBD ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngendawo nobukhulu bokuvuvukala, kepha zingafaka:

• isifo sohudo, esenzeka lapho izingxenye ezithintekile zamathumbu zingakwazi ukubuyisela amanzi kabusha
• izilonda ezophayo, ezingadala ukuthi igazi libonakale esitokisini (hematochezia)
• ubuhlungu besisu, ukuqunjelwa, nokuqunjelwa ngenxa yokuvaleka kwamathumbu
• ukwehla kwesisindo kanye ne-anemia, okungadala ukukhula noma ukukhula kwezingane kubambezeleke

Abantu abanesifo sikaCrohn bangathola nezilonda zomkhuhlane emilonyeni yabo. Kwesinye isikhathi izilonda nezimfucumfucu nakho kuvela ngasendaweni yobulili noma endunu.

I-IBD nayo ingahlotshaniswa nezinkinga ezingaphandle kohlelo lokugaya ukudla, njenge:

• ukuvuvukala kweso
• ukuphazamiseka kwesikhumba
• isifo samathambo

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona zesifo samathumbu esivuthayo?

Izinkinga ezingenzeka ze-IBD zifaka:

• ukungondleki okubangelwa ukunciphisa isisindo
• umdlavuza wamathumbu
• ama-fistula, noma izilonda ezidlula odongeni lwamathumbu, okwenza imbobo phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukahlukene zomgudu wokugaya ukudla
• ukuqhekeka kwamathumbu, noma ukugcotshwa
• ukuvimbelwa kwamathumbu

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukuqhuma okukhulu kwe-IBD kungakwenza ukwethuke. Lokhu kungasongela impilo. Ukushaqeka kuvame ukubangelwa ukopha phakathi nesiqephu sohudo esinegazi, esinde ngokuzuma.

Sitholakala kanjani isifo samathumbu esivuthayo?

Ukuxilonga i-IBD, udokotela wakho uzoqala akubuze imibuzo ngomlando wezokwelapha womndeni wakho nokuhamba kwamathumbu akho.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba kungalandelwa ukuhlolwa okukodwa noma okuningi kokuxilongwa.

Isampula yesitokisi nokuhlolwa kwegazi

Lezi zivivinyo zingasetshenziswa ukubheka ukutheleleka nezinye izifo.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi futhi kwesinye isikhathi kungasetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwesifo sikaCrohn nesifo sezilonda emathunjini. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukodwa akunakusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-IBD.

I-Barium enema

I-enemaum ye-barium ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray yamathumbu namathumbu amancane. Esikhathini esedlule, lolu hlobo lokuhlola beluvame ukusetshenziswa, kepha manje olunye uvivinyo selukufake kakhulu.

I-sigmoidoscopy eguqukayo ne-colonoscopy

Lezi zinqubo zisebenzisa ikhamera ekugcineni komphenyi omncane, ovumelana nezimo ukubheka ikholoni.

Ikhamera ifakwe nge-anus. Ivumela udokotela wakho ukuthi afune izilonda, ama-fistula, nokunye ukulimala ku-rectum kanye ne-colon.

I-colonoscopy ingahlola bonke ubude bamathumbu amakhulu. I-sigmoidoscopy ihlola kuphela amasentimitha angama-20 wokugcina wamathumbu amakhulu - i-sigmoid colon.

Ngesikhathi salezi zinqubo, kwesinye isikhathi kuzothathwa isampula encane yodonga lwamathumbu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-biopsy. Ukuhlola le biopsy ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu kungasetshenziswa ukuxilonga i-IBD.

I-capsule endoscopy

Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlola amathumbu amancane, okunzima kakhulu ukuwahlola kunamathumbu amakhulu. Ekuhlolweni, ugwinya iphilisi elincane eliqukethe ikhamera.

Njengoba ihamba emathunjini akho amancane, ithatha izithombe. Uma usudlulise ikhamera esitokisini sakho, izithombe ziyabonakala kukhompyutha.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kusetshenziswa kuphela lapho ezinye izivivinyo zehlulekile ukuthola imbangela yezimpawu zesifo sikaCrohn.

Ifilimu engenalutho noma i-X-ray

I-X-ray esiswini esisobala isetshenziswa ezimeni eziphuthumayo lapho kusolwa khona ukuqhuma kwamathumbu.

I-Computer tomography (CT) ne-magnetic resonance imaging (i-MRI)

Izikena ze-CT ngokuyisisekelo zenziwa ngama-X-ray asekhompyutheni. Bakha isithombe esinemininingwane eminingi kune-X-ray ejwayelekile. Lokhu kubenza babe wusizo ekuhloleni amathumbu amancane. Bangakwazi futhi ukuthola izinkinga ze-IBD.

Ama-MRIs asebenzisa amandla kazibuthe ukwakha izithombe zomzimba. Ziphephile kune-X-ray. Ama-MRIs ayasiza kakhulu ekuhlolweni kwezicubu ezithambile nasekutholweni kwama-fistula.

Kokubili ukuskena kwe-MRIs ne-CT kungasetshenziswa ukuthola ukuthi amathumbu athinteka kangakanani yi-IBD.

Selashwa kanjani isifo samathumbu?

Kunezindlela zokwelashwa ezahlukahlukene ze-IBD.

Imithi

Izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala yisinyathelo sokuqala ekwelashweni kwe-IBD. Le mithi inciphisa ukuvuvukala kwendlela yokugaya ukudla. Noma kunjalo, banemiphumela emibi eminingi.

Izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala ezisetshenziselwa i-IBD zifaka i-standard-dose mesalamine, i-sulfasalazine kanye nemikhiqizo yayo, kanye ne-corticosteroids.

Ama-immune suppressants (noma ama-immunomodulators) avimbela amasosha omzimba ekuhlaseleni amathumbu futhi abangele ukuvuvukala.

Leli qembu lifaka phakathi izidakamizwa ezivimba i-TNF. I-TNF yikhemikhali elenziwa amasosha omzimba abangela ukuvuvukala. I-TNF eyeqile egazini ivame ukuvinjelwa, kepha kubantu abane-IBD, amazinga aphezulu we-TNF angaholela ekuvukeleni okwengeziwe.

Omunye umuthi, i-tofacitinib (Xeljanz), inketho entsha esebenza ngendlela eyingqayizivele yokwehlisa ukuvuvukala.

Ama-immune suppressants angaba nemiphumela emibi eminingi, kufaka phakathi ukuqubuka kanye nokutheleleka.

Ama-antibiotic asetshenziselwa ukubulala amabhaktheriya angaqala noma akhulise izimpawu ze-IBD.

Izidakamizwa zokulwa nesifo sohudo kanye nama-laxatives nazo zingasetshenziswa ukwelapha izimpawu ze-IBD.

Thenga ama-laxatives manje.

Izindlela zokuphila

Ukukhetha indlela yokuphila kubalulekile uma une-IBD.

Ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi kusiza ukubuyisela kulabo abalahlekile esitokisini sakho. Ukugwema imikhiqizo yobisi nezimo ezicindezelayo nakho kuthuthukisa izimpawu.

Ukuvivinya nokuyeka ukubhema kungathuthukisa impilo yakho.

Izithasiselo

Izithako zevithamini nezamaminerali zingasiza ngokushoda kokudla okunempilo. Isibonelo, izengezo zensimbi zingelapha i-anemia.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokungeza noma iziphi izengezo ezintsha ekudleni kwakho. Thola izithasiselo zensimbi online.

Ukuhlinzwa

Ukuhlinzwa kwesinye isikhathi kungadingeka kubantu abane-IBD. Okunye ukuhlinzwa kwe-IBD kufaka:

• solidureplasty ukunweba amathumbu anciphile
• ukuvalwa noma ukususwa kwamafistula
• ukususwa kwezingxenye ezithintekile zamathumbu, kubantu abanesifo sikaCrohn
• ukususwa kwayo yonke ikholoni ne-rectum, yamacala abucayi e-ulcerative colitis

I-colonoscopy ejwayelekile isetshenziselwa ukuqapha umdlavuza wekoloni, ngoba labo abane-IBD basengozini enkulu yokuyithuthukisa.

Singavinjelwa kanjani isifo sokuvuvukala?

Izimbangela zofuzo ze-IBD azikwazi ukuvinjelwa. Noma kunjalo, ungakwazi ukunciphisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-IBD noma ukuvimbela ukubuyela emuva ngo:

• ukudla ukudla okunempilo
• ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo
• ukuyeka ukubhema

I-IBD ingadala ukungaphatheki kahle, kepha kunezindlela ongasilawula ngazo lesi sifo bese uhlala impilo enempilo, esebenzayo.

Kungasiza futhi ukukhuluma nabanye abakuqondayo obhekene nakho. I-IBD Healthline wuhlelo lokusebenza lwamahhala olukuxhumanisa nabanye abaphila ne-IBD ngokusebenzisa imilayezo yomuntu ngamunye kanye nezingxoxo zeqembu elibukhoma, ngenkathi futhi unikeza nokufinyelela kulwazi oluvunyiwe ngongoti ekuphatheni i-IBD. Landa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-iPhone noma i-Android.

Vakashela i-Crohn's & Colitis Foundation ukuthola izinsiza nolwazi oluthe xaxa nge-IBD, kufaka phakathi isifo sikaCrohn nesifo sezilonda emathunjini.