Ukuqonda Ukwelashwa Kokungeniswa Kwe-Multiple Sclerosis

-Delile

• I-Q & A: Ukuphatha ukwelashwa kokufakwa
• Q:
• A:
• Imithi yokwelapha ukumnika
• I-Alemtuzumab (Lemtrada)
• I-Natalizumab (Tysabri)
• I-Mitoxantrone hydrochloride
• I-Ocrelizumab (Ocrevus)
• Imiphumela emibi yenqubo yokumnika
• Imiphumela emibi yezidakamizwa zokumnika
• I-Alemtuzumab
• UNatalizumab
• I-Mitoxantrone hydrochloride
• Ocrelizumab
• Khuluma nodokotela wakho

Ukwelapha i-multiple sclerosis (MS)

I-Multiple sclerosis (MS) isifo esizimele esithinta isistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi (CNS).

Nge-MS, amasosha akho omzimba ahlasela ngephutha izinzwa zakho futhi abhubhise i-myelin, ukumboza kwazo okuvikelayo. Uma ishiywe ingalashwa, i-MS ekugcineni ingabhubhisa yonke i-myelin ezungeze izinzwa zakho. Ngemuva kwalokho ingaqala ukulimaza izinzwa uqobo.

Alikho ikhambi le-MS, kodwa kunezinhlobo eziningana zokwelashwa. Kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa kunganciphisa ijubane le-MS. Ukwelashwa kungasiza futhi ekunciphiseni izimpawu futhi kunciphise nomonakalo ongaba khona owenziwe yi-MS flare-ups. Ama-flare-up yizikhathi lapho unezimpawu.

Kodwa-ke, uma ukuhlasela sekuqalile, ungadinga olunye uhlobo lomuthi obizwa ngokuthi i-modifier disease. Ukulungiswa kwezifo kungashintsha indlela lesi sifo esiziphatha ngayo. Futhi zingasiza ekunciphiseni ukuqhubeka kwe-MS futhi zinciphise ama-flare-ups.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha eziguqula izifo ziza njengemithi efakiwe. Lezi zindlela zokwelashwa zingasiza kakhulu abantu abane-MS abanolaka noma abaphambili. Funda ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngale mithi nokuthi isiza kanjani ukuphatha i-MS.

I-Q & A: Ukuphatha ukwelashwa kokufakwa

Q:

Kunikezwa kanjani ukwelashwa kokumnika?

A:

Le mithi ijojowe ngomjovo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ubamukela ngomthambo wakho. Kodwa-ke, awuyijova le mithi ngokwakho. Ungathola kuphela le mithi kumhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo esikhungweni sokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Imithi yokwelapha ukumnika

Namuhla kunezidakamizwa ezine ezingafakwa zokwelapha i-MS.

I-Alemtuzumab (Lemtrada)

Odokotela banikeza i-alemtuzumab (Lemtrada) kubantu abangaphendulanga kahle kweminye imithi emibili ye-MS.

Lesi sidakamizwa sisebenza ngokunciphisa kancane inani lomzimba wakho lama-lymphocyte ka-T no-B, okuyizinhlobo zamaseli amhlophe egazi (ama-WBCs). Lesi senzo singanciphisa ukuvuvukala nokulimala kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa.

Uthola lo muthi kanye ngosuku izinsuku ezinhlanu. Ngemuva konyaka owodwa ukwelashwa kwakho kokuqala, uthola umuthi kanye ngosuku izinsuku ezintathu.

I-Natalizumab (Tysabri)

INatalizumab (Tysabri) isebenza ngokumisa amaseli omzimba alimazayo angangeni ebuchosheni bakho nasentanjeni yomgogodla. Uthola lo muthi kanye njalo emavikini amane.

I-Mitoxantrone hydrochloride

IMitoxantrone hydrochloride iyindlela yokwelashwa nge-MS kanye nomuthi wokwelapha ngamakhemikhali osetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza.

Kungasebenza kangcono kubantu abane-MS yesibili eqhubekayo (i-SPMS) noma i-MS ekhula ngokushesha. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi i-immunosuppressant, okusho ukuthi isebenza ukumisa ukusabela kwamasosha akho omzimba ekuhlaselweni kwe-MS. Lo mphumela unganciphisa izimpawu ze-MS flare-up.

Uthola lo muthi kanye njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu ngomthamo wokuqoqeka wokuphila (140 mg / m²) lokho kungafinyelelwa kungakapheli iminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu.Ngenxa yengozi yemiphumela emibi kakhulu, kunconywa kuphela kubantu abane-MS enamandla.

I-Ocrelizumab (Ocrevus)

I-Ocrelizumab iyindlela yokwelashwa emisha kakhulu ye-MS. Kwavunywa yi-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ngo-2017.

I-Ocrelizumab isetshenziselwa ukwelapha amafomu okubuyela emuva noma okuthuthukayo e-MS. Eqinisweni, kungumuthi wokuqala ovunyelwe ukwelapha i-MS ehamba phambili eyinhloko (PPMS).

Lo muthi kucatshangwa ukuthi usebenza ngokukhomba ama-lymphocyte B abhekene nomonakalo nokulungiswa kwe-myelin sheath.

Ekuqaleni inikezwa ngama-infusions amabili angama-300-milligram, ahlukaniswe amasonto amabili. Ngemuva kwalokho, inikezwa ngama-600-milligram infusions njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.

Imiphumela emibi yenqubo yokumnika

Inqubo yokumnika uqobo ingadala imiphumela emibi, engafaka:

• ukulinyazwa noma ukopha endaweni yomjovo
• ukuqhuma, noma ukubomvu nokufudumala kwesikhumba sakho
• Ukugodola
• isicanucanu

Ungaba futhi ne-infusion reaction. Lokhu ukusabela kwezidakamizwa esikhumbeni sakho.

Kuzo zonke lezi zidakamizwa, ukusabela kokumnika kungenzeka kwenzeke emahoreni amabili okuqala okuphathwa, kepha ukusabela kungenzeka kuze kube ngamahora angama-24 kamuva. Izimpawu zingafaka:

• isifuba
• amabala anezikhumba esikhunjeni sakho
• ukufudumala noma umkhuhlane
• ukuqubuka

Imiphumela emibi yezidakamizwa zokumnika

Umuthi ngamunye ofakiwe unemiphumela yawo emibi engaba khona.

I-Alemtuzumab

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile yalesi sidakamizwa ingafaka:

• ukuqubuka
• ikhanda
• imfiva
• umkhuhlane ovamile
• isicanucanu
• ukutheleleka kwe-urinary tract (UTI)
• ukukhathala

Lesi sidakamizwa singadala nemiphumela emibi kakhulu, futhi engaba yingozi. Zingafaka:

• ukusabela okuzenzakalelayo, njenge-Guillain-Barré syndrome nokwehluleka komzimba
• umdlavuza
• ukuphazamiseka kwegazi

UNatalizumab

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile yalesi sidakamizwa ingafaka:

• izifo
• ukusabela okweqile
• ikhanda
• ukukhathala
• ukudana

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ingafaka:

• ukutheleleka kobuchopho okungajwayelekile nokubulala okubizwa nge-progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
• izinkinga zesibindi, ezinezimpawu ezinjengalezi:
  • ukuphuzi kwesikhumba sakho noma okumhlophe kwamehlo akho
  • umchamo omnyama noma onsundu (ombala wetiye)
  • ubuhlungu ohlangothini olungakwesokudla phezulu kwesisu sakho
  • ukopha noma ukulinyazwa okwenzeka kalula kunokujwayelekile
  • ukukhathala

I-Mitoxantrone hydrochloride

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile yalesi sidakamizwa ingafaka:

• amazinga aphansi e-WBC, angakhuphula ubungozi bokutheleleka
• ukudana
• ubuhlungu bamathambo
• isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
• ukulahleka kwezinwele
• UTI
• i-amenorrhea, noma ukungabi khona kwezikhathi zokuya esikhathini

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ingafaka:

• ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo (CHF)
• ukwehluleka kwezinso

Ukuthola lesi sidakamizwa ngokweqile kukubeka engozini yemiphumela emibi engaba nobuthi kakhulu emzimbeni wakho, ngakho-ke i-mitoxantrone kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela ezimweni ezinzima ze-MS. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-CHF, ukwehluleka kwezinso, noma izindaba zegazi. Udokotela wakho uzokubheka eduze kakhulu ukuze uthole izimpawu zemiphumela emibi ngenkathi welashwa ngalo muthi.

Ocrelizumab

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile yalesi sidakamizwa ingafaka:

• izifo
• ukumnika ukusabela

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ingafaka:

• PML
• ukwenza kusebenze kabusha i-hepatitis B noma i-shingles, uma isivele isesistimu yakho
• amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka
• umdlavuza, kufaka phakathi umdlavuza webele

Kwezinye izimo, udokotela wakho angase asikisele ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zokumnika. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukubuyela emuva okungaphenduli kuma-corticosteroids. Kubandakanya i-plasmapheresis, okubandakanya ukususa igazi emzimbeni wakho, ukulihlunga ukuze ususe amasosha omzimba okungenzeka ahlasela isistimu yakho yezinzwa, nokuthumela igazi "elihlanziwe" emzimbeni wakho ngokumpontshelwa. Kubandakanya ne-immunoglobulin (IVIG) efakwa emthanjeni, umjovo osiza ukukhulisa amasosha akho omzimba.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho

Ukwelashwa kokumnika kungaba yindlela enhle yokusiza ekwelapheni izimpawu ze-MS kanye nama-flare-ups. Kodwa-ke, le mithi ayilungele wonke umuntu. Bathwala ubungozi bezinkinga ezingandile kodwa ezinzima. Noma kunjalo, abantu abaningi bakuthole kuwusizo.

Uma une-MS eqhubekayo noma ufuna indlela engcono yokuphatha izimpawu zakho, buza udokotela wakho mayelana nokwelashwa kokumnika. Bangakusiza unqume ukuthi ngabe le mithi ingaba yindlela enhle yini kuwe.