Ukuphazamiseka Kokuqhuma Okungapheli

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu?
• Kutholakala kanjani?
• Kubangelwa yini futhi ubani osengozini?
• Ilashwa kanjani?
• Ukwelashwa
• Imithi
• Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha
• Yiziphi izinkinga?
• Ukuvimbela ukuzibulala
  
• Bheka isazi sezempilo

Yini inkinga yokuqhuma ngezikhathi ezithile?

Isifo sokuqhuma okungapheli (IED) yisimo esifaka phakathi ukuqhuma okungazelelwe kokufutheka, ulaka, noma udlame. Lokhu kusabela kuvame ukungabi nangqondo noma kungahambisani nesimo.

Ngenkathi abantu abaningi behlulwa ukuthukuthela kwabo ngezikhathi ezithile, i-IED ibandakanya ukuqhuma okuphindaphindiwe. Abantu abane-IED bangaphonsa intukuthelo, bachithe impahla, noma bahlasele abanye ngamazwi noma ngokomzimba.

Funda ukuze ufunde ezinye izimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-IED.

Ziyini izimpawu?

Iziqephu ezingacabangi, ezinolaka ezibonisa i-IED zingathatha izinhlobo eziningi. Ezinye izindlela zokuziphatha ezingaba yizimpawu ze-IED zifaka:

• bememeza futhi bememeza
• izimpikiswano ezinamandla
• intukuthelo nolaka
• izinsongo
• udlame lwasemgwaqeni
• ukubhoboza izindonga noma ukuphula amapuleti
• ukulimaza impahla
• udlame lwasemzimbeni, njengokushaya ngempama noma ukushova
• izimpi noma ukulwa
• udlame lwasekhaya
• ukuhlasela

Lezi ziphonso noma ukuhlaselwa kaningi kwenzeka ngaphandle kwesixwayiso esincane. Ziphila isikhathi esifushane, azivamisile ukuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yehora. Zingabonakala eceleni kwezimpawu zomzimba, njenge:

• amandla akhuphukile (i-adrenaline rush)
• ikhanda noma ingcindezi yekhanda
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo
• ukuqina kwesifuba
• ukungezwani kwemisipha
• ukuncinza
• ukuthuthumela

Imizwa yokucasuka, ukufutheka, nokulahlekelwa ukulawula kubikwa kakhulu ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi sesiqephu. Abantu abane-IED bangathola imicabango yokujaha noma umuzwa wokuzibandakanya ngokomzwelo. Ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho, bangazizwa bekhathele noma bekhululekile. Abantu abane-IED bavame ukubika imizwa yokuzisola noma yecala kulandela isiqephu.

Kwabanye abantu abane-IED, lezi ziqephu zenzeka njalo. Kwabanye, kwenzeka ngemuva kwamasonto- noma izinyanga ezinde ezinde zokuziphatha okungacasuki. Ukuqhuma komlomo kungenzeka phakathi kwezenzo zodlame lomzimba.

Kutholakala kanjani?

Uhlelo olusha lweDiagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) lufaka izindlela zokuhlola ezibuyekeziwe ze-IED. Umbandela omusha uhlukanisa phakathi:

• iziqephu ezivame kakhulu zokuhlukumeza ngamazwi ngaphandle kokulimaza ngokomzimba abantu noma impahla
• izenzo ezingajwayelekile zokuziphatha okulimazayo noma okuhlaselayo okudala ukulimala kwabantu noma impahla

Isifo esivezwa ngokuziphatha okungacabangi futhi sinolaka sivele kuzo zonke izinhlelo zeDSM. Kodwa-ke, yaqala ukubizwa nge-IED kunguqulo yesithathu. Ngaphambi kokushicilelwa kwesithathu, bekukholelwa ukuthi akuvamile. Ngemigomo yokuxilonga ebuyekeziwe nentuthuko ocwaningweni lwe-IED, manje sekukholelwa ukuthi ivame kakhulu.

Ngo-2005, kwatholakala ukuthi amaphesenti angu-6.3 wabantu abangu-1,300 abafuna ukunakekelwa kwenkinga yezempilo yengqondo ahlangabezana nenqubo ye-DSM-5 IED ngesikhathi esithile sokuphila kwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphesenti angu-3.1 ahlangabezane nenqubo yokuxilongwa kwamanje.

Umuntu ongu-9,282 kusuka ku-2006 uthole ukuthi amaphesenti ayi-7.3 ahlangabezane nenqubo ye-DSM-5 ye-IED ngesikhathi esithile esaphila, kanti amaphesenti angu-3.9 ahlangabezana nemibandela ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezedlule.

Kubangelwa yini futhi ubani osengozini?

Kuncane okwaziwayo ukuthi yini ebanga i-IED. Isizathu kungenzeka ukuthi siyinhlanganisela yezici zofuzo nezemvelo. Izici zofuzo zifaka izakhi zofuzo ezisuka kumzali ziye enganeni. Izici zemvelo zifaka phakathi isimilo umuntu avezwa yiso njengengane.

I-chemistry yobuchopho nayo ingadlala indima. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi isimilo esiphindaphindayo nesinolaka sihlotshaniswa namazinga aphansi e-serotonin ebuchosheni.

Ungaba sengozini eyengeziwe yokuthuthukisa i-IED uma:

• ngabesilisa
• bangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40
• ukhulele ekhaya elihlukumezwayo noma elihlukumezanayo
• uhlangabezane nezehlakalo eziningi ezihlukumezayo eseyingane
• unokunye ukugula ngengqondo okubangela ukungaziphathi kahle noma inkinga, njengoku:
  • ukunakekelwa-ukusilela kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo (ADHD)
  • ukungahambisani nobuntu
  • ukuphazamiseka kobuntu bomngcele

Ilashwa kanjani?

Kunezindlela zokwelashwa eziningi ze-IED. Isikhathi esiningi kusetshenziswa imishanguzo engaphezu kweyodwa.

Ukwelashwa

Ukubona umeluleki, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, noma owelapha yedwa noma kusethingi yeqembu kungasiza umuntu ukuphatha izimpawu ze-IED.

Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT) wuhlobo lokwelashwa okubandakanya ukukhomba amaphethini ayingozi nokusebenzisa amakhono okubhekana nezinkinga, amasu okuphumula, nokubuyela emuva emfundweni ukuze ubhekane nezifiso ezinolaka.

Ucwaningo lwango-2008 lwathola ukuthi amasonto ayi-12 e-CBT ngamanye noma eqembu anciphisa izimpawu ze-IED kufaka phakathi ulaka, ukulawula intukuthelo nobutha. Lokhu kwakuyiqiniso phakathi nokwelashwa nangemva kwezinyanga ezintathu.

Imithi

Ayikho imishanguzo ethile ye-IED, kepha imishanguzo ethile ingasiza ekwehliseni ukungacabangi noma ulaka. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• imishanguzo, ikakhulukazi i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors ekhethiwe (SSRIs)
• izimo zokuqinisa imizwa, kufaka phakathi i-lithium, i-valproic acid, ne-carbamazepine
• imishanguzo elwa nezengqondo
• izidakamizwa zokulwa nokukhathazeka

Ukucwaninga ngemithi ye-IED kunqunyelwe. Ucwaningo lwango-2009 luthole ukuthi i-SSRI fluoxetine, eyaziwa kakhulu ngegama layo elithi Prozac, inciphise isimilo sokucindezela nabanolaka phakathi kwabantu abane-IED.

Kungathatha izinyanga ezintathu ukwelashwa ukuzwa imiphumela ephelele ye-SSRI, futhi izimpawu zivame ukuvela futhi lapho umuthi umisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akubona bonke abantu abaphendula imithi.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha

Zimbalwa izifundo ezihlolisise ukusebenza kwezinye izindlela zokwelashwa kanye nezinguquko zendlela yokuphila ye-IED. Noma kunjalo, kukhona ukungenelela okuningana okungenzeka kube nomthelela omubi. Ezinye zazo zifaka:

• ukwamukela ukudla okunomsoco
• ukulala ngokwanele
• ukuhlala usebenza
• ukugwema utshwala, izidakamizwa, nogwayi
• ukunciphisa nokulawula imithombo yengcindezi
• ukwenza isikhathi semisebenzi yokuphumula, njengokulalela umculo
• ukwenza ukuzindla noma amanye amasu okucabanga
• ukuzama ezinye izindlela zokwelapha, njenge-acupressure, i-acupuncture, noma i-massage

Yiziphi izinkinga?

IED ingathinta ubudlelwano bakho obuseduze nemisebenzi yansuku zonke. Ukuphikisana njalo nokuziphatha okunolaka kungenza kube nzima ukugcina ubudlelwane obuzinzile nobusekelayo. Iziqephu ze-IED zingadala ukulimala okukhulu emindenini.

Ungase futhi ube nemiphumela ngemuva kokuziphatha ngolaka emsebenzini, esikoleni, noma emgwaqeni. Ukulahleka komsebenzi, ukuxoshwa esikoleni, izingozi zezimoto, nemiphumela yezezimali neyezomthetho konke lokhu kungaba yizinkinga.

Abantu abane-IED basengozini enkulu yokuba nezinye izindaba zezempilo yengqondo nengokomzimba. Ezinye zazo zifaka:

• ukudana
• ukukhathazeka
• I-ADHD
• ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala noma izidakamizwa
• ezinye izindlela eziyingozi noma zokuxhamazela, njengokugembula okunenkinga noma ucansi olungaphephile
• ukuphazamiseka kokudla
• ikhanda elingapheli
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• isifo sikashukela
• Isifo senhliziyo
• unhlangothi
• ubuhlungu obungapheli
• izilonda
• ukuzilimaza nokuzibulala

Ukuvimbela ukuzibulala

1. Uma ucabanga ukuthi othile usengozini ngokushesha yokuzilimaza noma ukulimaza omunye umuntu:
2. • Shayela ku-911 noma inombolo yakho ephuthumayo yasendaweni.
3. • Hlala nalo muntu kuze kufike usizo.
4. • Susa noma yiziphi izibhamu, imimese, imishanguzo, noma ezinye izinto ezingadala ingozi.
5. • Lalela, kodwa ungahluleli, uphikise, usongele noma umemeze.
6. Uma wena noma omunye umuntu omaziyo ecabanga ukuzibulala, thola usizo enhlekeleleni noma ku-hotline yokuvimbela ukuzibulala. Zama i-National Suicide Prevention Lifeline ku-800-273-8255.

Bheka isazi sezempilo

Abantu abaningi abane-IED abayifuni imishanguzo. Kepha cishe akunakwenzeka ukuvimbela iziqephu ze-IED ngaphandle kosizo lochwepheshe.

Uma usola ukuthi une-IED, yenza isikhathi sokubonana nodokotela noma omunye uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo. Uma uzizwa ungazilimaza wena noma omunye umuntu, shayela u-911 ngokushesha.

Uma usebudlelwaneni nomuntu osola ukuthi une-IED, ungacela umuntu omthandayo ukuthi afune usizo. Noma kunjalo, azikho iziqinisekiso zokuthi bazokwenza. I-IED akufanele isetshenziswe njengezaba zokuziphatha okunolaka noma okunodlame kuwe.

Yenza ukuvikela kwakho nezingane zakho kube yinto eza kuqala kuwe. Funda ukuthi ungazilungiselela kanjani isimo esiphuthumayo futhi uthole usizo ngokushayela Inombolo Kazwelonke Yodlame Lwasekhaya ku-800-799-SAFE (800-799-7233) noma uvakashele iwebhusayithi yabo.