Ingabe Umdlavuza Wesinye Uyasebenza Emindenini?

-Delile

• Izimbangela
• Izici zobungozi
• Isigameko
• Izimpawu
• Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wesinye
• Izinqubo zokuhlola
• Ukwelashwa
• Umbono
• Izinyathelo ezilandelayo

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza ezingathinta isinye. Akuvamile ukuthi umdlavuza wesinye ugijime emindenini, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zingaba nesixhumanisi sefuzo.

Ukuba nelungu lomndeni elilodwa noma amaningi anomdlavuza wesinye akusho ukuthi uzothola lesi sifo. Yize ufuzo lungadlala indima, ezinye izinto ezithinta ubungozi bakho, njengokukhetha indlela yokuphila, zingaphansi kolawulo lwakho.

Izimbangela

Ukubhema kuyiphinda kathathu ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesinye. Ingxenye yawo wonke umdlavuza wesinye ixhunyaniswe nokubhema.

Abanye abantu abanomdlavuza wesinye banokuguquka okungajwayelekile kuhlobo lwe-RB1. Lesi sakhi singadala i-retinoblastoma, umdlavuza wamehlo. Kungase futhi kwandise ingozi yomdlavuza wesinye. Lokhu kuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kungazuzwa njengefa.

Amanye ama-syndromes ezakhi zofuzo angavamile angandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesinye. Esinye yi-Cowden syndrome, ebangela ukukhula okungekho komdlavuza okubizwa ngama-hamartomas. Esinye yisifo i-Lynch syndrome, esihlotshaniswa kakhulu nengozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza wamathumbu.

Izici zobungozi

Kunezinto eziningi ezingaba yingozi yomdlavuza wesinye, kufaka phakathi okulandelayo:

Ukukhubazeka kokuzala kwesinye: Iziphambeko ezimbili ezingavamile zokuzalwa zingandisa ingozi. Eyodwa insali ye-urachus. I-urachus ixhuma inkinobho yakho yesisu esinyeni sakho ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Imane inyamalale ingakazalwa. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ingxenye yayo ingahlala futhi ibe nomdlavuza.

Enye i-exstrophy, eyenzeka lapho isinye nodonga lwesisu ngaphambi kwaso kuhlangana ngesikhathi sokukhula kombungu. Lokho kudala ukuthi udonga lwesinye lube ngaphandle futhi luvezwe obala. Ngisho nangemva kokulungiswa kokuhlinzwa, lokhu kukhubazeka kwandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesinye.

Ngaphambi kokuxilongwa komdlavuza: Umlando womuntu siqu womdlavuza wesinye kwandisa amathuba okuthola lesi sifo futhi. Ukuba nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, njengomdlavuza womgudu womchamo, nakho kungandisa ubungozi.

IzifoUkutheleleka okungamahlalakhona esinyeni noma komchamo kungakhuphula ubungozi, kubandakanya nalezo ezidalwa ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwamakhemikhali esinye.

Izimuncagazi: Ukutheleleka okubangelwa yisibungu esiyisidleke, okubizwa ngokuthi i-schistosomiasis, kuyingozi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu kakhulu e-United States.

Ubuhlanga: Abantu abamhlophe bathola umdlavuza wesinye esinyuka kakhulu kunabantu abaMnyama, amaSpanishi kanye nabase-Asiya.

Ubudala: Ingozi yomdlavuza wesinye inyuka ngokukhula. Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuxilongwa singama-73.

Ubulili: Abesilisa basengozini ephindwe kathathu noma kane yokuthola umdlavuza wesinye kunabesifazane, yize abesifazane ababhemayo bengaba sengozini enkulu kunabesilisa abangabhemi.

Ufuzo: Ukuba nelungu lomndeni eliseduze elinalesi sifo kungakhuphula ubungozi bakho, yize umdlavuza wesinye esivela kuwufuzo ungandile. Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wesinye kungahlangana emindenini evezwe ngokungaguquguquki ezintweni ezifanayo zemvelo, ezifana nentuthu kagwayi noma i-arsenic emanzini. Lokhu kwehlukile ekubeni nesixhumanisi sefa.

Ukubhema: Ukuhlangana phakathi kokubhema ugwayi nomdlavuza wesinye kubalulekile. Ababhemayo bamanje basengozini enkulu kunalabo ababebhema, kodwa ingozi iphezulu kuwo womabili amaqembu kunabantu abangakaze babheme.

Ukuchayeka ngamakhemikhali: Ukuvezwa ubuthi obufana ne-arsenic emanzini okuphuza angcolile kwandisa ubungozi. Abantu abasebenza ngezindwangu, udayi, upende, nemikhiqizo yokuphrinta bangavezwa yi-benzidine namanye amakhemikhali ayingozi axhumene nomdlavuza wesinye. Ukuvezwa okuphawulekayo kwentuthu kadizili nakho kungaba yimbangela.

ImithiUkusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwemithi kadokotela equkethe i-pioglitazone kungakhuphula ubungozi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imithi eminingana esetshenziselwa ukwelapha uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2:

• pioglitazone (Actos)
• i-metformin-pioglitazone (i-Actoplus Met, i-Actoplus Met XR)
• i-glimepiride-pioglitazone (i-Duetact)

Omunye umuthi ongakhuphula ubungozi yi-chemotherapy drug cyclophosphamide.

Ukudla okungamanzi kahle: Abantu abangaphuzi amanzi anele kungenzeka babe nengozi eyengeziwe, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokwakheka kobuthi ngaphakathi kwesinye.

Isigameko

E-United States, cishe abantu abangamaphesenti angu-2.4 batholakala benomdlavuza wesinye isikhathi ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza wesinye. Okuvame kakhulu i-urothelial carcinoma. Lo mdlavuza uqala kumaseli agudla ingaphakathi lesinye futhi abhekele wonke umdlavuza wesinye. Umdlavuza wesinye ovame kakhulu i-squamous cell carcinoma ne-adenocarcinoma.

Izimpawu

Uphawu oluqala kakhulu lomdlavuza wesinye yigazi elisemchameni, noma i-hematuria. Uma unomdlavuza wesinye, umchamo wakho ungabonakala ubomvana, ubomvu ngokugqamile, noma nsundu. Igazi lingabonakala kuphela uma umchamo wakho uhlolwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu.

Ezinye izimpawu zokuqala zifaka:

• ukuhlungu obusemhlane
• ubuhlungu be-pelvic
• ubuhlungu ngesikhathi uchama
• isidingo sokuchama kaningi

Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wesinye

Ukuhlolisiswa umdlavuza wesinye akunconyelwe abantu abanobungozi obumaphakathi.

Abantu abasengozini enkulu kufanele baxoxe ngokuhlolwa okuvamile nodokotela wabo. Ungaba sengozini enkulu uma:

• uthintane njalo namakhemikhali
• bazalwa benenkinga yokuzalwa ehlobene nesinye
• ube nomlando womuntu siqu womdlavuza wesinye
• bayabhema kakhulu

Izinqubo zokuhlola

Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa ukuhlolwa komchamo ukubheka igazi emchameni wakho. Uzodinga ukunikeza isampula yomchamo kulokhu kuhlolwa. Ukuhlolwa komchamo akuhlinzeki ngokuxilongwa komdlavuza wesinye okucacile, kepha kungasetshenziswa njengesinyathelo sokuqala.

Ezinye izivivinyo zokuhlola zifaka:

• I-cytology yomchamo: Lokhu kuhlolwa kubheka amaseli womdlavuza emchameni. Kudinga nesampula yomchamo.
• I-cystoscopy: Phakathi nalolu vivinyo, udokotela wakho ufaka ithubhu encane enelensi ku-urethra yakho ukuze ubone ngaphakathi kwesinye sakho. Kudinga i-anesthesia yendawo.
• Ukuthengiswa kabusha kwe-Transurethral kwesimila sesinye (i-TURBT): Ukwenza lo msebenzi, udokotela wakho usebenzisa i-cystoscope eqinile enentambo yocingo ekugcineni kwayo ukuze asuse izicubu noma izicubu ezingavamile esinyeni. Izicubu bese zithunyelwa ebhodini ukuze zihlolisiswe. Kudinga i-anesthesia ejwayelekile noma i-anesthesia yesifunda. Le nqubo ingasetshenziswa ukwelapha umdlavuza wesisu esiteji sokuqala.
• I-pyelogram efakwa ngaphakathi: Kule nqubo, udokotela wakho ufaka idayi emithanjeni yakho. Bese basebenzisa i-X-ray ukubuka izinso zakho, isinye, nama-ureters.
• Ukuskena kwe-CT: Iskena se-CT sinikeza imininingwane eningiliziwe ebonakalayo mayelana nesinye sakho kanye nomgudu wokuchama.

Uma uthola ukuthi unomdlavuza wesinye, ungadinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuthola isigaba somdlavuza wakho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-x-ray yesifuba, ukuskena kwamathambo, kanye ne-MRI scan.

Ukwelashwa

Uhlobo lokwelashwa oludingayo luncike esiteji nohlobo lomdlavuza wesinye onawo, kanye neminyaka yakho nempilo isiyonke. Ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• ukukhishwa kwesimila sokuhlinzwa, noma ngaphandle kwengxenye yesinye noma ngaphandle kwaso
• i-immunotherapy
• ukuhlinzwa kokukhishwa kwesinye
• ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• imisebe

Umbono

Umdlavuza wesinye ungalapheka ngempumelelo, ikakhulukazi uma utholakala futhi welashwa usaqala. Umbono wakho uncike esiteji nasempilweni yakho yonke ekuxilongweni.

Ngokusho kwe-American Cancer Society, isilinganiso seminyaka emi-5 sokusinda esihlobene nesigaba 1 singamaphesenti angama-88. Lokho kusho ukuthi ithuba lakho lokusinda eminyakeni emi-5 lingamaphesenti angama-88 ukuphakama kunomuntu ongenawo umdlavuza wesinye.

Esigabeni 2, lelo nani lehla laya kumaphesenti angama-63, kanti esigabeni sesi-3, amaphesenti angama-46. Esigabeni 4, noma umdlavuza wesisu we-metastatic, isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu sokusinda singamaphesenti ayi-15.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi lezi zinombolo ziyizilinganiso futhi azikwazi ukubikezela ithuba lakho lokusinda. Uma uba nezimpawu ezibalwe, bheka udokotela wakho khona manjalo ukuze utholakale futhi welashwe kusenesikhathi uma kunesidingo.

Izinyathelo ezilandelayo

Indlela engcono yokugwema izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza wesinye ukuyeka ukubhema. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi uzivikele kubuthi obusendaweni yakho lapho kungenzeka khona. Uma uvamise ukuvezwa amakhemikhali ayingozi emsebenzini, kufanele ugqoke izinto zokuzivikela, njengamagilavu ​​nesifihla-buso sobuso.

Uma ukhathazekile ngesixhumanisi sezakhi zofuzo, khuluma namalungu omndeni wakho. Babuze ngamunye ngomlando onemininingwane wezempilo ofaka imikhuba yokuphila. Qiniseka ukuthi wabelana ngalolu lwazi nodokotela wakho. Uma udokotela wakho enquma ukuthi ingozi yakho iphezulu, babuze ukuthi kufanele yini ube nokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokuhlolwa.