Ingabe Ubuthi Bokudla Buyathathelana?

-Delile

• Izinhlobo zokudla okunoshevu
• 1. Amagciwane
• 2. Amagciwane
• 3. Izimuncagazi
• Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukusabalala kokudla okunoshevu
• Amagciwane
• Igciwane
• Amagciwane
• Uyini umbono wobuthi bokudla?

Ukubuka konke

Ubuthi bokudla, obubizwa nangokuthi ukugula okubangelwa ukudla, kubangelwa ukudla noma ukuphuza ukudla noma iziphuzo ezingcolile. Izimpawu zokufaka ushevu ekudleni ziyahlukahluka kepha zingabandakanya isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, kanye namajaqamba esiswini. Abanye abantu baba nomkhuhlane.

Kubantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-48 abagula ngenxa yezifo ezitholakala ngokudla minyaka yonke e-United States, kuzofa abangu-3 000, ngokusho kuka.

Izimpawu zingakhula kungakapheli amahora noma izinsuku zokudla ukudla okungcolile.

Ubuthi bokudla obubangelwa amagciwane athile, amagciwane, noma izimuncagazi ziyathathelana. Ngakho-ke, uma wena noma ingane yakho unezimpawu zokudla okunoshevu, thatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela nokuvimbela ukusabalala kwesifo.

Kwesinye isikhathi, ushevu wokudla ungumphumela wamakhemikhali noma ubuthi obutholakala ekudleni. Lolu hlobo lobuthi bokudla aluthathwa njengelokutheleleka, ngakho-ke aluthelelani futhi alusabalali lusuka kumuntu luye komunye.

Izinhlobo zokudla okunoshevu

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezifo ezibangelwa ukudla. Iningi lalezi zifo libangelwa okunye kwalokhu okulandelayo.

1. Amagciwane

Amagciwane - okuyizinto ezincane eziphilayo - angangena emgudwini wamathumbu (GI) ngokudla okungcolisiwe futhi alethe izimpawu ezinjengokucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukuhlanza, uhudo, nobuhlungu besisu.

Amagciwane angangcolisa ukudla ngezindlela eziningi:

• Ungathenga ukudla osekuvele konakele noma kungcoliswe amagciwane.
• Ukudla kwakho kungahle kungcoliswe ngesikhathi esithile ngesikhathi kugcinwa noma kulungiswa.

Lokhu kungenzeka uma ungahlambi izandla ngaphambi kokulungisa noma ukuphatha ukudla. Kungenzeka futhi lapho ukudla kuhlangana nendawo engcoliswe ngamagciwane.

Ukugcinwa kokudla okungafanele, njengokugcina ukudla ekamelweni lokushisa noma ngaphandle isikhathi eside kakhulu, nakho kungadala ukuthi amagciwane akhule futhi ande ngokushesha.

Kubalulekile ukufaka esiqandisini noma ukuqandisa ukudla ngemuva kokupheka. Ungadli ukudla okushiywe kuhleli ngaphandle isikhathi eside. Khumbula ukuthi ukudla okungcolile kunganambitha futhi kunuke kahle.

Amagciwane angadala ubuthi ekudleni afaka:

• Salmonella
• Shigella
• E. coli (ezinye izinhlobo, kufaka phakathi E. coli O157: H7)
• IListeria
• Campylobacter jejuni
• I-Staphylococcus aureus (i-staph)

2. Amagciwane

Ubuthi bokudla obubangelwa amagciwane bungadlula busuka kumuntu buye komunye. Igciwane elijwayelekile lokudla yi-norovirus, elibangela ukuvuvukala esiswini nasemathunjini.

I-Hepatitis A ingesinye isifo esidalwa ukudla okuvela egciwaneni. Lokhu ukutheleleka okutheleleka kakhulu kwesibindi kubangela ukuvuvukala kwesibindi. Igciwane le-hepatitis A lingatholakala esitokisini nasegazini labantu abathelelekile.

Uma ungazigezi izandla zakho ngemuva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, kungenzeka ukuthi udlulisele leli gciwane kwabanye ngokuxhawulana nokunye ukuxhumana ngokomzimba. Ungasabalalisa igciwane kwabanye uma ulungisa ukudla noma iziphuzo ngezandla ezingcolile.

Amagciwane atheleleka ngokudla nawo asakazeka ngokuxhumana okungaqondile. Lonke usuku, ungathinta izindawo eziningana ngezandla ezingcolile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-switch switch, izinto zokubala, izingcingo nezibambo zeminyango. Noma ngubani othinta lezi zingaphezulu angagula uma ebeka izandla zakhe emlonyeni wakhe.

Amagciwane namagciwane angahlala ngaphandle komzimba ezindaweni ezinzima amahora, futhi kwesinye isikhathi izinsuku. I-Salmonella ne-campylobacter zingaphila ezindaweni ezingafika emahoreni amane, kuyilapho i-norovirus ingaphila ezindaweni ezingamasonto.

3. Izimuncagazi

Izimuncagazi ezingadala ubuthi ekudleni zifaka:

• Giardia duodenalis (phambilini obaziwa ngokuthi G. lamblia)
• I-Cryptosporidium parvum
• ICyclospora cayetanensis
• I-Toxoplasma gondii
• I-Trichinella spiralis
• I-Taenia saginata
• I-Taenia solium

Izimuncagazi yizinto eziphilayo ezihluka ngosayizi. Ezinye zincane kakhulu, kepha ezinye, njengezibungu zezinambuzane, zingabonakala ngeso lenyama. Lezi zidalwa zihlala noma kwezinye izinto eziphilayo (ezibizwa ngokuthi i-host) futhi zithola izakhamzimba ezivela kulo mgcini.

Uma zikhona, lezi zinto eziphilayo zitholakala ngokujwayelekile esihlalweni sabantu nezilwane. Zingadlulisela emzimbeni wakho lapho udla ukudla okungcolile, uphuza amanzi angcolile, noma ufaka noma yini emlonyeni wakho ehlangana nendle yomuntu noma isilwane esinalesi sifo.

Ungasabalalisa lolu hlobo lobuthi bokudla ngokuthintana ngokomzimba noma ngokulungisa ukudla ngezandla ezingcolile.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukusabalala kokudla okunoshevu

Noma ngubani angathola ubuthi ekudleni, kodwa kunezindlela zokuvimbela ukusabalala kwakho uma usuthelelekile.

Ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwezifo ezithathelwanayo ezibangelwa ukudla kubalulekile ngoba kungavela izinkinga.

Njengoba ukudla okunoshevu kungadala ukuhlanza nokuhuda, kunengozi yokuphela kwamanzi emzimbeni. Ezimweni ezinzima zokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi, ukwelashwa esibhedlela kuyadingeka ukufaka okunye uketshezi olulahlekile. Ukuphela kwamanzi emzimbeni kungaba yingozi ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, kubantu asebekhulile, nakubantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka.

Nawa amathiphu ambalwa wokuvimbela ukusakazeka kokudla okunobuthi uma usugula vele.

Amagciwane

• Hlala ekhaya ungayi esikoleni noma emsebenzini kuze kuphele izimpawu
• Geza izandla zakho ngamanzi afudumele anensipho ngemuva kokuya endlini yangasese nangemva kokuthintana nendle yezilwane noma yomuntu.
• Musa ukulungisa noma ukuphatha ukudla noma iziphuzo kuze kube yilapho izimpawu ziphela futhi uzizwa ungcono.
• Fundisa izingane ukuthi zigezwa kanjani izandla. Ngokwe-CDC, kufanele kuthathe cishe imizuzwana engama-20, ubude besikhathi obuthatha ukucula ingoma ethi "Happy Birthday" kabili.
• Khipha amagciwane ezindaweni ezivamise ukuthintwa ekhaya - amaswishi alula, izinkinobho zeminyango, imishini yokubala, izilawuli kude, njll.
• Hlanza indlu yangasese ngemuva kokuyisebenzisa njalo, usebenzisa izesuli zokubulala amagciwane noma isifutho sokubulala amagciwane esihlalweni nasesibambo.

Igciwane

• Hlala ekhaya ungasebenzi futhi usebenze kuze kube yilapho izimpawu zinyamalala futhi ugweme ukuhamba.
• Geza izandla zakho ngamanzi afudumele anensipho ngemuva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese nangemva kokuhlangana nendle yabantu noma yezilwane.
• Musa ukulungisa noma ukuphatha ukudla noma iziphuzo kuze kube yilapho izimpawu ziphela futhi uzizwa ungcono.
• Khipha amagciwane ezindaweni ezigudle indlu.
• Gqoka amagilavu ​​lapho uhlanza umhlanzo noma uhudo lomuntu onegciwane.

Amagciwane

• Geza izandla ngamanzi afudumele, anensipho ngemuva kokuya endlini yangasese nangemva kokuhlangana nendle yabantu noma yezilwane
• Musa ukulungisa noma ukuphatha ukudla noma iziphuzo kuze kube yilapho izimpawu ziphela futhi uzizwa ungcono.
• Zijwayeze ukwenza ucansi oluphephile. Ezinye izimuncagazi (IGiardia) ingasakazeka ocansini lomlomo nolungavikelwanga olungavikelekile.

Uyini umbono wobuthi bokudla?

Ubuthi bokudla bungadala izimpawu ezahlukahlukene ezingakhululekile ezifana nohudo, ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu besisu, nomkhuhlane. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu zivame ukuzixazulula zodwa kungakapheli amahora kuya ezinsukwini futhi ngokuvamile azidingi udokotela.

Ukuthola ukuphumula okuningi nokuphuza iziphuzo kungakusiza uzizwe ungcono. Noma ungazizwa ungathandi ukudla, umzimba wakho udinga amandla, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi udle ukudla okungekho emthethweni njengama-crackers, i-toast nelayisi.

Okuwuketshezi (amanzi, ujusi, itiye elinamanzi) nakho kubalulekile ukugwema ukuphelelwa amandla. Uma unezimpawu zokuphela kwamanzi emzimbeni, iya esibhedlela ngokushesha. Izimpawu zifaka ukoma ngokweqile, ukuchama njalo, umchamo onombala omnyama, ukukhathala, nesiyezi.

Ezinganeni, izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni zifaka ulimi olomile, awekho amanabukeni amanzi amahora amathathu, ubuthakathaka, ukucasuka, nokukhala ngaphandle kwezinyembezi.