Ingabe i-Gluten Kukubi Kuwe? Ukubukeka Okubucayi

-Delile

• Kuyini i-Gluten?
• Ukungabekezelelani Nge-Gluten
• Isifo seCeliac
• Ukungezwani komzimba nokolweni
• Ukuzwela okungekho kwe-Celiac Gluten
• Abanye Abantu Abangahlomula Ngokudla Okungahambisani Ne-Gluten
• Izifo Ezizimele
• Ezinye Izimo
• Ingabe Wonke Umuntu Kufanele Agweme I-Gluten?
• Kungani Abantu Abaningi Bezizwa Bangcono
• Ingabe Lokhu Kudla Kuphephile?
• Ingabe Imikhiqizo Engenalo I-Gluten Inempilo?
• Okusemqoka

Ukuhamba ngaphandle kwe-gluten kungaba umkhuba omkhulu wezempilo kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, kodwa kukhona ukudideka kokuthi i-gluten iyinkinga yini kuwo wonke umuntu noma kulabo abanezimo ezithile zezokwelapha.

Kuyacaca ukuthi abanye abantu kumele bayigweme ngezizathu zempilo, njengalezo ezinesifo se-celiac noma ukungabekezelelani.

Kodwa-ke, abaningi emhlabeni wezempilo nezempilo basikisela ukuthi wonke umuntu kufanele alandele ukudla okungenayo i-gluten - noma ngabe akabekezeleli noma cha.

Lokhu kuholele izigidi zabantu ukuthi ziyeke i-gluten ngethemba lokwehlisa isisindo, ukuthuthukisa imizwa, nokuthola impilo.

Noma kunjalo, ungazibuza ukuthi ngabe lezi zindlela zisekelwa yisayensi.

Le ndatshana ikutshela ukuthi i-gluten akukubi ngempela yini.

Kuyini i-Gluten?

Yize kuvame ukucatshangwa njengenhlanganisela eyodwa, i-gluten yigama elihlangene elibhekisela ezinhlotsheni eziningi zamaprotheni (ama-prolamins) atholakala kukolweni, ibhali, irye, ne-triticale (isiphambano esiphakathi kukakolweni nerye) ().

Kunama-prolamins ahlukahlukene akhona, kepha onke ahlobene futhi anezakhiwo nezakhiwo ezifanayo. Ama-prolamins amakhulu kukolweni afaka i-gliadin ne-glutenin, kanti eyokuqala kubhali yi-hordein ().

Amaprotheni e-Gluten - afana ne-glutenin ne-gliadin - anwebeka kakhulu, yingakho okusanhlamvu okuqukethe i-gluten kufanelekile ukwenza isinkwa nezinye izimpahla ezibhakiwe.

Eqinisweni, i-gluten eyengeziwe ngesimo somkhiqizo oyimpuphu obizwa ngokuthi i-kubalulekile kakolweni i-gluten ivame ukungezwa ezintweni ezibhakiwe ukwandisa amandla, ukukhuphuka, kanye neshalofu lempilo yomkhiqizo ophelile.

Izinhlamvu nokudla okuqukethe i-Gluten kwenza ingxenye enkulu yokudla kwanamuhla, ngokudla okulinganiselwa ekudleni kwaseNtshonalanga cishe ngama-5-20 amagremu ngosuku ().

Amaprotheni e-Gluten amelana kakhulu nama-enzyme e-protease adiliza amaprotheni asezingeni lakho lokugaya ukudla.

Ukugaya okungaphelele kwamaprotheni kuvumela ama-peptide - amayunithi amakhulu ama-amino acid, okuyizakhi zokwakha amaprotheni - awela odongeni lwamathumbu akho amancane angene kuwo wonke umzimba wakho.

Lokhu kungadala izimpendulo zomzimba ezikhonjiswe ezimeni eziningi ezihlobene ne-gluten, njengesifo se-celiac ().

I-Gluten yigama lesambulela elibhekisa emndenini wamaprotheni aziwa ngokuthi ama-prolamins. Lawa maprotheni amelana nokugayeka komuntu.

Ukungabekezelelani Nge-Gluten

Igama elithi gluten ukungabekezelelani lisho izinhlobo ezintathu zezimo ().

Yize izimo ezilandelayo zinokufana okuthile, zehluka kakhulu maqondana nemvelaphi, ukukhula, nobukhali.

Isifo seCeliac

Isifo seCeliac yisifo esizimele sokuvuvukala esibangelwa yizici zofuzo nezemvelo. Ithinta cishe i-1% yabantu emhlabeni.

Kodwa-ke, emazweni afana neFinland, iMexico, kanye nabantu abathile eNyakatho ne-Afrika, ukubhebhetheka kulinganiselwa ukuthi kuphakeme kakhulu - cishe ngo-2-5% (,).

Kuyisimo esingelapheki esihlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlamvu eziqukethe i-gluten kubantu abathintekayo. Yize isifo se-celiac sibandakanya amasistimu amaningi emzimbeni wakho, sithathwa njengesifo sokuvuvukala kwamathumbu amancane.

Ukufakwa kwalokhu okusanhlamvu kulabo abanesifo se-celiac kubangela ukulimala kwama-enterocyte, angamaseli agcoba amathumbu akho amancane. Lokhu kuholela ekulimaleni kwamathumbu, i-malabsorption yezakhi zomzimba, kanye nezimpawu ezinjengokwehla kwesisindo nohudo ().

Ezinye izimpawu noma ukwethulwa kwesifo se-celiac kufaka i-anemia, i-osteoporosis, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa, nezifo zesikhumba, njenge-dermatitis. Noma kunjalo, abantu abaningi abanesifo se-celiac kungenzeka bangabi nazimpawu nhlobo (,).

Isimo sitholwa yi-biopsy yamathumbu - ithathwa "njengejwayelekile yegolide" yokuthola isifo se-celiac - noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngama-genotypes athile noma ama-antibodies. Njengamanje, ikhambi kuphela lalesi sifo ukugwema ngokuphelele i-gluten ().

Ukungezwani komzimba nokolweni

Ukwelashwa kukakolweni kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni kepha kungathinta nabantu abadala. Labo abaguliswa ukolweni banempendulo engafanele yokuzivikela kumaprotheni athile emikhiqizweni kakolweni neyokolweni ().

Izimpawu zingahle ziqale isicanucanu esimnene kuye kwe-anaphylaxis enamandla, esongela impilo - ukusabela okweqile okungadala ubunzima bokuphefumula - ngemuva kokumunca ukolweni noma ukuhogela ufulawa kakolweni.

Ukungezwani nokolweni kwehlukile kwesifo se-celiac, futhi kungenzeka ube nemibandela yomibili.

Ukungezwani nokolweni kuvame ukutholwa yilabo abalwa nezifo besebenzisa ukuhlolelwa igazi noma ukubhoboza isikhumba.

Ukuzwela okungekho kwe-Celiac Gluten

Abantu abaningi babika izimpawu ngemuva kokudla i-gluten, yize bengenaso isifo se-celiac noma ukungezwani komzimba nokolweni ().

Ukuzwela kwe-non-celiac gluten (NCGS) kutholakala lapho umuntu engenazo lezi zimo ezingenhla kepha esathola izimpawu zamathumbu nezinye izimpawu - ezinjengekhanda, ukukhathala nobuhlungu bamalunga - lapho bedla i-gluten ().

Isifo se-Celiac kanye nokwaliwa ukolo kumele kukhishwe ngaphandle ukuze kuhlolwe i-NCGS ngoba izimpawu ziyagqashuka kuzo zonke lezi zimo.

Njengalabo abanesifo se-celiac noma ukungezwani komzimba nokolweni, abantu abane-NCGS babika ukuthuthuka kwezimpawu lapho belandela ukudla okungenayo i-gluten.

Ukungabekezelelani kwe-Gluten kubhekisa kwizifo ze-celiac, ukungezwani kakolweni, kanye ne-NCGS. Yize ezinye izimpawu ziyagqagqana, lezi zimo zinokwehluka okuphawulekayo.

Abanye Abantu Abangahlomula Ngokudla Okungahambisani Ne-Gluten

Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukulandela ukudla okungenayo i-gluten kuyasebenza ekwehliseni izimpawu ezihlobene nezimo eziningana. Abanye ochwepheshe bakuxhumanise nokuvinjelwa kwezifo ezithile.

Izifo Ezizimele

Kunemibono eminingana yokuthi kungani i-gluten ingadala noma yenze isimo sibe sibi ngokwengeziwe, njenge-Hashimoto's thyroiditis, uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, isifo seGrave, nesifo samathambo.

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi izifo ezizimele zabelana ngezakhi zofuzo ezivamile kanye nezindlela zokuzivikela ezifweni zesifo se-celiac.

Ukulingiswa kwamangqamuzana kuyindlela ephakanyisiwe njengendlela lapho i-gluten iqala khona noma yenze isifo se-autoimmune sibe sibi kakhulu. Yilapho i-antigen yangaphandle - into ekhuthaza ukuphendula komzimba - yabelana ngokufana nama-antigen omzimba wakho ().

Ukudla ukudla okuqukethe lawa ma-antigen afanayo kungaholela ekukhiqizeni ama-antibodies asabela ngazo zombili i-antigen engenisiwe nezicubu zomzimba wakho ().

Eqinisweni, isifo se-celiac sihlotshaniswa nengozi ephezulu yokuba nezifo ezengeziwe zokuzivikela komzimba futhi sidlange kakhulu kubantu abanezinye izimo ezizimele ().

Isibonelo, ukwanda kwesifo se-celiac kulinganiselwa ukuthi kufinyelela izikhathi eziphindwe kane kulabo abane-Hashimoto's thyroiditis - isimo se-thyroid esizimele - kunasemphakathini jikelele ().

Ngakho-ke, izifundo eziningi zithola ukuthi ukudla okungenayo i-gluten kusiza abantu abaningi abanezifo ezizimele ().

Ezinye Izimo

I-Gluten ibuye yaboshelwa ezifweni zamathumbu, njenge-irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) kanye nesifo samathumbu esivuthayo (IBD), okubandakanya isifo sikaCrohn nesifo sezilonda esidalwa yizilonda emathunjini ().

Futhi, kukhonjisiwe ukuthi kuguqula amathumbu amabhaktheriya futhi kwandise ukungena kwamathumbu kubantu abane-IBD ne-IBS ().

Okokugcina, ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ukudla okungenayo i-gluten kusiza abantu abanezinye izimo, njenge-fibromyalgia, i-endometriosis, ne-schizophrenia ().

Izifundo eziningi zixhuma i-gluten ekuqalisweni nasekuqhubekeni kwezifo ezizimele futhi zibonisa ukuthi ukukugwema kungazuzisa ezinye izimo, kufaka phakathi i-IBD ne-IBS.

Ingabe Wonke Umuntu Kufanele Agweme I-Gluten?

Kuyacaca ukuthi abantu abaningi, njengalabo abanesifo se-celiac, i-NCGS, kanye nezifo ezizimele, bayazuza ngokulandela ukudla okungenayo i-gluten.

Noma kunjalo, akucaci noma ngabe wonke umuntu - kungakhathalekile isimo sempilo yakhe - kufanele ayiguqule imikhuba yakhe yokudla.

Imibono eminingana ithuthukile yokuthi kungani imizimba yabantu ingahle ingakwazi ukuphatha i-gluten. Olunye ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi amasistimu wokugaya ukudla womuntu awazange aguquke ukuze agaye uhlobo noma inani lamaprotheni okusanhlamvu ajwayelekile ekudleni kwanamuhla.

Futhi, ezinye izifundo zikhombisa indima engaba khona kwamanye amaprotheni kakolweni, njenge-FODMAPs (izinhlobo ezithile ze-carbs), i-amylase trypsin inhibitors, ne-germ gerlutinins, ekunikeleni kwizimpawu ezihlobene ne-NCGS.

Lokhu kuphakamisa impendulo eyindida ngokwedlulele kakolweni ().

Inani labantu eligwema i-gluten likhuphuke kakhulu. Isibonelo, imininingwane yase-US evela kuNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) ikhombisa ukuthi ukwanda kokugwema kuphindwe ngaphezu kokuphindwe kathathu kusuka ngo-2009 kuya ku-2014 ().

Kubantu abane-NCGS ebikiwe abahlolwa ngokulawulwa, ukuxilongwa kuqinisekiswa cishe kuphela ngo-16-30% (,).

Noma kunjalo, njengoba izizathu zezimpawu ze-NCGS zingaziwa kakhulu futhi ukuhlolwa kwe-NCGS kungakapheleliswa, inani labantu abangasabela kabi ku-gluten alaziwa ().

Yize kunokusunduza okusobala emhlabeni wezempilo nokuphila kahle ukugwema i-gluten ngempilo yonke - okuthinta ukuthandwa kokudla okungenayo i-gluten - kukhona nobufakazi obukhulayo bokuthi ukwanda kwe-NCGS kuyanda.

Njengamanje, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwazi ukuthi ungazuza yini wena ngokwakho ekudleni okungenayo i-gluten ngemuva kokukhipha isifo se-celiac kanye nokwaliwa ukolo ukuvikela i-gluten nokuqapha izimpawu zakho.

Njengamanje, ukuhlolwa okuthembekile kwe-NCGS akutholakali. Ukuphela kwendlela yokubona ukuthi ungazuza yini ekudleni okungenayo i-gluten ukuvikela i-gluten nokuqapha izimpawu zakho.

Kungani Abantu Abaningi Bezizwa Bangcono

Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani abantu abaningi bezizwa bengcono ekudleni okungenalutho kwe-gluten.

Okokuqala, ukugwema i-gluten ngokuvamile kuhilela ukunciphisa ukudla okucutshungulwayo, njengoba kutholakala ezinhlotsheni eziningi zokudla okusetshenzwe kakhulu, njengokudla okusheshayo, izimpahla ezibhakiwe, nezinhlamvu ezinoshukela.

Lokhu kudla akuqukethe i-gluten kuphela kepha ngokujwayelekile futhi kunama-calories amaningi, ushukela, namafutha angenampilo.

Abantu abaningi bathi bancipha emzimbeni, bazizwe bengakhathali kangako, futhi banobuhlungu obuncane bokuhlanganyela ekudleni okungenalutho kwe-gluten. Kungenzeka ukuthi lezi zinzuzo zibangelwa ukukhishwa kokudla okungenampilo.

Isibonelo, ukudla okuphezulu kuma-carbs noshukela ocwengile kuxhunywe ekuzuzeni isisindo, ukukhathala, ubuhlungu bamalunga, imizwa engemihle, nezinkinga zokugaya - zonke izimpawu ezihlobene ne-NCGS (,,,).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu bavame ukufaka ukudla okuqukethe i-gluten ngezinketho ezinempilo, njengemifino, izithelo, amafutha anempilo, namaprotheni - angakhuthaza impilo nenhlalakahle.

Ngokwengeziwe, izimpawu zokugaya ukudla zingathuthuka ngenxa yokwehlisa ukutholwa kwezinye izithako ezivamile, ezinjenge-FODMAPs (ama-carbs avame ukudala izingqinamba zokugaya ukudla njengokuqunjelwa kanye negesi) ().

Yize izimpawu ezithuthukisiwe ekudleni okungenalo i-gluten zingahle zihlobene ne-NCGS, lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungenzeka futhi ngenxa yezizathu ezibalwe ngenhla noma ukuhlanganiswa kwalokhu okubili.

Ukusika ukudla okuqukethe i-gluten kungathuthukisa impilo ngezizathu eziningana, ezinye zazo ezingahlobene ne-gluten.

Ingabe Lokhu Kudla Kuphephile?

Yize ochwepheshe abaningi bezempilo bephakamisa ngenye indlela, kuphephile ukulandela ukudla okungenayo i-gluten - ngisho nakubantu okungadingeki ukuthi benze kanjalo.

Ukusika ukolweni nokunye okusanhlamvu okuqukethe i-gluten ngeke kudale imiphumela emibi yezempilo - inqobo nje uma le mikhiqizo ithathelwa indawo ukudla okunomsoco.

Zonke izakhamzimba ezitholakala ezinhlanzini eziqukethe i-gluten, njengama-vithamini B, i-fiber, i-zinc, i-iron ne-potassium, zingashintshwa kalula ngokulandela ukudla okuyindilinga, okuphelele ekudleni okuqukethe imifino, izithelo, amafutha anempilo, nemithombo yamaprotheni enomsoco.

Ingabe Imikhiqizo Engenalo I-Gluten Inempilo?

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi into ayinayo i-gluten akusho ukuthi iphilile.

Izinkampani eziningi zithengisa amakhukhi angenawo i-gluten, amakhekhe, nokunye ukudla okusetshenzwe kakhulu okunempilo kunabalingani babo abane-gluten.

Eqinisweni, isifundo esisodwa sathola ukuthi ama-65% aseMelika akholelwa ukuthi ukudla okungenayo i-gluten kunempilo, kanti ama-27% akhetha ukukudla ukuze akhuthaze ukwehla kwesisindo ().

Yize imikhiqizo engenayo i-gluten ifakazelwa ukuthi inenzuzo kulabo abayidingayo, ayinayo impilo kunaleyo equkethe i-gluten.

Futhi ngenkathi ukulandela ukudla okungenayo i-gluten kuphephile, khumbula ukuthi noma ikuphi ukudla okuncike kakhulu ekudleni okusetshenzisiwe akunakwenzeka ukuthi kuholele kunoma yiziphi izinzuzo zezempilo.

Futhi, kusaphikiswana ngokuthi ukwamukela lokhu kudla kuyizuzisa yini impilo yalabo abangenakho ukubekezelelana.

Njengoba ucwaningo kule ndawo luguquka, kungenzeka ukuthi ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-gluten kanye nomthelela wayo empilweni iyonke buzokuqondakala kangcono. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, nguwe kuphela onganquma ukuthi ukukugwema kuyazuzisa yini izidingo zakho.

Yize kuphephile ukulandela ukudla okungenayo i-gluten, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi imikhiqizo esetshenzisiwe engena-gluten ayinempilo kunaleyo equkethe i-gluten.

Okusemqoka

Ukulandela ukudla okungenayo i-gluten kuyisidingo kwabanye nokuzikhethela kwabanye.

Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-gluten nempilo yonke buyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ucwaningo luyaqhubeka.

I-Gluten ixhunyaniswe nezimo ezizimele, zokugaya ukudla, nezinye izimo zempilo. Ngenkathi abantu abanalezi zinkinga kufanele noma kufanele bagweme i-gluten, kusengakacaci ukuthi ngabe ukudla okungenayo i-gluten kuyabasiza yini labo abangenakho ukubekezelelana.

Njengoba njengamanje kungekho ukuhlolwa okunembile kokungabekezelelani nokugwema i-gluten akunazingozi zempilo, ungayizama ukubona ukuthi kukwenza uzizwe ungcono yini.