Thayipha 2 Isifo Sikashukela Nezifo Zezinso

-Delile

• Izimpawu ze-nephropathy
• Izici ezinobungozi ze-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela
• Izimbangela ze-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela
• Ukuvimbela nephropathy yesifo sikashukela
• Ukudla
• Ukuzivocavoca umzimba
• Izidakamizwa
• Ukuyeka ukubhema

Kuyini nephropathy yesifo sikashukela?

I-Nephropathy, noma isifo sezinso, siphakathi kwezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu kubantu abaningi abanesifo sikashukela. Yimbangela ehamba phambili yokwehluleka kwezinso e-United States.

Ngokusho kweNational Kidney Foundation, bangaphezu kuka-660,000 abantu baseMelika abanesifo sezinso esigabeni sokugcina futhi baphila nge-dialysis.

I-Nephropathy inezimpawu ezimbalwa zokuqala noma izimpawu zokuxwayisa, ezifana nezinye izifo ezihlotshaniswa nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela. Ukulimala kwezinso ku-nephropathy kungavela isikhathi esiyiminyaka eyishumi ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu zokuqala.

Izimpawu ze-nephropathy

Imvamisa, azikho izimpawu zesifo sezinso ezivela kuze kube yilapho izinso zingasasebenzi kahle. Izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi izinso zakho zingaba sengozini zifaka:

• ukugcinwa koketshezi
• ukuvuvukala kwezinyawo, amaqakala nemilenze
• ukungathandi ukudla
• ukuzizwa ngikhathele futhi ngibuthakathaka isikhathi esiningi
• ikhanda elibuhlungu njalo
• isisu esibuhlungu
• isicanucanu
• ukuhlanza
• ukuqwasha
• ubunzima bokugxila

Izici ezinobungozi ze-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela

Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kwesifo sezinso kubalulekile ekugcineni impilo enhle. Uma une-prediabetes, thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2, noma ezinye izici eziyingozi zesifo sikashukela, izinso zakho sezivele zisetshenziswe ngokweqile futhi umsebenzi wazo kufanele uhlolwe minyaka yonke.

Ngaphandle kwesifo sikashukela, ezinye izinto eziyingozi zesifo sezinso yilezi:

• umfutho wegazi ophakeme ongalawuleki
• i-glucose ephezulu yegazi engalawulwa
• ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• cholesterol ephezulu
• umlando womndeni wesifo sezinso
• umlando womndeni wesifo senhliziyo
• ukubhema ugwayi
• ukukhula

Ukudlanga okuphezulu kwezifo zezinso kukhona phakathi:

• Abantu base-Afrika baseMelika
• AmaNdiya aseMelika
• AbaseMelika baseSpain
• Abantu base-Asia baseMelika

Izimbangela ze-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela

Isifo sezinso asinayo imbangela eyodwa nje ethize. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ukukhula kwayo kungenzeka kuhlotshaniswa neminyaka yeglucose yegazi engalawulwa. Ezinye izinto kungenzeka zidlale indima ebalulekile futhi, njengokuthambekela kofuzo.

Izinso uhlelo lokuhlunga igazi lomzimba. Ngayinye yakhiwe ngamakhulu ezinkulungwane zama-nephron ahlanza igazi lemfucuza.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi lapho umuntu enesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, izinso zisebenza ngokweqile ngoba zihlala zisusa ngokweqile ushukela egazini. Ama-nephrons ayavutha futhi abe nezibazi, futhi awasasebenzi kahle.

Ngokushesha, ama-nephrons awasakwazi ukukuhlunga ngokuphelele ukunikezwa kwegazi lomzimba. Izinto ezingavame ukususwa egazini, njengeprotheni, zidlulela emchameni.

Okuningi kwalokho okungafuneki kuyiprotheni ebizwa nge-albumin. Amazinga omzimba wakho we-albhamuin angahlolwa kusampula yomchamo ukusiza ukuthola ukuthi izinso zakho zisebenza kanjani.

Inani elincane le-albhamuin emchameni kubizwa ngokuthi yi-microalbuminuria. Lapho kutholakala inani elikhulu le-albhamuin emchameni, lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi yi-macroalbuminuria.

Izingozi zokuhluleka kwezinso zikhulu kakhulu nge-macroalbuminuria, kanti isifo se-renal sokugcina (ESRD) siyingozi. Ukwelashwa kwe-ERSD yi-dialysis, noma ukuhlungwa kwegazi lakho ngomshini bese kuphinda kubuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho.

Ukuvimbela nephropathy yesifo sikashukela

Izindlela eziyinhloko zokuvimbela nephropathy yesifo sikashukela zifaka okulandelayo:

Ukudla

Indlela engcono yokulondoloza impilo yezinso ukubuka ukudla kwakho ngokucophelela. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela abanomsebenzi wezinso oyingxenye badinga ukuqaphela kakhulu ngokugcina:

• i-glucose yegazi enempilo
• cholesterol egazini
• amazinga e-lipid

Ukugcina umfutho wegazi ongaphansi kuka-130/80 nakho kubalulekile. Noma unesifo sezinso esincane, singenziwa sibi kakhulu yi-hypertension. Landela lezi zeluleko ukusiza ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi:

• Yidla ukudla okungenawo usawoti omningi.
• Ungafaki usawoti ekudleni.
• Yehlisa isisindo uma ukhuluphele ngokweqile.
• Gwema utshwala.

Udokotela wakho angancoma ukuthi ulandele ukudla okunamafutha amancane, namaprotheni amancane.

Ukuzivocavoca umzimba

Ngokuya ngezincomo zikadokotela wakho, ukuzivocavoca nsuku zonke nakho kuyisihluthulelo.

Izidakamizwa

Iningi labantu abane-type 2 yesifo sikashukela abanomfutho wegazi ophakeme bathatha i-angiotensin eguqula i-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors yokwelashwa kwesifo senhliziyo, njenge-captopril ne-enalapril. Le mithi futhi inamandla okunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo sezinso.

Odokotela futhi bavame ukubeka ama-angiotensin receptor blockers.

Okunye ongakhetha kukho kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kanye nesifo esingapheliyo sezinso kungaba ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor noma i-glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist. Le mithi inganciphisa ubungozi bokuqhubekela phambili kwesifo sezinso kanye nemicimbi yenhliziyo.

Ukuyeka ukubhema

Uma ubhema osikilidi, kufanele uyeke ngokushesha. Ngokuya ngocwaningo lwango-2012 olushicilelwe kulesi sigameko, ukubhema ugwayi kuyimbangela ebekiwe yokuthola isifo sezinso.