Ukuhola Ubuthi

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu zobuthi bomthofu?
• Yini ebangela ubuthi bomthofu?
• Ubani osengozini yokuthola ubuthi bomthofu?
• Kutholakala kanjani ukuthi ubuthi bomthofu bukhona?
• Uphathwa kanjani ubuthi bomthofu?
• Uyini umbono wobuthi bomthofu?
• Kungavinjelwa kanjani ukuthi ushevu uhole?

Buyini ubuthi bomthofu?

Ukuhola kuyinsimbi enobuthi kakhulu futhi kunobuthi obunamandla kakhulu. Ubuthi bomthofu yisimo esibi futhi kwesinye isikhathi esibulalayo. Kwenzeka lapho umthofu wakha emzimbeni.

Umthofu utholakala opendini obunomthofu, kufaka phakathi upende ezindongeni zezindlu ezindala namathoyizi. Kutholakala naku:

• izinto zobuciko
• uthuli olonakele
• imikhiqizo kaphethiloli ethengiswa ngaphandle kwase-United States naseCanada

Ubuthi bomthofu buvame ukwenzeka isikhathi esiyizinyanga noma iminyaka. Kungadala ukukhubazeka okukhulu ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba. Izingane ezincane zisengozini kakhulu.

Izingane zithola ukuhola emzimbeni wazo ngokufaka izinto ezinomthofu emlonyeni wazo. Ukuthinta umthofu bese ufaka iminwe yabo emilonyeni yabo nakho kungabenza ubuthi. Ukuhola kuyingozi kakhulu ezinganeni ngoba ubuchopho babo nezinhlelo zabo zemizwa zisathuthuka.

Ubuthi bomthofu bungelashwa, kodwa noma yimuphi umonakalo odalekile awunakulungiswa.

Ziyini izimpawu zobuthi bomthofu?

Izimpawu zobuthi bomthofu zihlukahlukene. Zingathinta izingxenye eziningi zomzimba. Isikhathi esiningi, ushevu womthofu wakha kancane. Ilandela ukuvezwa okuphindaphindiwe kumthamo omncane womthofu.

Ubuthi bomthofu abuvamile ngemuva kokuchayeka kanye noma ukungeniswa komthofu.

Izimpawu zokuvezwa kokuhola okuphindaphindiwe zifaka:

• ubuhlungu besisu
• amajaqamba esiswini
• isimilo esinolaka
• ukuqunjelwa
• izinkinga zokulala
• ikhanda
• ukucasuka
• ukulahleka kwamakhono entuthuko ezinganeni
• ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• ukukhathala
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• ukuba ndikindiki noma ukuncinza emaphethelweni
• ukulahleka kwememori
• i-anemia
• ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso

Njengoba ubuchopho bengane busakhula, ukuhola kungaholela ekukhubazekeni kwengqondo. Izimpawu zingafaka:

• izinkinga zokuziphatha
• IQ ephansi
• amamaki aphansi esikoleni
• izinkinga zokuzwa
• ubunzima bokufunda besikhathi esifushane nesikhathi eside
• ukubambezeleka kokukhula

Umthamo ophakeme, onobuthi wobuthi bomthofu ungaholela ezimpawu zezimo eziphuthumayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu kanye nokucinana
• ukuhlanza
• ubuthakathaka bemisipha
• ukukhubeka lapho uhamba
• isithuthwane
• ikhoma
• i-encephalopathy, ekhombisa ukudideka, ikhoma nokuquleka

Uma othile enezimpawu zokuvezwa okunzima kokuhola, shayela u-911 noma abezimo eziphuthumayo zendawo. Qiniseka ukuthi unolwazi olulandelayo olulungele ukutshela opharetha ophuthumayo:

• iminyaka yomuntu
• isisindo sabo
• umthombo wobuthi
• inani ligwinyiwe
• isikhathi okwenzeka ngaso ubuthi

Ezimweni ezingezona eziphuthumayo, shayela isilawuli sakho sendawo sikashevu ukuze uxoxe ngezimpawu ezinobuthi eziholayo. Bazokuvumela ukuthi ukhulume nochwepheshe.

Yini ebangela ubuthi bomthofu?

Ubuthi bomthofu benzeka lapho kufakwa umthofu. Ukuphefumula uthuli oluqukethe umthofu nakho kungakubangela. Awukwazi ukuhogela noma ukunambitha umthofu, futhi awubonakali ngeso lenyama.

E-United States, ukuhola kwakuvame kakhulu kupende wendlu nophethiloli. Le mikhiqizo ayisenziwa ngomthofu. Noma kunjalo, ukuhola kusekhona yonke indawo. Kutholakala ikakhulukazi ezindlini ezindala.

Imithombo ejwayelekile yomholi ifaka:

• upende wendlu owenziwe ngaphambi kuka-1978
• amathoyizi nezinto zasendlini ezidwetshwe ngaphambi kowe-1976
• amathoyizi enziwe futhi apendwa ngaphandle kwase-United States
• izinhlamvu, izinsimbi zamakhethini, nosinki bokudoba abenziwe ngomthofu
• amapayipi nosinki ompompi, okungangcolisa amanzi okuphuza
• inhlabathi ingcoliswe ukukhishwa kwemoto noma upende wasendlini odilikayo
• upende amasethi nezinto zobuciko
• ubucwebe, ubumba, nezibalo zomthofu
• isitoreji amabhethri
• ama-kohl noma ama-kajal eyeliners
• eminye imithi yendabuko

Ubani osengozini yokuthola ubuthi bomthofu?

Izingane zisengozini enkulu yokufakwa ubuthi bomthofu, ikakhulukazi uma zihlala ezindlini ezindala ezinopende ocijile.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izingane zithambekele ekufakeni izinto neminwe emilonyeni yazo.

Abantu emazweni asathuthuka nabo basengozini enkulu. Amazwe amaningi awanayo imithetho eqinile maqondana nomholi. Uma uthola ingane ivela ezweni elisathuthuka, amazinga ayo okuhola kufanele ahlolwe.

Kutholakala kanjani ukuthi ubuthi bomthofu bukhona?

Ubuthi bomthofu butholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa kusampula yegazi ejwayelekile.

Umthofu uvamile emvelweni. INational Institute of Environmental Health Sciences ibika ukuthi alikho inani lomthofu osegazini eliphephile. Kuyaziwa ukuthi amazinga aphansi njengama-micrograms ama-5 nge-desilitha ngalinye angahlanganiswa nezinkinga zempilo ezinganeni.

Ukuhlolwa okungeziwe kungafaka ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukubheka inani lamaseli agcina insimbi egazini, ama-X-ray, futhi mhlawumbe nomnkantsha wamathambo.

Uphathwa kanjani ubuthi bomthofu?

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokwelapha ukuthola nokususa umthombo wokuhola. Gcina izingane zikude nomthombo. Uma ingeke isuswe, kufanele ivalwe. Shayela umnyango wezempilo wangakini ngolwazi lokuthi ungawususa kanjani umthofu. Zingakusiza futhi ukunciphisa amathuba okuvezwa kokuhola.

Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa kwe-chelation ingasetshenziswa. Lokhu kwelashwa kubophela ukuhola okunqwabelene emzimbeni wakho. Ukuhola bese kukhishwa emchameni wakho.

Ama-chelators amakhemikhali asetshenziswa kakhulu afaka i-EDTA ne-DMSA. I-EDTA inemiphumela engemihle efaka ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso, kanti i-DMSA ingahle idale isicanucanu, ukucindezeleka kwesisu, kanye ne-allergen reaction, phakathi kwabanye.

Noma ngabe ukwelashwa kungaba nzima ukuguqula imiphumela yokuvezwa okungapheli.

Uyini umbono wobuthi bomthofu?

Abantu abadala abanokuvezwa okusesilinganisweni bavame ukululama ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Ezinganeni, ukululama kungathatha isikhathi. Ngisho nokuvezwa kokuhola okuphansi kungadala ukukhubazeka okuhlala njalo kwengqondo.

Kungavinjelwa kanjani ukuthi ushevu uhole?

Izinyathelo ezilula zingakusiza ukuvimbela ukuhogela ubuthi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Gwema noma ulahle amathoyizi apendiwe nezimpahla ezisemathinini ezivela emazweni angaphandle.
• Gcina ikhaya lakho lingenalo uthuli.
• Sebenzisa amanzi abandayo kuphela ukulungiselela ukudla neziphuzo.
• Qiniseka ukuthi wonke umuntu ugeza izandla ngaphambi kokudla.
• Hlola amanzi akho ngomthofu. Uma amazinga okuhola ephezulu, sebenzisa okokuhlunga noma uphuze amanzi asemabhodleleni.
• Hlanza ompompi nama-aerator njalo.
• Geza amathoyizi namabhodlela ezingane njalo.
• Fundisa izingane zakho ukugeza izandla ngemuva kokudlala.
• Qiniseka ukuthi noma yimuphi usonkontileka owenza umsebenzi endlini yakho uqinisekisiwe ekulawuleni okuholayo.
• Sebenzisa upende ongenamthofu ekhaya lakho.
• Thatha izingane ezincane zihlolwe izinga lokuhola kwegazi emahhovisi ezingane zazo. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa cishe eminyakeni engu-1 kuya kwengu-2 ubudala.
• Gwema izindawo okungenzeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe kuzo upende owenziwe ngomthofu.

Uma unanoma yimiphi imibuzo maqondana nokususwa okuphephile komthofu, xhumana ne-National Lead Information Center ku-800-424-LEAD (5323).