I-cutaneous leishmaniasis: kuyini, izimpawu nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• 1. I-leishmaniasis enqamulelayo
• 2. I-leishmaniasis yomucu noma yomlomo
• Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa
• Yelashwa kanjani
• Ungakuvimbela kanjani

I-leishmaniasis enqamulelayo yabantu yisifo esithathelwanayo esisakazeka emhlabeni jikelele, esibangelwe ukutheleleka yi-protozoanI-Leishmania, okudala amanxeba angenabuhlungu esikhunjeni nasezilwaneni zomzimba.

EBrazil, i-leishmaniasis yaseMelika esikiwe, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "isilonda se-bauru" noma "isilonda sasendle", idluliselwa izinambuzane zohloboI-Lutzomyia, eyaziwa ngokuthi omiyane botshani, kanti ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngaphansi kokuqondiswa ngudokotela wesikhumba, futhi kungadingeka ukusebenzisa imishanguzo ejojwayo, eyaziwa ngokuthi ama-antimonials aphusayo.

Indlela yokuthola lesi sifo ngukulunywa yisinambuzane, esingcoliswe yiso I-Leishmania ngemuva kokuluma abantu noma izilwane ezinesifo, ikakhulukazi izinja, amakati kanye namagundane, ngakho-ke, lesi sifo asithelelani futhi akukho ukudluliswa kusuka kumuntu kuye komunye umuntu. Izinambuzane ezidlulisa i-leishmaniasis ngokuvamile zihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo, ezinomswakama nezimnyama, ikakhulukazi emahlathini noma emagcekeni anenqwaba yemfucumfucu.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokwethulwa kwe-leishmaniasis enqamulelayo yilezi:

1. I-leishmaniasis enqamulelayo

I-leishmaniasis enqamulelayo iyindlela evame kakhulu yalesi sifo, futhi imvamisa ibanga ukukhula kwesilonda, oku:

• Kuqala njengesigaxa esincane lapho kulunywe khona;
• Iguqukela enxebeni elivulekile elingenabuhlungu emasontweni noma ezinyangeni ezimbalwa;
• Uphulukisa kancane ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwelashwa phakathi kwezinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezingu-15;
• Ama-lymph node angavuvukala futhi abe buhlungu.

Izilonda zikala kusuka kumamilimitha ambalwa kuya kumasentimitha ambalwa, kunokuqina okuqinile ngemiphetho ephakanyisiwe nangaphansi okubomvu okungahle kube nezimfihlo. Uma kunokutheleleka okuhambisana negciwane kungadala ubuhlungu bendawo futhi kuveze uketshezi lwe-purulent.

Ngokungeziwe enxebeni lendabuko lendabuko, ifomu lokwethulwa kwezilonda lingahluka, ngokuya ngohlobo lweprotozoan elibhekele kanye nokuzivikela komzimba komuntu, futhi kungavela njengezigaxa ezisatshalaliswa ngumzimba noma ukungena esikhunjeni, ngokwesibonelo.

2. I-leishmaniasis yomucu noma yomlomo

Kuyaqabukela, isikhathi esiningi kuvela ngemuva kwesilonda esidala, futhi kubonakala ngezilonda ezibhubhisayo ku-mucosa yemigwaqo yomoya engenhla, enjengekhala, i-oropharynx, ulwanga, izindebe, ulimi, i-larynx futhi, kunzima kakhulu, i-trachea ne ingxenye ephezulu yamaphaphu.

Ku-mucosa, ububomvu, ukuvuvukala, ukungena nokulimala kungabonakala futhi, uma kukhona ukutheleleka kwesibili ngamagciwane, izilonda zingaletha ngokukhishwa kwe-purulent kanye nama-crust. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ku-mucosa yekhala, kungahle kube nokugcotshwa noma ukubhujiswa kwe-septum yenqwaba futhi, emlonyeni, kungahle kube nokugcotshwa kolwanga oluthambile.

Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa

Ezimweni eziningi udokotela uyakwazi ukuxilonga i-leishmaniasis enqamulelayo kuphela ngokubheka izilonda nokubika isiguli, ikakhulukazi lapho isiguli sihlala noma besisezindaweni ezithintwe yilesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, lesi sifo singaphanjaniswa nezinye izinkinga ezifana nesifo sofuba esinqunyiwe, izifo zesikhunta noma uchoko.

Ngakho-ke, kungabuye kudingeke ukwenza ukuhlolwa kokuhlonza lapho kunezinketho ezithile, njengokuhlolwa kwesikhumba okusebenzayo kwe-leishmaniasis, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-Intradermoreaction yaseMontenegro, ukuhlolwa kwesifiso noma i-biopsy ye-lesion, ukukhomba i-parasite, noma igazi izivivinyo, i-ELISA noma i-PCR.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-leishmaniasis nayo ingaziveza isesimweni sayo esibi kakhulu, okuyi-visceral, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-kala azar. Lesi sifo siguquka ngokuhluke kakhulu kwi-leishmaniasis enqamulelayo, sisakazeka egazini. Qonda ukuthi ungayibona kanjani i-visceral leishmaniasis.

Yelashwa kanjani

Izilonda ze-leishmaniasis ezinqunyiwe zivame ukuphola ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, esimweni samanxeba akhula ngosayizi, makhulu kakhulu, ayanda noma atholakala ebusweni, ezandleni nasemalungeni, kunganconywa ukwelashwa ngamakhambi, njengokhilimu nemijovo, eqondiswa odokotela besikhumba .

Izidakamizwa ezizikhethela kuqala ekwelapheni i-leishmaniasis ngama-antimonials we-pentavalent, okuthi, eBrazil, amelwe yi-N-methylglucamine antimoniate noma i-Glucantime, enziwa ngemithamo yansuku zonke, emithanjeni noma emithanjeni, izinsuku ezingama-20 kuye kwangama-30.

Uma amanxeba etheleleka ngesikhathi sokuphulukiswa, kungakuhle ukuthi welashwe nomhlengikazi ukuze anakekelwe kangcono futhi ugweme ukubhebhethekisa isilonda.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemuva kokuphulukiswa, izibazi zingahlala esikhunjeni futhi zidale izinguquko zobuhle. Ngakho-ke, kungadingeka ukwenza ukwelulekwa ngokwengqondo noma ukubhenela ekuhlinzweni kwepulasitiki ukwelapha izinguquko ebusweni, isibonelo.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani

Ukugwema ukudluliswa kwe-leishmaniasis, kubalulekile ukuthi utshale imali kumuntu ngamunye nanjengeqembu elihlangene njenge:

• Sebenzisa izinto zokuxosha lapho usezindaweni lapho kutholakala khona utshani bemiyane, futhi ugweme ukuvezwa ngezikhathi zokuqina okukhulu komiyane;
• Sebenzisa amanetha omiyane amahle, kanye nokubeka izikrini eminyango nakumawindi;
• Gcina umhlaba namagceke aseduze kuhlanzekile, kususwe imfucumfucu nenhlabathi, futhi kuthenwe izihlahla, ukunciphisa umswakama osiza ukuzalaniswa komiyane nezimpukane;
• Gwema imfucuza engokwemvelo enhlabathini, ukuze ungakhangi izilwane, njengamagundane, okungenzeka aqukethe lesi sifo;
• Gcina izilwane ezifuywayo zingangeni endlini ebusuku, ukuze wehlise ukuheha omiyane nezimpukane kule ndawo;
• Gwema ukwakha izindlu ezingaphansi kwamamitha angama-4000 noma ama-500 ukusuka ehlathini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kukhona izilonda ezingapholi kalula, futhi ezingakhombisa ukuthi kunalesi sifo, kubalulekile ukufuna ukunakekelwa esikhungweni sezempilo ukuze izimbangela nokwelashwa okufanele kusheshe kubonakale.