Isifo SaseLyme Esisatshalaliswe Kokuqala

-Delile

• Izimpawu Zesifo Esisatshalaliswa Kokuqala SaseLyme
• Izimbangela Zezifo ZaseLyme Ezisatshalaliswa Kokuqala
• Izici Zengozi Yesifo Esisatshalaliswe Kusenesikhathi seLyme
• Ukuxilongwa Kwezifo ZaseLyme Ezisatshalaliswa Ekuqaleni
• Izinkinga zesifo seLyme esisatshalaliswe kusenesikhathi
• Ukwelashwa Kwezifo ZaseLyme Ezisatshalaliswa Ekuqaleni
• Umbono Wezifo ZaseLyme Ezisatshalaliswe Kokuqala
• Amathiphu Wokuvimbela Isifo SeLyme
• Amathiphu Wokugwema Ukungenela Izifo ZeLyme
• Amathiphu Wokuvimbela Isifo SeLyme Ekuqhubekeni

Siyini Isifo SeLyme Esisatshalaliswa Kokuqala?

Isifo seLyme esisatshalaliswe kusenesikhathi yisigaba sesifo seLyme lapho amabhaktheriya abangela lesi simo asakazeke emzimbeni wakho wonke. Lesi sigaba singenzeka ezinsukwini, emasontweni, noma ngisho izinyanga ngemuva kokuthi umkhaza onegciwane ulume wena. Isifo seLyme ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya okubangelwa ukulunywa ngumkhaza omnyama. Isifo seLyme esisatshalaliswe kusenesikhathi sihambisana nesigaba sesibili sesifo. Kunezigaba ezintathu zesifo seLyme:

• Isigaba 1 yisifo seLyme esendaweni. Lokhu kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokulunywa umkhaza futhi kungadala ububomvu endaweni lapho kulunywa khona umkhaza kanye nomkhuhlane, ukubanda, imisipha yokuqaqamba kwesikhumba nokucasuka kwesikhumba.
• Isigaba 2 sisatshalaliswa kusenesikhathi isifo seLyme. Lokhu kwenzeka kungakapheli amasonto elunywe umkhaza. Ukutheleleka okungalashwa kuqala ukusabalala kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, kuveze izimpawu ezintsha ezahlukahlukene.
• Isigaba 3 yisifo seLyme esisatshalaliswa sekwedlule isikhathi. Lokhu kwenzeka izinyanga kuya eminyakeni ngemuva kokulunywa umkhaza okokuqala, lapho amabhaktheriya asakaze kuwo wonke umzimba. Abantu abaningi abakulesi sigaba sesifo babhekana nemijikelezo yesifo samathambo nobuhlungu bamalunga kanye nezimpawu zezinzwa ezinjengobuhlungu bokudubula, ukuba ndikindiki emaphethelweni, nezinkinga zememori yesikhashana.

Izimpawu Zesifo Esisatshalaliswa Kokuqala SaseLyme

Ukuqala kwesifo seLyme esisatshalaliswe ekuqaleni kungaqala ezinsukwini, emasontweni, noma ngisho nezinyanga ngemuva kokulunywa umkhaza onegciwane. Izimpawu zikhomba iqiniso lokuthi ukutheleleka sekuqalile ukusabalala kusuka endaweni lapho kulunywa khona umkhaza kuya kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Kulesi sigaba, ukutheleleka kubangela izimpawu ezithile ezingase zibe ngezikhathi ezithile. Kunjalo:

• i-erythema migrans, okuwukuqubuka kwamehlo kwenkunzi okwenzeka kwezinye izindawo ngaphandle kwendawo yokuluma
• Ukukhubazeka kukaBell, ukukhubazeka noma ubuthakathaka bemisipha kolunye noma ezinhlangothini zombili zobuso
• meningitis, okuwukuvuvukala komgogodla
• ukuqina kwentamo, ikhanda elibuhlungu, noma umkhuhlane ovela ku-meningitis
• ubuhlungu obukhulu bemisipha noma ukuba ndikindiki ezingalweni noma emilenzeni
• ubuhlungu noma ukuvuvukala emadolweni, emahlombe, endololwaneni, nakwamanye amalunga amakhulu
• izinkinga zenhliziyo, kufaka phakathi ukushaya kwenhliziyo nesiyezi

Izimbangela Zezifo ZaseLyme Ezisatshalaliswa Kokuqala

Isifo seLyme ukutheleleka ngamagciwane. Kubangelwa igciwane IBorrelia burgdorferi. Ungatheleleka lapho umkhaza othwala amagciwane ekuluma. Imvamisa imikhaza emnyama kanye nemikhaza yezinyamazane kusabalalisa lesi sifo. Le imikhaza iqoqa amabhaktheriya lapho iluma amagundane noma izinyamazane ezinezifo.

Ungatheleleka lapho le imikhaza emincane izinamathela ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zomzimba wakho. Zicishe zilingane nembewu ye-poppy futhi zithanda izindawo ezicashile njenge-groin, amakhwapha, ne-scalp. Imvamisa, bangahlala bengatholakali kulezi zindawo.

Iningi labantu abahlaselwa yisifo seLyme babika ukuthi abakaze babone umkhaza emzimbeni wabo. Umkhaza udlulisa amagciwane ngemuva kokunamathiselwa cishe amahora angama-36 kuye kwangama-48.

Isifo seLyme esisatshalaliswa kusenesikhathi yisigaba sesibili sokutheleleka. Kwenzeka phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa wokulunywa umkhaza, ngemuva kokuthi ukutheleleka kokuqala kungalashwa.

Izici Zengozi Yesifo Esisatshalaliswe Kusenesikhathi seLyme

Usengozini yokuthola isifo seLyme esisatshalaliswe kusenesikhathi uma ulunywe wumkhaza onegciwane futhi uhlala ungelashwa ngesikhathi sokuqala kwesifo seLyme.

Usengozini eyengeziwe yokungenwa yisifo seLyme uma uhlala kwenye yezindawo lapho kubikwa khona izifo eziningi zezifo zeLyme. Kunjalo:

• noma iziphi izifundazwe ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga ezisuka eMaine ziye eVirginia
• izifundazwe ezisenyakatho-maphakathi, nezigameko eziphakeme kakhulu eWisconsin naseMinnesota
• ogwini olusentshonalanga, ikakhulukazi enyakatho yeCalifornia

Izimo ezithile nazo zingakhuphula ubungozi bokuhlangana nomkhaza onegciwane:

• izingadi, ukuzingela, ukuhamba izintaba, noma ukwenza eminye imisebenzi yangaphandle ezindaweni lapho isifo seLyme singaba khona usongo
• ukuhamba ngezinyawo noma ukuhamba izintaba otshanini obuphezulu noma ezindaweni ezinezihlahla
• ukuba nezilwane ezifuywayo ezingathwala imikhaza zingene ekhaya lakho

Ukuxilongwa Kwezifo ZaseLyme Ezisatshalaliswa Ekuqaleni

Ukuze uhlolisise isifo seLyme, udokotela wakho uzo-oda ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuhlola ama-titers, noma izinga lama-antibodies kumagciwane abanga lesi sifo. Isivivinyo se-immunosorbent (i-ELISA) esixhunyaniswe ne-enzyme yisivivinyo esivame kakhulu sesifo seLyme. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Western blot test, okunye ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody, kungasetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa imiphumela ye-ELISA. Lezi zivivinyo zingenziwa ngasikhathi sinye.

Amasosha omzimba ukuze B. burgdorferi kungathatha kusuka emavikini amabili kuya kwayisithupha ngemuva kokutheleleka ukuvela egazini lakho. Ngenxa yalokhu, abantu abahlolwe emasontweni ambalwa okuqala okutheleleka bangathola ukuthi abanaso isifo seLyme. Kulokhu, udokotela wakho angakhetha ukuqapha izimpawu zakho bese evivinya futhi ngolunye usuku ukuze aqinisekise ukuxilongwa.

Uma usendaweni lapho isifo seLyme sivame khona, udokotela wakho angakwazi ukuxilonga isifo seLyme esigabeni 1 ngokuya ngezimpawu zakho kanye nesipiliyoni sabo somtholampilo.

Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi usheshe wasabalalisa isifo seLyme futhi ukutheleleka kuye kwasakazeka emzimbeni wakho, ukuhlolwa kwezindawo ezingathinteka kungadingeka. Lezi zivivinyo zingafaka:

• i-electrocardiogram noma i-echocardiogram ukuhlola ukusebenza kwenhliziyo yakho
• umpompi womgogodla ukubheka uketshezi lwakho lwe-cerebrospinal
• i-MRI yobuchopho ukubheka izimpawu zezimo zemizwa

Izinkinga zesifo seLyme esisatshalaliswe kusenesikhathi

Uma ungatholi ukwelashwa esigabeni sokuqala esisatshalalisiwe, ubunzima besifo seLyme bungafaka ukulimala kwamalunga akho, inhliziyo, nohlelo lwemizwa. Kodwa-ke, uma kutholakala ukuthi isifo seLyme kulesi sigaba, izimpawu zisengalashwa ngempumelelo.

Uma lesi sifo siqhubeka sisuka esigabeni esisatshalalisiwe sokuqala siye esigabeni sokusabalalisa sekwedlule isikhathi, noma isigaba 3, ngaphandle kokwelashwa, singaholela ezinkingeni zesikhathi eside. Lokhu kungafaka:

• I-Lyme arthritis, ebangela ukuvuvukala kwamalunga
• okungahambi kahle kwesigqi senhliziyo
• ukulimala kobuchopho nokwethuka kwemizwa
• kunciphise inkumbulo yesikhashana
• ubunzima bokugxila
• ubuhlungu
• ukuba ndikindiki
• ukuphazamiseka kokulala
• ukuwohloka kombono

Ukwelashwa Kwezifo ZaseLyme Ezisatshalaliswa Ekuqaleni

Lapho kutholakala ukuthi isifo seLyme sisezingeni lokuqala lendawo noma sisatshalaliswe kusenesikhathi, ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kuyinkambo yezinsuku eziyi-14 kuya kwezingama-21 yemithi elwa namagciwane ngomlomo. I-Doxycycline, i-amoxicillin, ne-cefuroxime yimithi ejwayelekile esetshenziswayo. Amanye ama-antibiotic noma ukwelashwa ngemithambo yegazi kungadingeka ngokuya ngesimo sakho kanye nezimpawu ezingeziwe.

Ungalindela ukululama okusheshayo nokuphelele uma uthola ama-antibiotic kwesinye sezigaba zokuqala zesifo seLyme.

Umbono Wezifo ZaseLyme Ezisatshalaliswe Kokuqala

Uma uthola ukuthi welashwa ngemithi elwa namagciwane kulesi sigaba, ungalindela ukuthi welashwe isifo seLyme. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, izinkinga zingaba khona, kepha zihlala zelapheka.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ungathola ukuqhubeka kwezimpawu zesifo seLyme ngemuva kokwelashwa kwama-antibiotic. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-Lyme disease syndrome, noma i-PTLDS. Abanye abantu abelashelwe isifo seLyme babika ubuhlungu bemisipha namalunga, izinkinga zokulala, noma ukukhathala ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa kwabo. Yize imbangela yalokhu ingaziwa, abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yempendulo ezenzakalelayo lapho amasosha akho omzimba ehlasela izicubu ezinempilo noma ingaxhunyaniswa nokutheleleka okuqhubekayo namagciwane abangela isifo seLyme.

Amathiphu Wokuvimbela Isifo SeLyme

Amathiphu Wokugwema Ukungenela Izifo ZeLyme

Ngokuthatha izinyathelo ezithile zokuzivikela, ungavimbela ukuthintana ngqo nemikhaza ethelelekile. Le mikhuba inganciphisa amathuba akho okuthola isifo seLyme futhi iqhubekele esigabeni sokuqala esisatshalaliswa:

• Sebenzisa into yokuphindisela izinambuzane ezingutsheni zakho nakuso sonke isikhumba esidaluliwe lapho uhamba ezindaweni ezinokhuni noma ezinotshani lapho imikhaza ichuma khona.
• Hamba maphakathi nemizila ukugwema utshani obuphezulu lapho uhamba izintaba.
• Ngemuva kokuhamba noma ukuhamba izintaba, shintsha izingubo zakho bese uhlola kahle imikhaza, ugxile emgodini, ekhanda nasekhwapheni.
• Hlola izilwane ezifuywayo ukuthola imikhaza.
• Phatha okokugqoka nezicathulo nge-permethrin, okuyinto ephikisayo yezinambuzane ehlala isebenza ngokuwasha kaningana.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma umkhaza ukuluma. Kufanele ubhekwe izinsuku ezingama-30 ngezimpawu zesifo seLyme.

Amathiphu Wokuvimbela Isifo SeLyme Ekuqhubekeni

Funda izimpawu zesifo sokuqala seLyme ukuze ukwazi ukuthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha uma ungenwe yilesi sifo. Uma uthola ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, ungagwema izingqinamba ezingaba khona zesifo seLyme esisatshalaliswe kusenesikhathi kanye nezigaba zakamuva.

Izimpawu zesifo sokuqala seLyme zingavela ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezingama-30 ngemuva kokulunywa umkhaza onegciwane. Funa i:

• ukuqubuka kwamehlo kwenkunzi ebomvu, okwandisayo esizeni sokulunywa umkhaza
• ukukhathala
• Ukugodola
• umuzwa ojwayelekile wokugula
• ukulunywa umzimba wonke
• ikhanda elibuhlungu
• ngizwe nginesiyezi
• ngizizwe ngiphela amandla
• ubuhlungu bemisipha
• ubuhlungu obuhlangene
• ukuqina kwentamo
• ama-lymph node avuvukile